1
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Mechanism and kinetics of electrocarboxylation of aromatic ketones in ionic liquid. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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2
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Eshtaya M, Ejigu A, Stephens G, Walsh DA, Chen GZ, Croft AK. Developing energy efficient lignin biomass processing - towards understanding mediator behaviour in ionic liquids. Faraday Discuss 2018; 190:127-45. [PMID: 27228384 DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00226e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental concerns have brought attention to the requirement for more efficient and renewable processes for chemicals production. Lignin is the second most abundant natural polymer, and might serve as a sustainable resource for manufacturing fuels and aromatic derivatives for the chemicals industry after being depolymerised. In this work, the mediator 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), commonly used with enzyme degradation systems, has been evaluated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) for enhancing the oxidation of the non-phenolic lignin model compound veratryl alcohol and three types of lignin (organosolv, Kraft and lignosulfonate) in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate, ([C2mim][C2SO4]). The presence of either veratryl alcohol or organosolv lignin increased the second oxidation peak of ABTS under select conditions, indicating the ABTS-mediated oxidation of these molecules at high potentials in [C2mim][C2SO4]. Furthermore, CV was applied as a quick and efficient way to explore the impact of water in the ABTS-mediated oxidation of both organosolv and lignosulfonate lignin. Higher catalytic efficiencies of ABTS were observed for lignosulfonate solutions either in sodium acetate buffer or when [C2mim][C2SO4] (15 v/v%) was present in the buffer solution, whilst there was no change found in the catalytic efficiency of ABTS in [C2mim][C2SO4]-lignosulfonate mixtures relative to ABTS alone. In contrast, organosolv showed an initial increase in oxidation, followed by a significant decrease on increasing the water content of a [C2mim][C2SO4] solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majd Eshtaya
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Andinet Ejigu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Gill Stephens
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
| | - Darren A Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - George Z Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK. and Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science & Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Anna K Croft
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK.
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3
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Abstract
Superoxide ion (O2(•-)) is of great significance as a radical species implicated in diverse chemical and biological systems. However, the chemistry knowledge of O2(•-) is rather scarce. In addition, numerous studies on O2(•-) were conducted within the latter half of the 20th century. Therefore, the current advancement in technology and instrumentation will certainly provide better insights into mechanisms and products of O2(•-) reactions and thus will result in new findings. This review emphasizes the state-of-the-art research on O2(•-) so as to enable researchers to venture into future research. It comprises the main characteristics of O2(•-) followed by generation methods. The reaction types of O2(•-) are reviewed, and its potential applications including the destruction of hazardous chemicals, synthesis of organic compounds, and many other applications are highlighted. The O2(•-) environmental chemistry is also discussed. The detection methods of O2(•-) are categorized and elaborated. Special attention is given to the feasibility of using ionic liquids as media for O2(•-), addressing the latest progress of generation and applications. The effect of electrodes on the O2(•-) electrochemical generation is reviewed. Finally, some remarks and future perspectives are concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Inas M AlNashef
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology , Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Rehman A, Zeng X. Methods and approaches of utilizing ionic liquids as gas sensing materials. RSC Adv 2015; 5:58371-58392. [PMID: 29142738 PMCID: PMC5683717 DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06754e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gas monitoring is of increasing significance for a broad range of applications in the fields of environmental and civil infrastructures, climate and energy, health and safety, industry and commerce. Even though there are many gas detection devices and systems available, the increasing needs for better detection technologies that not only satisfy the high analytical standards but also meet additional device requirements (e.g., being robust to survive under field conditions, low cost, small, smart, more mobile), demand continuous efforts in developing new methods and approaches for gas detection. Ionic Liquids (ILs) have attracted a tremendous interest as potential sensing materials for the gas sensor development. Being composed entirely of ions and with a broad structural and functional diversity, i.e., bifunctional (organic/inorganic), biphasic (solid/liquid) and dual-property (solvent/electrolyte), they have the complementing attributes and the required variability to allow a systematic design process across many sensing components to enhance sensing capability especially for miniaturized sensor system implementation. The emphasis of this review is to describe molecular design and control of IL interface materials to provide selective and reproducible response and to synergistically integrate IL sensing materials with low cost and low power electrochemical, piezoelectric/QCM and optical transducers to address many gas detection challenges (e.g., sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, speed, stability, cost, sensor miniaturization, and robustness). We further show examples to justify the importance of understanding the mechanisms and principles of physicochemical and electrochemical reactions in ILs and then link those concepts to developing new sensing methods and approaches. By doing this, we hope to stimulate further research towards the fundamental understanding of the sensing mechanisms and new sensor system development and integration, using simple sensing designs and flexible sensor structures both in terms of scientific operation and user interface that can be miniaturized and interfaced with modern wireless monitoring technologies to achieve specifications heretofore unavailable on current markets for the next generation of gas sensor applications.
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5
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Xiao C, Rehman A, Zeng X. Evaluation of the dynamic electrochemical stability of ionic liquid–metal interfaces against reactive oxygen species using an in situ electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00396b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic interactions between the electrochemically generated superoxide radical (O2˙−) and three structurally different ionic liquids (ILs) were characterized using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Xiao
- Department of Chemistry
- Oakland University
- Rochester
- USA
| | - Abdul Rehman
- Department of Chemistry
- Oakland University
- Rochester
- USA
| | - Xiangqun Zeng
- Department of Chemistry
- Oakland University
- Rochester
- USA
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6
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Kaintz A, Baker G, Benesi A, Maroncelli M. Solute diffusion in ionic liquids, NMR measurements and comparisons to conventional solvents. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:11697-708. [PMID: 23968276 DOI: 10.1021/jp405393d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion coefficients of a variety of dilute solutes in the series of 1-alkyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imides ([Prn1][Tf2N], n = 3, 4, 6, 8, and 10), trihexyltetracedecylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [P14,666][Tf2N], and assorted imidazolium ionic liquids are measured using pulsed field gradient (1)H NMR. These data, combined with available literature data, are used to try to uncover the solute and solvent characteristics most important in determining tracer diffusion rates. Discussion is framed in terms of departures from simple hydrodynamic predictions for translational friction using the ratio ζobs/ζSE, where ζobs is the observed friction, determined from the measured diffusion coefficient D via ζobs = kBT/D, and ζSE = 6πηR is the Stokes friction on a sphere of radius R (determined from the solute van der Waals volume) in a solvent with viscosity η. In the case of neutral solutes, the primary determinant of whether hydrodynamic predictions are accurate is the relative size of solute versus solvent molecules. A single correlation, albeit with considerable scatter, is found between ζobs/ζSE and the ratio of solute-to-solvent van der Waals volumes, ζobs/ζSE = {1 + a(VU/VV)(-p)}, with constants a = 1.93 and p = 1.88. In the case of small solutes, the observed friction is over 100-fold smaller than predictions of hydrodynamic models. The dipole moment of the solute has little effect on the friction, whereas solute charge has a marked effect. For monovalent solutes of size comparable to or smaller than the solvent ions, the observed friction is comparable to or even greater than what is predicted by hydrodynamics. These general trends are shown to be quite similar to what is observed for tracer diffusion in conventional solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kaintz
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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7
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Cannes C, Le Naour C, Moisy P, Guilbaud P. Specific Interaction between Uranium Anionic Complexes and the Cations of Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide Based Ionic Liquids. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:11218-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4014653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cannes
- Institut
de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Claire Le Naour
- Institut
de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud 11, 91406 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Moisy
- CEA, Nuclear Energy Division, Radiochemistry & Processes Department, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
| | - Philippe Guilbaud
- CEA, Nuclear Energy Division, Radiochemistry & Processes Department, 30207 Bagnols sur Cèze, France
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8
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Hayyan M, Mjalli FS, Hashim MA, AlNashef IM. An investigation of the reaction between 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate and superoxide ion. J Mol Liq 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Bhat MA, Konar A, Ingole PP, Pandith AH. Unusual aspects of ion-pairing effects in room temperature ionic liquids. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pune; Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
- Department of Chemistry; University of Kashmir; Srinagar 190006 India
| | - Arkaprabha Konar
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pune; Ganeshkhind Pune 411007 India
| | - Pravin P. Ingole
- Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry; Technical University of Dresden; Bergstrasse 66b 01062 Dresden Germany
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Hayyan M, Mjalli FS, AlNashef IM, Hashim MA. Generation and stability of superoxide ion in tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate anion-based ionic liquids. J Fluor Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2012.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Hayyan M, Mjalli FS, Hashim MA, AlNashef IM. Generation of Superoxide Ion in Pyridinium, Morpholinium, Ammonium, and Sulfonium-Based Ionic Liquids and the Application in the Destruction of Toxic Chlorinated Phenols. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3006879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maan Hayyan
- University
of Malaya Centre
for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farouq S. Mjalli
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering
Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat
123, Oman
| | - Mohd Ali Hashim
- University
of Malaya Centre
for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Inas M. AlNashef
- Chemical Engineering
Department, King Saud University, Riyadh
11421, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Wang SM, Cheng HH, Lai KF, Cheng SH. Surface redox-mediated dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide probes based on ionic liquids covalently bound with catechol functionality. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Correlations between electrochemical behaviors and DNA photooxidative properties of non-steroïdal anti-inflammatory drugs and their photoproducts. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2012; 110:34-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2012.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Zhao SF, Lu JX, Bond AM, Zhang J. Remarkable sensitivity of the electrochemical reduction of benzophenone to proton availability in ionic liquids. Chemistry 2012; 18:5290-301. [PMID: 22422606 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201103365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The reduction of benzophenone was investigated in five different ionic liquids by using transient cyclic voltammetry, near steady-state voltammetry, and numerical simulation. Two reversible, well-resolved one-electron-reduction processes were observed in dry (≤20 ppm water, ca. 1 mM)) 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Bmpyrd][NTf(2)]) and 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Bmpipd][NTf(2)]), which did not contain any readily available proton source. Upon addition of water, the second process became chemically irreversible and shifted to a more positive potential by approximately 600 mV; moreover, the two reduction processes merged into a single two-electron proton-coupled process when about 0.6 M H(2)O was present. This large dependence of potential on water content, which was not observed in molecular solvents (electrolyte), was explained by a reaction mechanism that incorporated protonation and hydrogen-bonding interactions of the benzophenone dianion with as many as seven water molecules. In the three imidazolium-based ionic liquids used herein, the first benzophenone-reduction process was again reversible, whilst the second reduction process became chemically irreversible owing to the availability of the C2-H imidazolium protons in these ionic liquids. The reversible potentials for benzophenone reduction were remarkably independent of the identity of the ionic liquids, thereby implying either weak interactions with the ionic liquids or relatively insignificant differences in the levels of ion-pairing. Thus, the magnitude of the separation of the potentials of the reversible first and irreversible second reduction processes mainly reflected the proton availability from either the ionic liquid itself or from adventitious water. Consequently, voltammetric reduction of benzophenone provides a sensitive tool for the determination of proton availability in ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Feng Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800 Australia
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15
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Zhao SF, Lu JX, Bond AM, Zhang J. Voltammetric studies in “wet” 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquid using electrodes with adhered microparticles. Electrochem commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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16
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Gomis-Berenguer A, Gómez-Mingot M, Montiel V, Canals A, Thiemann T, Kadara RO, Banks CE, Iniesta J. Exploring the electrochemical behavior of screen printed graphite electrodes in a room temperature ionic liquid. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20927f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Castner EW, Margulis CJ, Maroncelli M, Wishart JF. Ionic liquids: structure and photochemical reactions. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2011; 62:85-105. [PMID: 21091193 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-032210-103421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids are subjects of intense current interest within the physical chemistry community. A great deal of progress has been made in just the past five years toward identifying the factors that cause these salts to have low melting points and other useful properties. Supramolecular structure and organization have emerged as important and complicated topics that may be key to understanding how chemical reactions and other processes are affected by ionic liquids. New questions are posed, and an active debate is ongoing regarding the nature of nanoscale ordering in ionic liquids. The topic of reactivity in ionic liquids is still relatively unexplored; however, the results that have been obtained indicate that distributed kinetics and dynamical heterogeneity may sometimes, but not always, be influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward W Castner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8066, USA.
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18
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Electrochemical reduction of dioxygen in Bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide based ionic liquids. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2011.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Doherty A, Diaconu L, Marley E, Spedding PL, Barhdadi R, Troupel M. Application of clean technologies using electrochemistry in ionic liquids. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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The nature of associates of 1,4-dinitrobenzene dianion with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethylimidazolium cations. Russ Chem Bull 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-009-0233-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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The electrochemical reduction of the purines guanine and adenine at platinum electrodes in several room temperature ionic liquids. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 659:115-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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André F, Hapiot P, Lagrost C. Dimerization of ion radicals in ionic liquids. An example of favourable “Coulombic” solvation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:7506-12. [DOI: 10.1039/b920552g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Mikhalchenko LV, Mendkovich AS, Syroeshkin MA, Gul’tyai VP. Kinetics of the 1,3-dinitrobenzene dianion protonation with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cations. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2009.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Zigah D, Ghilane J, Lagrost C, Hapiot P. Variations of Diffusion Coefficients of Redox Active Molecules in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids upon Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:14952-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8055625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dodzi Zigah
- Université de Rennes 1, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (Equipe MaCSE), CNRS, UMR 6226 Campus de Beaulieu. Bat 10C. 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, Université Denis Diderot - Itodys, and CNRS, UMR 7086. 1 rue Guy de la Brosse, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jalal Ghilane
- Université de Rennes 1, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (Equipe MaCSE), CNRS, UMR 6226 Campus de Beaulieu. Bat 10C. 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, Université Denis Diderot - Itodys, and CNRS, UMR 7086. 1 rue Guy de la Brosse, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Corinne Lagrost
- Université de Rennes 1, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (Equipe MaCSE), CNRS, UMR 6226 Campus de Beaulieu. Bat 10C. 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, Université Denis Diderot - Itodys, and CNRS, UMR 7086. 1 rue Guy de la Brosse, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Hapiot
- Université de Rennes 1, Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (Equipe MaCSE), CNRS, UMR 6226 Campus de Beaulieu. Bat 10C. 35042 Rennes Cedex, France, Université Denis Diderot - Itodys, and CNRS, UMR 7086. 1 rue Guy de la Brosse, 75005 Paris, France
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Gulaboski R. Surface ECE mechanism in protein film voltammetry—a theoretical study under conditions of square-wave voltammetry. J Solid State Electrochem 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-008-0665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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28
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Hapiot P, Lagrost C. Electrochemical Reactivity in Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2008; 108:2238-64. [DOI: 10.1021/cr0680686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 996] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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