1
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Yang C, Ladd-Parada M, Nam K, Jeong S, You S, Späh A, Pathak H, Eklund T, Lane TJ, Lee JH, Eom I, Kim M, Amann-Winkel K, Perakis F, Nilsson A, Kim KH. Melting domain size and recrystallization dynamics of ice revealed by time-resolved x-ray scattering. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3313. [PMID: 37316494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The phase transition between water and ice is ubiquitous and one of the most important phenomena in nature. Here, we performed time-resolved x-ray scattering experiments capturing the melting and recrystallization dynamics of ice. The ultrafast heating of ice I is induced by an IR laser pulse and probed with an intense x-ray pulse which provided us with direct structural information on different length scales. From the wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS) patterns, the molten fraction, as well as the corresponding temperature at each delay, were determined. The small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns, together with the information extracted from the WAXS analysis, provided the time-dependent change of the size and the number of liquid domains. The results show partial melting (~13%) and superheating of ice occurring at around 20 ns. After 100 ns, the average size of the liquid domains grows from about 2.5 nm to 4.5 nm by the coalescence of approximately six adjacent domains. Subsequently, we capture the recrystallization of the liquid domains, which occurs on microsecond timescales due to the cooling by heat dissipation and results to a decrease of the average liquid domain size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolhee Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Marjorie Ladd-Parada
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemistry Department, Glyscoscience Division, Kungliga Tekniska Högskola, Roslagstullsbacken 21, 11421, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyeongmin Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonju You
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexander Späh
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harshad Pathak
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Eklund
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas J Lane
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Jae Hyuk Lee
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Intae Eom
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, POSTECH, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Moritz C, Geissler PL, Dellago C. The microscopic mechanism of bulk melting of ice. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:124501. [PMID: 34598556 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We study the initial stages of homogeneous melting of a hexagonal ice crystal at coexistence and at moderate superheating. Our trajectory-based computer simulation approach provides a comprehensive picture of the events that lead to melting, from the initial accumulation of 5+7 defects, via the formation of L-D and interstitial-vacancy pairs, to the formation of a liquid nucleus. Of the different types of defects that we observe to be involved in melting, a particular kind of 5+7 type defect (type 5) plays a prominent role as it often forms prior to the formation of the initial liquid nucleus and close to the site where the nucleus forms. Hence, like other solids, ice homogeneously melts via the prior accumulation of defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Moritz
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Phillip L Geissler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christoph Dellago
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Fanetti S, Falsini N, Bartolini P, Citroni M, Lapini A, Taschin A, Bini R. Superheating and Homogeneous Melting Dynamics of Bulk Ice. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4517-4522. [PMID: 31342749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Homogeneous melting of crystals is a complex multistep process involving the formation of transient states at temperatures considerably higher than the melting point. The nature and persistence of these metastable structures are intimately connected to the melting process, and a precise definition of the temporal boundaries of these phenomena is not yet available. We set up a specifically designed experiment to probe by transient infrared absorption spectroscopy the entire dynamics, ranging from tens of picoseconds to microseconds, of superheating and melting of an ice crystal. In spite of a large excess of energy provided, only about 30% of the micrometric crystal liquefies in the first 20-25 ns because of the long persistence of the superheated metastable phase that extends for more than 100 ns. This behavior is ascribed to the population of low-energy states that trap a large amount of energy, favoring the formation of a metastable, likely plastic, ice phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Fanetti
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) , via Nello Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- ICCOM, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici , Via Madonna del Piano 10 , I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Firenze , Italy
| | - Naomi Falsini
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) , via Nello Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Paolo Bartolini
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) , via Nello Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Margherita Citroni
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) , via Nello Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Andrea Lapini
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) , via Nello Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- INRIM, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica , Strada delle Cacce 91 , I-10135 Torino , Italy
| | - Andrea Taschin
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) , via Nello Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- ENEA, Centro Ricerche Frascati , Via E. Fermi 45 , I-00044 Frascati Roma , Italy
| | - Roberto Bini
- European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS) , via Nello Carrara 1 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- ICCOM, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici , Via Madonna del Piano 10 , I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino , Firenze , Italy
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Ugo Schiff" , Università di Firenze , via della Lastruccia 3 , 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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4
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Abstract
How does a crystal melt? How long does it take for melt nuclei to grow? The melting mechanisms have been addressed by several theoretical and experimental works, covering a subnanosecond time window with sample sizes of tens of nanometers and thus suitable to determine the onset of the process but unable to unveil the following dynamics. On the other hand, macroscopic observations of phase transitions, with millisecond or longer time resolution, account for processes occurring at surfaces and time limited by thermal contact with the environment. Here, we fill the gap between these two extremes, investigating the melting of ice in the entire mesoscopic regime. A bulk ice I h or ice VI sample is homogeneously heated by a picosecond infrared pulse, which delivers all of the energy necessary for complete melting. The evolution of melt/ice interfaces thereafter is monitored by Mie scattering with nanosecond resolution, for all of the time needed for the sample to reequilibrate. The growth of the liquid domains, over distances of micrometers, takes hundreds of nanoseconds, a time orders of magnitude larger than expected from simple H-bond dynamics.
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5
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Zimmermann NER, Vorselaars B, Quigley D, Peters B. Nucleation of NaCl from Aqueous Solution: Critical Sizes, Ion-Attachment Kinetics, and Rates. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:13352-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b08098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart Vorselaars
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
| | - David Quigley
- Department
of Physics and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, U.K
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6
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Direct observation of liquid nucleus growth in homogeneous melting of colloidal crystals. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6942. [PMID: 25897801 PMCID: PMC4411290 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth behaviour of liquid nucleus is crucial for crystal melting, but its kinetics is difficult to predict and remains challenging in experiment. Here we directly observed the growth of individual liquid nuclei in homogeneous melting of three-dimensional superheated colloidal crystals with single-particle dynamics by video microscopy. The growth rate of nucleus at weak superheating is well fitted by generalizing the Wilson–Frenkel law of crystallization to melting and including the surface tension effects and non-spherical-shape effects. As the degree of superheating increases, the growth rate is enhanced by nucleus shape fluctuation, nuclei coalescence and multimer attachment. The results provide new guidance for the refinement of nucleation theory, especially for the poorly understood strong-superheating regime. The universal Lindemann parameter observed at the superheat limit and solid–liquid interfaces indicates a connection between homogeneous and heterogeneous melting. Monitoring crystal melting at a single-atom level is challenging because of the small spatial and temporal scales involved, especially for a bulk process. Wang et al. report the melting dynamics of a colloidal crystal with emphasis on the growth of critical nuclei upon different degrees of superheating.
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7
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Cziko PA, DeVries AL, Evans CW, Cheng CHC. Antifreeze protein-induced superheating of ice inside Antarctic notothenioid fishes inhibits melting during summer warming. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:14583-8. [PMID: 25246548 PMCID: PMC4209995 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1410256111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) of polar marine teleost fishes are widely recognized as an evolutionary innovation of vast adaptive value in that, by adsorbing to and inhibiting the growth of internalized environmental ice crystals, they prevent death by inoculative freezing. Paradoxically, systemic accumulation of AFP-stabilized ice could also be lethal. Whether or how fishes eliminate internal ice is unknown. To investigate if ice inside high-latitude Antarctic notothenioid fishes could melt seasonally, we measured its melting point and obtained a decadal temperature record from a shallow benthic fish habitat in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. We found that AFP-stabilized ice resists melting at temperatures above the expected equilibrium freezing/melting point (eqFMP), both in vitro and in vivo. Superheated ice was directly observed in notothenioid serum samples and in solutions of purified AFPs, and ice was found to persist inside live fishes at temperatures more than 1 °C above their eqFMP for at least 24 h, and at a lower temperature for at least several days. Field experiments confirmed that superheated ice occurs naturally inside wild fishes. Over the long-term record (1999-2012), seawater temperature surpassed the fish eqFMP in most summers, but never exceeded the highest temperature at which ice persisted inside experimental fishes. Thus, because of the effects of AFP-induced melting inhibition, summer warming may not reliably eliminate internal ice. Our results expose a potentially antagonistic pleiotropic effect of AFPs: beneficial freezing avoidance is accompanied by melting inhibition that may contribute to lifelong accumulation of detrimental internal ice crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Cziko
- Department of Biology, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403;
| | - Arthur L DeVries
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; and
| | - Clive W Evans
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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8
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Vöhringer-Martinez E, Link O, Lugovoy E, Siefermann KR, Wiederschein F, Grubmüller H, Abel B. Hydrogen bond dynamics of superheated water and methanol by ultrafast IR-pump and EUV-photoelectron probe spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:19365-75. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02063d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Snapshot of superheated water 40 ps after fs-IR laser excitation; representative aggregates formed during the simulation (close-up) compared to one obtained from superheated methanol phase (inset).
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Vöhringer-Martinez
- Departamento de Físico-Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad de Concepción
- Concepción, Chile
| | - O. Link
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie
- Georg August Universität Göttingen
- Göttingen, Germany
| | - E. Lugovoy
- Leibniz-Institute of Surface Modification (IOM)
- 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Leipzig
- 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - K. R. Siefermann
- Leibniz-Institute of Surface Modification (IOM)
- 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - F. Wiederschein
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie
- 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - H. Grubmüller
- Max-Planck-Institut für biophysikalische Chemie
- 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - B. Abel
- Leibniz-Institute of Surface Modification (IOM)
- 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Universität Leipzig
- 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Windmeier C, Oellrich LR. Theoretical Study of Gas Hydrate Decomposition Kinetics—Model Development. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10151-61. [PMID: 23964744 DOI: 10.1021/jp403471b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Windmeier
- Institut
für Technische
Thermodynamik und Kältetechnik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lothar R. Oellrich
- Institut
für Technische
Thermodynamik und Kältetechnik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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10
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11
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12
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Abstract
It has been argued that for antifreeze proteins (AFPs) to stop ice crystal growth, they must irreversibly bind to the ice surface. Surface-adsorbed AFPs should also prevent ice from melting, but to date this has been demonstrated only in a qualitative manner. Here we present the first quantitative measurements of superheating of ice in AFP solutions. Superheated ice crystals were stable for hours above their equilibrium melting point, and the maximum superheating obtained was 0.44 degrees C. When melting commenced in this superheated regime, rapid melting of the crystals from a point on the surface was observed. This increase in melting temperature was more appreciable for hyperactive AFPs compared to the AFPs with moderate antifreeze activity. For each of the AFP solutions that exhibited superheating, the enhancement of the melting temperature was far smaller than the depression of the freezing temperature. The present findings clearly show that AFPs adsorb to ice surfaces as part of their mechanism of action, and this absorption leads to protection of ice against melting as well as freezing.
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13
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Pandelov S, Pilles BM, Werhahn JC, Iglev H. Time-Resolved Dynamics of the OH Stretching Vibration in Aqueous NaCl Hydrate. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:10184-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp904558m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Pandelov
- Physik-Department E11, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bert M. Pilles
- Physik-Department E11, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jasper C. Werhahn
- Physik-Department E11, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Hristo Iglev
- Physik-Department E11, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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14
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Ordered water structure at hydrophobic graphite interfaces observed by 4D, ultrafast electron crystallography. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:4122-6. [PMID: 19246378 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812409106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfacial water has unique properties in various functions. Here, using 4-dimensional (4D), ultrafast electron crystallography with atomic-scale spatial and temporal resolution, we report study of structure and dynamics of interfacial water assembly on a hydrophobic surface. Structurally, vertically stacked bilayers on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface were determined to be ordered, contrary to the expectation that the strong hydrogen bonding of water on hydrophobic surfaces would dominate with suppressed interfacial order. Because of its terrace morphology, graphite plays the role of a template. The dynamics is also surprising. After the excitation of graphite by an ultrafast infrared pulse, the interfacial ice structure undergoes nonequilibrium "phase transformation" identified in the hydrogen-bond network through the observation of structural isosbestic point. We provide the time scales involved, the nature of ice-graphite structural dynamics, and relevance to properties related to confined water.
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15
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Abstract
The melting of ice under pressure is investigated with a series of first-principles molecular dynamics simulations. In particular, a two-phase approach is used to determine the melting temperature of the ice-VII phase in the range of 10-50 GPa. Our computed melting temperatures are consistent with existing diamond anvil cell experiments. We find that for pressures between 10 and 40 GPa, ice melts as a molecular solid. For pressures above approximately 45 Gpa, there is a sharp increase in the slope of the melting curve because of the presence of molecular dissociation and proton diffusion in the solid before melting. The onset of significant proton diffusion in ice-VII as a function of increasing temperature is found to be gradual and bears many similarities to that of a type-II superionic solid.
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16
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Spoel DVD, Maia FRNC, Caleman C. Structural studies of melting on the picosecond time scale. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:6344-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b807550f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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