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Son T, Kim M, Choi M, Nam SH, Yoo A, Lee H, Han EH, Hong KS, Park HS. Advancing fluorescence imaging: enhanced control of cyanine dye-doped silica nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:347. [PMID: 38898529 PMCID: PMC11188253 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) have immense potential in biomedical research, particularly in drug delivery and imaging applications, owing to their stability and minimal interactions with biological entities such as tissues or cells. RESULTS With synthesized and characterized cyanine-dye-doped fluorescent SNPs (CSNPs) using cyanine 3.5, 5.5, and 7 (Cy3.5, Cy5.5, and Cy7). Through systematic analysis, we discerned variations in the surface charge and fluorescence properties of the nanoparticles contingent on the encapsulated dye-(3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane conjugate, while their size and shape remained constant. The fluorescence emission spectra exhibited a redshift correlated with increasing dye concentration, which was attributed to cascade energy transfer and self-quenching effects. Additionally, the fluorescence signal intensity showed a linear relationship with the particle concentration, particularly at lower dye equivalents, indicating a robust performance suitable for imaging applications. In vitro assessments revealed negligible cytotoxicity and efficient cellular uptake of the nanoparticles, enabling long-term tracking and imaging. Validation through in vivo imaging in mice underscored the versatility and efficacy of CSNPs, showing single-switching imaging capabilities and linear signal enhancement within subcutaneous tissue environment. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable insights for designing fluorescence imaging and optimizing nanoparticle-based applications in biomedical research, with potential implications for targeted drug delivery and in vivo imaging of tissue structures and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taewoong Son
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ochang Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseo Kim
- Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Nanospectroscopic Imaging, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsuk Choi
- Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Nanospectroscopic Imaging, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hwan Nam
- Laboratory of Nanophotonics & Nanospectroscopic Imaging, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ara Yoo
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ochang Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseung Lee
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ochang Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Han
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ochang Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea
- Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ochang Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hye Sun Park
- Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Ochang Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Cheongju, 28119, Republic of Korea.
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Ito A, Iwamura M, Sakuda E. Excited-state dynamics of luminescent transition metal complexes with metallophilic and donor–acceptor interactions. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Zederkof DB, Møller KB, Nielsen MM, Haldrup K, González L, Mai S. Resolving Femtosecond Solvent Reorganization Dynamics in an Iron Complex by Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12861-12873. [PMID: 35776920 PMCID: PMC9305979 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c04505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
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The ultrafast dynamical
response of solute–solvent interactions
plays a key role in transition metal complexes, where charge transfer
states are ubiquitous. Nonetheless, there exist very few excited-state
simulations of transition metal complexes in solution. Here, we carry
out a nonadiabatic dynamics study of the iron complex [Fe(CN)4(bpy)]2– (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine)
in explicit aqueous solution. Implicit solvation models were found
inadequate for reproducing the strong solvatochromism in the absorption
spectra. Instead, direct solute–solvent interactions, in the
form of hydrogen bonds, are responsible for the large observed solvatochromic
shift and the general dynamical behavior of the complex in water.
The simulations reveal an overall intersystem crossing time scale
of 0.21 ± 0.01 ps and a strong reliance of this process
on nuclear motion. A charge transfer character analysis shows a branched
decay mechanism from the initially excited singlet metal-to-ligand
charge transfer (1MLCT) states to triplet states of 3MLCT and metal-centered (3MC) character. We also
find that solvent reorganization after excitation is ultrafast, on
the order of 50 fs around the cyanides and slower around the
bpy ligand. In contrast, the nuclear vibrational dynamics, in the
form of Fe–ligand bond changes, takes place on slightly longer
time scales. We demonstrate that the surprisingly fast solvent reorganizing
should be observable in time-resolved X-ray solution scattering experiments,
as simulated signals show strong contributions from the solute–solvent
scattering cross term. Altogether, the simulations paint a comprehensive
picture of the coupled and concurrent electronic, nuclear, and solvent
dynamics and interactions in the first hundreds of femtoseconds after
excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Bregenholt Zederkof
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, bygning 307, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Scientific Instrument Femtosecond X-ray Experiments, European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Klaus B Møller
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, bygning 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin M Nielsen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, bygning 307, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, bygning 307, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Ruthenium complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene based CNC and CN^CHC’ pincer ligands: Photophysics, electrochemistry, and solar energy conversion. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kjær KS, Kunnus K, Harlang TCB, Van Driel TB, Ledbetter K, Hartsock RW, Reinhard ME, Koroidov S, Li L, Laursen MG, Biasin E, Hansen FB, Vester P, Christensen M, Haldrup K, Nielsen MM, Chabera P, Liu Y, Tatsuno H, Timm C, Uhlig J, Sundstöm V, Németh Z, Szemes DS, Bajnóczi É, Vankó G, Alonso-Mori R, Glownia JM, Nelson S, Sikorski M, Sokaras D, Lemke HT, Canton SE, Wärnmark K, Persson P, Cordones AA, Gaffney KJ. Solvent control of charge transfer excited state relaxation pathways in [Fe(2,2'-bipyridine)(CN) 4] 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:4238-4249. [PMID: 29364300 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07838b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The excited state dynamics of solvated [Fe(bpy)(CN)4]2-, where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, show significant sensitivity to the solvent Lewis acidity. Using a combination of optical absorption and X-ray emission transient spectroscopies, we have previously shown that the metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state of [Fe(bpy)(CN)4]2- has a 19 picosecond lifetime and no discernable contribution from metal centered (MC) states in weak Lewis acid solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile.1,2 In the present work, we use the same combination of spectroscopic techniques to measure the MLCT excited state relaxation dynamics of [Fe(bpy)(CN)4]2- in water, a strong Lewis acid solvent. The charge-transfer excited state is now found to decay in less than 100 femtoseconds, forming a quasi-stable metal centered excited state with a 13 picosecond lifetime. We find that this MC excited state has triplet (3MC) character, unlike other reported six-coordinate Fe(ii)-centered coordination compounds, which form MC quintet (5MC) states. The solvent dependent changes in excited state non-radiative relaxation for [Fe(bpy)(CN)4]2- allows us to infer the influence of the solvent on the electronic structure of the complex. Furthermore, the robust characterization of the dynamics and optical spectral signatures of the isolated 3MC intermediate provides a strong foundation for identifying 3MC intermediates in the electronic excited state relaxation mechanisms of similar Fe-centered systems being developed for solar applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper S Kjær
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
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Ma Y, Zhou C, Doughty B, Easley DC, Deterding J, Ma B. Solvent Effect on the Photoinduced Structural Change of a Phosphorescent Molecular Butterfly. Chemistry 2017; 23:17734-17739. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Zhong Ma
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA
| | - Chenkun Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering FAMU-FSU College of Engineering Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
| | - Benjamin Doughty
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA
| | - Davis C. Easley
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA
| | - Justin Deterding
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee 37831 USA
| | - Biwu Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering FAMU-FSU College of Engineering Tallahassee FL 32310 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida State University Tallahassee FL 32306 USA
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Ribeiro MC, Corrêa RS, Barbosa MI, Delolo FG, Ellena J, Bogado AL, Batista AA. Synthesis, characterization and reactivity of halides/pseudohalides and their complexes containing ruthenium II in the hydrogenation of cyclohexene. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Demeter A, Horváth K, Böőr K, Molnár L, Soós T, Lendvay G. Substituent Effect on the Photoreduction Kinetics of Benzophenone. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:10196-210. [DOI: 10.1021/jp406269e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Demeter
- Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, ‡Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, Hungary
| | - Klaudia Horváth
- Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, ‡Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, Hungary
| | - Katalin Böőr
- Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, ‡Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, Hungary
| | - Laura Molnár
- Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, ‡Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, ‡Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, Hungary
| | - György Lendvay
- Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, ‡Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1025 Budapest, Pusztaszeri út 59-67, Hungary
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Compton R, Gerardi HK, Weidinger D, Brown DJ, Dressick WJ, Heilweil EJ, Owrutsky JC. Spectra and relaxation dynamics of the pseudohalide (PS) vibrational bands for Ru(bpy)2(PS)2 complexes, PS=CN, NCS and N3. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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11
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Jurss JW, Concepcion JJ, Butler JM, Omberg KM, Baraldo LM, Thompson DG, Lebeau EL, Hornstein B, Schoonover JR, Jude H, Thompson JD, Dattelbaum DM, Rocha RC, Templeton JL, Meyer TJ. Electronic Structure of the Water Oxidation Catalyst cis,cis-[(bpy)2(H2O)RuIIIORuIII(OH2)(bpy)2]4+, The Blue Dimer. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:1345-58. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201521w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonah W. Jurss
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Javier J. Concepcion
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joseph L. Templeton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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12
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McCusker CE, McCusker JK. Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of CN-Substituted Bipyridyl Complexes of Ru(II). Inorg Chem 2011; 50:1656-69. [DOI: 10.1021/ic102085b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E. McCusker
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - James K. McCusker
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Szabó P, Lendvay G, Horváth A, Kovács M. The effect of the position of methyl substituents on photophysical and photochemical properties of [Ru(x,x′-dmb)(CN)4]2− complexes: experimental confirmation of the theoretical predictions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:16033-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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14
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Badaeva E, Albert VV, Kilina S, Koposov A, Sykora M, Tretiak S. Effect of deprotonation on absorption and emission spectra of Ru(ii)-bpy complexes functionalized with carboxyl groups. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:8902-13. [DOI: 10.1039/b924910a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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Li XN, Wu ZJ, Si ZJ, Zhang HJ, Zhou L, Liu XJ. Injection, Transport, Absorption and Phosphorescence Properties of a Series of Blue-Emitting Ir(III) Emitters in OLEDs: a DFT and Time-Dependent DFT Study. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:7740-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900585p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Jun Si
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Juan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, People’s Republic of China
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Li XN, Wu ZJ, Zhang HJ, Liu XJ, Zhou L, Li ZF, Si ZJ. Different electronic structures and spectroscopic properties of cationic [M(ppy)2(N∧N)]+ (M = Rh, Ir; N∧N = Hcmbpy, H2dcbpy), a DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:6051-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b819014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhou Y, Xiao HP, Kang LC, Zuo JL, Li CH, You XZ. Synthesis and characterization of neutral iron(ii) and ruthenium(ii) complexes with the isocyanotriphenylborate ligand. Dalton Trans 2009:10256-62. [DOI: 10.1039/b914262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Giansante C, Ceroni P, Balzani V, Vögtle F. Self‐Assembly of a Light‐Harvesting Antenna Formed by a Dendrimer, a RuIIComplex, and a NdIIIIon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Giansante C, Ceroni P, Balzani V, Vögtle F. Self‐Assembly of a Light‐Harvesting Antenna Formed by a Dendrimer, a RuIIComplex, and a NdIIIIon. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:5422-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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