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Improved Recovery and Selectivity of Lanthanide-Ion-Binding Cyclic Peptide Hosts by Changing the Position of Acidic Amino Acids. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of an effective host molecule to separate lanthanide (Ln) ions and a method for predicting its guest recognition/self-assembly behavior based on primary chemical structures are highly sought after in both academia and industry. Herein, we report the improvement of one-pot Ln ion recovery and a performance prediction method for four new cyclic peptide hosts that differ in the position of acidic amino acids. These cyclic peptide hosts could recognize Ln3+ directly through a 1:1 complexation–precipitation process and exhibited high Lu3+ selectivity in spite of similar ion size and electronegativity when the positions of the acidic amino acids were changed. This unpredictable selectivity was explained by considering the dipole moment, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital, and cohesion energy. In addition, a semi-empirical function using these parameters was proposed for screening the sequence and estimating the isolated yields without long-time molecular dynamics calculations. The insights obtained from this study can be employed for the development of high-performance peptides for the selective recovery of Ln and other metal ions, as well as for the construction of diverse supramolecular recognition systems.
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2
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The chemistry, recent advancements and activity descriptors for macrocycles based electrocatalysts in oxygen reduction reaction. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.213047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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3
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Shin JW. Experimental and computational studies of monovalent metal cation-peptide interactions in [ M·GlyGlyHis] + ( M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Ag) complexes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2019; 25:445-450. [PMID: 31242042 DOI: 10.1177/1469066719859571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
[M·GlyGlyHis]+ (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Ag) complexes were generated using the electrospray ionization method and were subjected to collision-induced dissociation. Metal ion loss is the primary dissociation channel for [Cs·GlyGlyHis]+ whereas other complexes yield metal-bound peptide sequence ions and dehydrated ions as the main products. [Li·GlyGlyHis]+ and [Ag·GlyGlyHis]+ also generate product ions that are not observed for other complexes. Density functional theory calculations suggest that metal ion-peptide ligand interaction occurs through covalent interactions in [Li·GlyGlyHis]+ and [Ag·GlyGlyHis]+, and through electrostatic attraction in [Na·GlyGlyHis]+, [K·GlyGlyHis]+, [Rb·GlyGlyHis]+, and [Cs·GlyGlyHis]+. The calculations also suggest that fragmentation behavior of these complexes is affected by charge transfer to the ligand and ion-ligand interaction energy, and to a lesser extent by the ion size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joong-Won Shin
- Division of Science, Mathematics, and Technology, Governors State University, University Park 60484-0975, IL, USA
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4
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Wang Y, Lai CK, Lau JKC, Hopkinson AC, Siu KWM. Structures and Dissociation Products of Ce/Peptide Complexes: Competition between Coordination and Charge Delocalization. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:5229-5237. [PMID: 31242740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b03098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structures of [Ce(GGG)]3+ and [Ce(GGG ? H)]2+ have been investigated by DFT calculations. The two lowest-energy structures of the triply charged metal complex have the peptide in either the iminol or conventional zwitterionic form, and these ions have almost identical energies. In the doubly charged complex, the iminol and charge-solvated structures are the best structures on the potential energy surface, but the latter is favored. In both iminol structures, the metal ion coordinates to the iminol oxygen rather than to the nitrogen, unlike in previously reported iminol-containing complexes. Triply charged [Ce(peptide)]3+ complexes are fragile and not easily isolated in a mass spectrometer, whereas the doubly charged [Ce(peptide ? H)]2+ complexes are more robust. Here, we studied the fragmentations of 37 [Ce(peptide ? H)]2+ and 30 [Ce(peptide)(peptide ? H)]2+ complexes and the results are systematically summarized. Losses of CO and/or H2O are the most commonly observed fragmentation channels for [Ce(peptide ? H)]2+ complexes and these dissociation pathways are modeled by DFT calculations. For [Ce(peptide)(peptide ? H)]2+ complexes the neutral peptide plays the role of a solvent molecule but, unlike in the dissociations of [Ce(CH3CN)(peptide ? H)]2+ complexes, the loss of the solvent molecule is not observed. Instead, fragmentation occurs by cleavage of the second amide bond of the solvating peptide molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry , York University , 4700 Keele Street , Toronto , Ontario M3J 1P3 , Canada
| | - Cheuk-Kuen Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry , York University , 4700 Keele Street , Toronto , Ontario M3J 1P3 , Canada
| | - Justin Kai-Chi Lau
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry , York University , 4700 Keele Street , Toronto , Ontario M3J 1P3 , Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
| | - Alan C Hopkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry , York University , 4700 Keele Street , Toronto , Ontario M3J 1P3 , Canada
| | - K W Michael Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry , York University , 4700 Keele Street , Toronto , Ontario M3J 1P3 , Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Windsor , 401 Sunset Avenue , Windsor , Ontario N9B 3P4 , Canada
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Chen X, Li Q, Gong Y. Formation and Characterization of Zr 4+ Stabilized by Neutral Tridentate Ligands in the Gas Phase. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 29:2327-2332. [PMID: 30141129 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-018-2057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ligated tetrapositive metal ions are rare gas-phase species which tend to form complexes with lower charges due to the high 4th ionization energies of metals. We report the observation of tetrapositive Zr(TMPDA)34+ and Zr(TMOGA)34+ complexes in the gas phase by electrospray ionization of Zr(ClO4)4/TMPDA and Zr(ClO4)4/TMOGA mixtures. The Zr4+ center in both complexes is coordinated by nine atoms from three neutral diamide ligands forming nine-coordinate twisted tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry on the basis of DFT calculations. Collision-induced dissociation of both complexes resulted in the loss of protonated ligands to form tripositive Zr(TMPDA)(TMPDA-H)3+ and Zr(TMOGA)(TMOGA-H)3+ products which retain the IV oxidation state of zirconium at the cost of charge reduction from 4+ to 3+ of the whole complexes. The very high 4th ionization energy of zirconium (34.34 eV) makes tetrapositive zirconium complex the most challenging tetracation to be stabilized against charge reduction in the gas phase to date. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Chen
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingnuan Li
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
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6
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Commodore JJ, Cassady CJ. The Effects of Trivalent Lanthanide Cationization on the Electron Transfer Dissociation of Acidic Fibrinopeptide B and its Analogs. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:1499-509. [PMID: 27294379 PMCID: PMC4974135 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrospray ionization (ESI) on mixtures of acidic fibrinopeptide B and two peptide analogs with trivalent lanthanide salts generates [M + Met + H](4+), [M + Met](3+), and [M + Met -H](2+), where M = peptide and Met = metal (except radioactive promethium). These ions undergo extensive and highly efficient electron transfer dissociation (ETD) to form metallated and non-metallated c- and z-ions. All metal adducted product ions contain at least two acidic sites, which suggest attachment of the lanthanide cation at the side chains of one or more acidic residues. The three peptides undergo similar fragmentation. ETD on [M + Met + H](4+) leads to cleavage at every residue; the presence of both a metal ion and an extra proton is very effective in promoting sequence-informative fragmentation. Backbone dissociation of [M + Met](3+) is also extensive, although cleavage does not always occur between adjacent glutamic acid residues. For [M + Met - H ](2+), a more limited range of product ions form. All lanthanide metal peptide complexes display similar fragmentation except for europium (Eu). ETD on [M + Eu - H](2+) and [M + Eu](3+) yields a limited amount of peptide backbone cleavage; however, [M + Eu + H](4+) dissociates extensively with cleavage at every residue. With the exception of the results for Eu(III), metallated peptide ion formation by ESI, ETD fragmentation efficiencies, and product ion formation are unaffected by the identity of the lanthanide cation. Adduction with trivalent lanthanide metal ions is a promising tool for sequence analysis of acidic peptides by ETD. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolyn J Cassady
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
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7
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Moghaddam MB, Fridgen TD. Structures, Unimolecular Fragmentations, and Reactivities of the Self-Assembled Multimetallic/Peptide Complexes [Mnn(GlyGly-H)2n−1]+and [Mnn+1(GlyGly-H)2n]2+. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:2181-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Travis D. Fridgen
- Department of Chemistry; Memorial University; St. John's NL A1N 4T8 Canada
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8
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Gas-Phase Ion Chemistry of Rare Earths and Actinides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63256-2.00263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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9
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Banu L, Blagojevic V, Bohme DK. Locating Pb2+ and Zn2+ in zinc finger-like peptides using mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1534-1542. [PMID: 23907592 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0682-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The binding preferences of Pb(2+)and Zn(2+) in doubly charged complexes with zinc finger-like 12-residue peptides (Pep), [Mn(Pep-2(n-1)H)](2+) have been explored using tandem mass spectrometry. The peptides were synthesized strategically by blocking the N-terminus with an acetyl group and with four cysteine and/or histidine residues in positions 2, 5, 8, and 11, arranged in different motifs: CCHH, CHCH, and CCCC. The MS(2) spectra of the Pb(2+) and Zn(2+) complexes show multiple losses of water and a single methane loss and these provide a sensitive method for locating the metal dication and so elucidating its coordination. The elimination of a methane molecule indicated the position of the metal at the Cys2 residue. Whereas lead was observed to preferentially bind to cysteine residues, zinc was found to primarily bind to histidine residues and secondarily to cysteine residues. Preferential binding of lead to cysteine is preserved in the complexes with more than one Pb(2+). Key to the mechanism of the loss of water and methane is the metal dication withdrawing electrons from the proximal amidic nitrogen. This acidic nitrogen loses its hydrogen to an amidic oxygen situated four atoms away leading to formation of a five-member ring and the elimination of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Banu
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
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10
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Gong Y, Hu HS, Tian G, Rao L, Li J, Gibson JK. A Tetrapositive Metal Ion in the Gas Phase: Thorium(IV) Coordinated by Neutral Tridentate Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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11
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Dunbar RC, Oomens J, Berden G, Lau JKC, Verkerk UH, Hopkinson AC, Siu KWM. Metal Ion Complexes with HisGly: Comparison with PhePhe and PheGly. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:5335-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4021917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Dunbar
- Chemistry
Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106,
United States
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Facility, Toernooiveld 7, 6525
ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- University of Amsterdam, Science Park
904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Facility, Toernooiveld 7, 6525
ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Justin Kai-Chi Lau
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Udo H. Verkerk
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Alan C. Hopkinson
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - K. W. Michael Siu
- Department of Chemistry and
Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
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12
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Gong Y, Hu HS, Tian G, Rao L, Li J, Gibson JK. A Tetrapositive Metal Ion in the Gas Phase: Thorium(IV) Coordinated by Neutral Tridentate Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:6885-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Flick TG, Donald WA, Williams ER. Electron capture dissociation of trivalent metal ion-peptide complexes. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:193-201. [PMID: 23283726 PMCID: PMC3570592 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0507-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/16/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With electrospray ionization from aqueous solutions, trivalent metal ions readily adduct to small peptides resulting in formation of predominantly (peptide + M(T) - H)(2+), where M(T) = La, Tm, Lu, Sm, Ho, Yb, Pm, Tb, or Eu, for peptides with molecular weights below ~1000 Da, and predominantly (peptide + M(T))(3+) for larger peptides. ECD of (peptide + M(T) - H)(2+) results in extensive fragmentation from which nearly complete sequence information can be obtained, even for peptides for which only singly protonated ions are formed in the absence of the metal ions. ECD of these doubly charged complexes containing M(T) results in significantly higher electron capture efficiency and sequence coverage than peptide-divalent metal ion complexes that have the same net charge. Formation of salt-bridge structures in which the metal ion coordinates to a carboxylate group are favored even for (peptide + M(T))(3+). ECD of these latter complexes for large peptides results in electron capture by the protonation site located remotely from the metal ion and predominantly c/z fragments for all metals, except Eu(3+), which undergoes a one electron reduction and only loss of small neutral molecules and b/y fragments are formed. These results indicate that solvation of the metal ion in these complexes is extensive, which results in the electrochemical properties of these metal ions being similar in both the peptide environment and in bulk water.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Evan R. Williams
- Address reprint requests to Prof. Evan R. Williams: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Latimer Hall #1460, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, Phone: 510-643-7161, Fax: (510) 542-7714,
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14
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Reactivity of [Ba(H2O)n⩽2]2+ with neutral molecules in the gas-phase: An experimental and DFT study. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Lamshöft M, Ivanova B. Protonation and coordination ability of small peptides – theoretical and experimental approaches for elucidation. J COORD CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2011.598926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Lamshöft
- a Institute of Environmental Research of the Faculty of Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Bojidarka Ivanova
- a Institute of Environmental Research of the Faculty of Chemistry, Dortmund University of Technology , Otto-Hahn-Str. 6, D-44227 Dortmund, Germany
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Pape J, McQuinn K, Hof F, McIndoe JS. Blurring the line between solution and the gas phase: collision-induced dissociation of hypersolvated lanthanide trications provides insights into solution acidity. NEW J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20105k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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17
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Prell JS, Flick TG, Oomens J, Berden G, Williams ER. Coordination of Trivalent Metal Cations to Peptides: Results from IRMPD Spectroscopy and Theory. J Phys Chem A 2009; 114:854-60. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James S. Prell
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen,” Edisonbaan 14, 3439 MN Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Tawnya G. Flick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen,” Edisonbaan 14, 3439 MN Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen,” Edisonbaan 14, 3439 MN Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Giel Berden
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen,” Edisonbaan 14, 3439 MN Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Evan R. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, FOM Institute for Plasma Physics “Rijnhuizen,” Edisonbaan 14, 3439 MN Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
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Zhao J, Siu CK, Shi T, Hopkinson AC, Siu KWM. Abundant Dipositively Charged Protonated a2 and a3 Ions from Diproline and Triproline. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:4963-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp900767k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junfang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Chi-Kit Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Tujin Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - Alan C. Hopkinson
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
| | - K. W. Michael Siu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Research in Mass Spectrometry, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3
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Shi T, Siu CK, Siu K, Hopkinson A. Dipositively Charged Protonated a3and a2Ions: Generation by Fragmentation of [La(GGG)(CH3CN)2]3+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:8288-91. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200802272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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20
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Shi T, Siu CK, Siu K, Hopkinson A. Dipositively Charged Protonated a 3and a 2Ions: Generation by Fragmentation of [La(GGG)(CH 3CN) 2] 3+. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200802272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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