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Chen P, Vorobyov I, Roux B, Allen TW. Molecular Dynamics Simulations Based on Polarizable Models Show that Ion Permeation Interconverts between Different Mechanisms as a Function of Membrane Thickness. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1020-1035. [PMID: 33493394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the permeation of charged compounds through lipid membranes. Overall, it is expected that an ion-induced defect permeation mechanism, where substantial membrane deformations accompany ion movement, should be dominant in thin membranes but that a solubility-diffusion mechanism, where ions partition into the membrane core with large associated dehydration energy costs, becomes dominant in thicker membranes. However, while this physical picture is intuitively reasonable, capturing the interconversion between these two permeation mechanisms in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on atomic models is challenging. In particular, simulations relying on nonpolarizable force fields are artificially unfavorable to the solubility-diffusion mechanism, as induced polarization of the nonpolar hydrocarbon is ignored, causing overestimated free energy costs for charged molecules to enter into this region of the membrane. In this study, all-atom MD simulations based on nonpolarizable and polarizable force fields are used to quantitatively characterize the permeation process for the arginine side chain analog methyl-guanidinium through bilayer membranes of mono-unsaturated phosphatidylcholine lipids with and without cholesterol, resulting in thicknesses spanning from ∼24 to ∼42 Å. With simulations based on a nonpolarizable force field, ion translocation can take place solely through an ion-induced defect mechanism, with free energy barriers increasing linearly from 14 to 40 kcal/mol, depending on the thickness. However, with simulations based on a polarizable force field, ion translocation is predominantly dominated by an ion-induced defect mechanism in thin membranes, which progressively converts to a solubility-diffusion mechanism as the membranes get thicker. The transition between the two mechanisms occurs at a thickness of ∼29 Å, with lipid tails of 22 or more carbon atoms. This situation appears to represent the upper limit for ion-induced defect permeation within the current polarizable models. Beyond this thickness, it becomes energetically preferable for the ion to dehydrate and partition into the membrane core-a phenomenon that cannot be captured using the nonpolarizable models. Induced electronic polarizability therefore leads not just to a shift in permeation energetics but to an interconversion between two strikingly different physical mechanisms. The result highlights the importance of induced polarizability in modeling lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Igor Vorobyov
- Department of Physiology & Membrane Biology, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Benoît Roux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Toby W Allen
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne 3001, Australia
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2
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Beaven AH, Maer AM, Sodt AJ, Rui H, Pastor RW, Andersen OS, Im W. Gramicidin A Channel Formation Induces Local Lipid Redistribution I: Experiment and Simulation. Biophys J 2017; 112:1185-1197. [PMID: 28355546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integral membrane protein function can be modulated by the host bilayer. Because biological membranes are diverse and nonuniform, we explore the consequences of lipid diversity using gramicidin A channels embedded in phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayers composed of equimolar mixtures of di-oleoyl-PC and di-erucoyl-PC (dC18:1+dC22:1, respectively), di-palmitoleoyl-PC and di-nervonoyl-PC (dC16:1+dC24:1, respectively), and di-eicosenoyl-PC (pure dC20:1), all of which have the same average bilayer chain length. Single-channel lifetime experiments, molecular dynamics simulations, and a simple lipid compression model are used in tandem to gain insight into lipid redistribution around the channel, which partially alleviates the bilayer deformation energy associated with channel formation. The average single-channel lifetimes in the two-component bilayers (95 ± 10 ms for dC18:1+dC22:1 and 195 ± 20 ms for dC16:1+dC24:1) were increased relative to the single-component dC20:1 control bilayer (65 ± 10 ms), implying lipid redistribution. Using a theoretical treatment of thickness-dependent changes in channel lifetimes, the effective local enrichment of lipids around the channel was estimated to be 58 ± 4% dC18:1 and 66 ± 2% dC16:1 in the dC18:1+dC22:1 and dC16:1+dC24:1 bilayers, respectively. 3.5-μs molecular dynamics simulations show 66 ± 2% dC16:1 in the first lipid shell around the channel in the dC16:1+dC24:1 bilayer, but no significant redistribution (50 ± 4% dC18:1) in the dC18:1+dC22:1 bilayer; these simulated values are within the 95% confidence intervals of the experimental averages. The strong preference for the better matching lipid (dC16:1) near the channel in the dC16:1+dC24:1 mixture and lesser redistribution in the dC18:1+dC22:1 mixture can be explained by the energetic cost associated with compressing the lipids to match the channel's hydrophobic length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Beaven
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Andreia M Maer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Alexander J Sodt
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Huan Rui
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard W Pastor
- Laboratory of Computational Biology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Olaf S Andersen
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.
| | - Wonpil Im
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania.
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Eggeling C, Honigmann A. Closing the gap: The approach of optical and computational microscopy to uncover biomembrane organization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2016; 1858:2558-2568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Hong C, Tieleman DP, Wang Y. Microsecond molecular dynamics simulations of lipid mixing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:11993-2001. [PMID: 25237736 PMCID: PMC4196744 DOI: 10.1021/la502363b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of membranes are often hindered by the slow lateral diffusion of lipids and the limited time scale of MD. In order to study the dynamics of mixing and characterize the lateral distribution of lipids in converged mixtures, we report microsecond-long all-atom MD simulations performed on the special-purpose machine Anton. Two types of mixed bilayers, POPE:POPG (3:1) and POPC:cholesterol (2:1), as well as a pure POPC bilayer, were each simulated for up to 2 μs. These simulations show that POPE:POPG and POPC:cholesterol are each fully miscible at the simulated conditions, with the final states of the mixed bilayers similar to a random mixture. By simulating three POPE:POPG bilayers at different NaCl concentrations (0, 0.15, and 1 M), we also examined the effect of salt concentration on lipid mixing. While an increase in NaCl concentration is shown to affect the area per lipid, tail order, and lipid lateral diffusion, the final states of mixing remain unaltered, which is explained by the largely uniform increase in Na(+) ions around POPE and POPG. Direct measurement of water permeation reveals that the POPE:POPG bilayer with 1 M NaCl has reduced water permeability compared with those at zero or low salt concentration. Our calculations provide a benchmark to estimate the convergence time scale of all-atom MD simulations of lipid mixing. Additionally, equilibrated structures of POPE:POPG and POPC:cholesterol, which are frequently used to mimic bacterial and mammalian membranes, respectively, can be used as starting points of simulations involving these membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunkit Hong
- Department of Physics, Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - D. Peter Tieleman
- Department of Biological
Sciences and Center for Molecular Simulation, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Physics, Chinese University
of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
- E-mail: (Y.W.)
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Fossati M, Goud B, Borgese N, Manneville JB. An investigation of the effect of membrane curvature on transmembrane-domain dependent protein sorting in lipid bilayers. CELLULAR LOGISTICS 2014; 4:e29087. [PMID: 25210649 PMCID: PMC4156485 DOI: 10.4161/cl.29087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sorting of membrane proteins within the secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells is a complex process involving discrete sorting signals as well as physico-chemical properties of the transmembrane domain (TMD). Previous work demonstrated that tail-anchored (TA) protein sorting at the interface between the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex is exquisitely dependent on the length and hydrophobicity of the transmembrane domain, and suggested that an imbalance between TMD length and bilayer thickness (hydrophobic mismatch) could drive long TMD-containing proteins into curved membrane domains, including ER exit sites, with consequent export of the mismatched protein out of the ER. Here, we tested a possible role of curvature in TMD-dependent sorting in a model system consisting of Giant Unilamellar Vesicles (GUVs) from which narrow membrane tubes were pulled by micromanipulation. Fluorescent TA proteins differing in TMD length were incorporated into GUVs of uniform lipid composition or made of total ER lipids, and TMD-dependent sorting and diffusion, as well as the bending rigidity of bilayers made of microsomal lipids, were investigated. Long and short TMD-containing constructs were inserted with similar orientation, diffused equally rapidly in GUVs and in tubes pulled from GUVs, and no difference in their final distribution between planar and curved regions was detected. These results indicate that curvature alone is not sufficient to drive TMD-dependent sorting at the ER-Golgi interface, and set the basis for the investigation of the additional factors that must be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Fossati
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; University of Milano; Milano, Italy
| | - Bruno Goud
- CNRS-Institut Curie; UMR144; Paris, France
| | - Nica Borgese
- CNR Institute of Neuroscience and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine; University of Milano; Milano, Italy ; Department of Health Science; University of Catanzaro "Magna Graecia"; Catanzaro, Italy
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Ion channel stability of Gramicidin A in lipid bilayers: Effect of hydrophobic mismatch. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:328-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
The physiological properties of biological soft matter are the product of collective interactions, which span many time and length scales. Recent computational modeling efforts have helped illuminate experiments that characterize the ways in which proteins modulate membrane physics. Linking these models across time and length scales in a multiscale model explains how atomistic information propagates to larger scales. This paper reviews continuum modeling and coarse-grained molecular dynamics methods, which connect atomistic simulations and single-molecule experiments with the observed microscopic or mesoscale properties of soft-matter systems essential to our understanding of cells, particularly those involved in sculpting and remodeling cell membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Bradley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ravi Radhakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-215-898-0487; Fax: +1-215-573-2071
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8
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Ohkubo YZ, Pogorelov TV, Arcario MJ, Christensen GA, Tajkhorshid E. Accelerating membrane insertion of peripheral proteins with a novel membrane mimetic model. Biophys J 2012; 102:2130-9. [PMID: 22824277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing atomic details of membrane binding of peripheral membrane proteins by molecular dynamics (MD) has been significantly hindered by the slow dynamics of membrane reorganization associated with the phenomena. To expedite lateral diffusion of lipid molecules without sacrificing the atomic details of such interactions, we have developed a novel membrane representation, to our knowledge, termed the highly mobile membrane-mimetic (HMMM) model to study binding and insertion of various molecular species into the membrane. The HMMM model takes advantage of an organic solvent layer to represent the hydrophobic core of the membrane and short-tailed phospholipids for the headgroup region. We demonstrate that using these components, bilayer structures are formed spontaneously and rapidly, regardless of the initial position and orientation of the lipids. In the HMMM membrane, lipid molecules exhibit one to two orders of magnitude enhancement in lateral diffusion. At the same time, the membrane atomic density profile of the headgroup region produced by the HMMM model is essentially identical to those obtained for full-membrane models, indicating the faithful representation of the membrane surface by the model. We demonstrate the efficiency of the model in capturing spontaneous binding and insertion of peripheral proteins by using the membrane anchor (γ-carboxyglutamic-acid-rich domain; GLA domain) of human coagulation factor VII as a test model. Achieving full insertion of the GLA domain consistently in 10 independent unbiased simulations within short simulation times clearly indicates the robustness of the HMMM model in capturing membrane association of peripheral proteins very efficiently and reproducibly. The HMMM model will provide significant improvements to the current all-atom models by accelerating lipid dynamics to examine protein-membrane interactions more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zenmei Ohkubo
- Department of Biochemistry, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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Yin F, Kindt JT. Hydrophobic mismatch and lipid sorting near OmpA in mixed bilayers: atomistic and coarse-grained simulations. Biophys J 2012; 102:2279-87. [PMID: 22677381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the effects of lipid composition on membrane protein function in a mixture as complex as a biomembrane, one must know whether the lipid composition local to the protein differs from the mean lipid composition. In this study, we simulated the transmembrane domain of a β-barrel protein, OmpA, in mixtures of lipids of different tail lengths under conditions of negative hydrophobic mismatch, i.e., local bilayer thinning. We modeled the influence of OmpA on the local lipid composition both at a coarse-grained (CG) resolution using conventional molecular dynamics, and at an atomistic resolution within the semi-grand canonical ensemble using mutation moves to rapidly approach an equilibrium lateral distribution of lipids. Moderate enrichment of the shorter tail component (either DDPC in DDPC/DMPC mixtures or DMPC in DMPC/DSPC mixtures) extending 2-3 nm away from the protein surface was observed with both the atomistic and CG models. The similarity in trends suggests that the more computationally economical CG models capture the essential features of lipid sorting induced by hydrophobic mismatch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuchang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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10
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Avram S, Mihailescu D, Borcan F, Milac AL. Prediction of improved antimicrobial mastoparan derivatives by 3D-QSAR-CoMSIA/CoMFA and computational mutagenesis. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-011-0713-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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11
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Parton DL, Klingelhoefer JW, Sansom MSP. Aggregation of model membrane proteins, modulated by hydrophobic mismatch, membrane curvature, and protein class. Biophys J 2011; 101:691-9. [PMID: 21806937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of transmembrane proteins is important for many biological processes, such as protein sorting and cell signaling, and also for in vitro processes such as two-dimensional crystallization. We have used large-scale simulations to study the lateral organization and dynamics of lipid bilayers containing multiple inserted proteins. Using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations, we have studied model membranes comprising ∼7000 lipids and 16 identical copies of model cylindrical proteins of either α-helical or β-barrel types. Through variation of the lipid tail length and hence the degree of hydrophobic mismatch, our simulations display levels of protein aggregation ranging from negligible to extensive. The nature and extent of aggregation are shown to be influenced by membrane curvature and the shape or orientation of the protein. Interestingly, a model β-barrel protein aggregates to form one-dimensional strings within the bilayer plane, whereas a model α-helical bundle forms two-dimensional clusters. Overall, it is clear that the nature and extent of membrane protein aggregation is dependent on several aspects of the proteins and lipids, including hydrophobic mismatch, protein class and shape, and membrane curvature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Parton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Li LB, Vorobyov I, Allen TW. The role of membrane thickness in charged protein-lipid interactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2011; 1818:135-45. [PMID: 22063722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Charged amino acids are known to be important in controlling the actions of integral and peripheral membrane proteins and cell disrupting peptides. Atomistic molecular dynamics studies have shed much light on the mechanisms of membrane binding and translocation of charged protein groups, yet the impact of the full diversity of membrane physico-chemical properties and topologies has yet to be explored. Here we have performed a systematic study of an arginine (Arg) side chain analog moving across saturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) bilayers of variable hydrocarbon tail length from 10 to 18 carbons. For all bilayers we observe similar ion-induced defects, where Arg draws water molecules and lipid head groups into the bilayers to avoid large dehydration energy costs. The free energy profiles all exhibit sharp climbs with increasing penetration into the hydrocarbon core, with predictable shifts between bilayers of different thickness, leading to barrier reduction from 26 kcal/mol for 18 carbons to 6 kcal/mol for 10 carbons. For lipids of 10 and 12 carbons we observe narrow transmembrane pores and corresponding plateaus in the free energy profiles. Allowing for movements of the protein and side chain snorkeling, we argue that the energetic cost for burying Arg inside a thin bilayer will be small, consistent with recent experiments, also leading to a dramatic reduction in pK(a) shifts for Arg. We provide evidence that Arg translocation occurs via an ion-induced defect mechanism, except in thick bilayers (of at least 18 carbons) where solubility-diffusion becomes energetically favored. Our findings shed light on the mechanisms of ion movement through membranes of varying composition, with implications for a range of charged protein-lipid interactions and the actions of cell-perturbing peptides. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane protein structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo B Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Wang Y, Markwick PRL, de Oliveira CAF, McCammon JA. Enhanced Lipid Diffusion and Mixing in Accelerated Molecular Dynamics. J Chem Theory Comput 2011; 7:3199-3207. [PMID: 22003320 PMCID: PMC3191728 DOI: 10.1021/ct200430c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated molecular dynamics (aMD) is an enhanced sampling technique that expedites conformational space sampling by reducing the barriers separating various low-energy states of a system. Here, we present the first application of the aMD method on lipid membranes. Altogether, ∼1.5 μs simulations were performed on three systems: a pure POPC bilayer, a pure DMPC bilayer, and a mixed POPC:DMPC bilayer. Overall, the aMD simulations are found to produce significant speedup in trans–gauche isomerization and lipid lateral diffusion versus those in conventional MD (cMD) simulations. Further comparison of a 70-ns aMD run and a 300-ns cMD run of the mixed POPC:DMPC bilayer shows that the two simulations yield similar lipid mixing behaviors, with aMD generating a 2–3-fold speedup compared to cMD. Our results demonstrate that the aMD method is an efficient approach for the study of bilayer structural and dynamic properties. On the basis of simulations of the three bilayer systems, we also discuss the impact of aMD parameters on various lipid properties, which can be used as a guideline for future aMD simulations of membrane systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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Kindt JT. Atomistic simulation of mixed-lipid bilayers: mixed methods for mixed membranes. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2011.561434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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de Joannis J, Coppock PS, Yin F, Mori M, Zamorano A, Kindt JT. Atomistic Simulation of Cholesterol Effects on Miscibility of Saturated and Unsaturated Phospholipids: Implications for Liquid-Ordered/Liquid-Disordered Phase Coexistence. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:3625-34. [DOI: 10.1021/ja110425s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason de Joannis
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Institutional Program of Molecular Biomedicine, ENMH-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patrick S. Coppock
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Institutional Program of Molecular Biomedicine, ENMH-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fuchang Yin
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Institutional Program of Molecular Biomedicine, ENMH-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Makoto Mori
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Institutional Program of Molecular Biomedicine, ENMH-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Absalom Zamorano
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Institutional Program of Molecular Biomedicine, ENMH-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - James T. Kindt
- Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Institutional Program of Molecular Biomedicine, ENMH-IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Manna M, Mukhopadhyay C. Cholesterol driven alteration of the conformation and dynamics of phospholamban in model membranes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:20188-98. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21793c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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