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Liu Z, Roy M, DeYonker NJ, Gopalakrishnan R. Neutral gas pressure dependence of ion-ion mutual neutralization rate constants using Landau-Zener theory coupled with trajectory simulations. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114111. [PMID: 37724728 DOI: 10.1063/5.0168609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In this computational study, we describe a self-consistent trajectory simulation approach to capture the effect of neutral gas pressure on ion-ion mutual neutralization (MN) reactions. The electron transfer probability estimated using Landau-Zener (LZ) transition state theory is incorporated into classical trajectory simulations to elicit predictions of MN cross sections in vacuum and rate constants at finite neutral gas pressures. Electronic structure calculations with multireference configuration interaction and large correlation consistent basis sets are used to derive inputs to the LZ theory. The key advance of our trajectory simulation approach is the inclusion of the effect of ion-neutral interactions on MN using a Langevin representation of the effect of background gas on ion transport. For H+ - H- and Li+ - H(D)-, our approach quantitatively agrees with measured speed-dependent cross sections for up to ∼105 m/s. For the ion pair Ne+ - Cl-, our predictions of the MN rate constant at ∼1 Torr are a factor of ∼2 to 3 higher than the experimentally measured value. Similarly, for Xe+ - F- in the pressure range of ∼20 000-80 000 Pa, our predictions of the MN rate constant are ∼20% lower but are in excellent qualitative agreement with experimental data. The paradigm of using trajectory simulations to self-consistently capture the effect of gas pressure on MN reactions advanced here provides avenues for the inclusion of additional nonclassical effects in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
| | - Mrittika Roy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
| | - Nathan J DeYonker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee 38152, USA
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Sawyer JC, Engeling KW, Sweeny BC, McDonald DC, Ard SG, Miller TM, Viggiano AA, Shuman NS. Measurement of rate constants for ion-ion reactions – O+ and N+ with the atomic halide anions Cl−, Br−, and I− at thermal energies. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Sawyer JC, Hedvall P, Miller TM, Engeling KW, Larson Å, Orel AE, Viggiano AA, Shuman NS. Reactions of C + + Cl -, Br -, and I --A comparison of theory and experiment. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244301. [PMID: 31893916 DOI: 10.1063/1.5126689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rate constants for the reactions of C+ + Cl-, Br-, and I- were measured at 300 K using the variable electron and neutral density electron attachment mass spectrometry technique in a flowing afterglow Langmuir probe apparatus. Upper bounds of <10-8 cm3 s-1 were found for the reaction of C+ with Br- and I-, and a rate constant of 4.2 ± 1.1 × 10-9 cm3 s-1 was measured for the reaction with Cl-. The C+ + Cl- mutual neutralization reaction was studied theoretically from first principles, and a rate constant of 3.9 × 10-10 cm3 s-1, an order of magnitude smaller than experiment, was obtained with spin-orbit interactions included using a semiempirical model. The discrepancy between the measured and calculated rate constants could be explained by the fact that in the experiment, the total loss of C+ ions was measured, while the theoretical treatment did not include the associative ionization channel. The charge transfer was found to take place at small internuclear distances, and the spin-orbit interaction was found to have a minor effect on the rate constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C Sawyer
- NRC Postdoc at Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117, USA
| | - Patrik Hedvall
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas M Miller
- Boston College Institute for Scientific Research, Boston, Massachusetts 02549, USA
| | - Kenneth W Engeling
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Åsa Larson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Center, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann E Orel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Albert A Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117, USA
| | - Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117, USA
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Shuman NS, Miller TM, Johnsen R, Viggiano AA. Mutual neutralization of atomic rare-gas cations (Ne(+), Ar(+), Kr(+), Xe(+)) with atomic halide anions (Cl(-), Br(-), I(-)). J Chem Phys 2014; 140:044304. [PMID: 25669520 DOI: 10.1063/1.4862151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report thermal rate coefficients for 12 reactions of rare gas cations (Ne(+), Ar(+), Kr(+), Xe(+)) with halide anions (Cl(-), Br(-), I(-)), comprising both mutual neutralization (MN) and transfer ionization. No rate coefficients have been previously reported for these reactions; however, the development of the Variable Electron and Neutral Density Attachment Mass Spectrometry technique makes it possible to measure the difference of the rate coefficients for pairs of parallel reactions in a Flowing Afterglow-Langmuir Probe apparatus. Measurements of 18 such combinations of competing reaction pairs yield an over-determined data set from which a consistent set of rate coefficients of the 12 MN reactions can be deduced. Unlike rate coefficients of MN reactions involving at least one polyatomic ion, which vary by at most a factor of ∼3, those of the atom-atom reactions vary by at least a factor 60 depending on the species. It is found that the rate coefficients involving light rare-gas ions are larger than those for the heavier rare-gas ions, but the opposite trend is observed in the progression from Cl(-) to I(-). The largest rate coefficient is 6.5 × 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) for Ne(+) with I(-). Rate coefficients for Ar(+), Kr(+), and Xe(+) reacting with Br2 (-) are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, USA
| | - Thomas M Miller
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, USA
| | - Rainer Johnsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Albert A Viggiano
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, USA
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Shuman NS, Miller TM, Johnsen R, Viggiano AA. Communication: Transfer ionization in a thermal reaction of a cation and anion: Ar+ with Br- and I-. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:171102. [PMID: 24206279 DOI: 10.1063/1.4828455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present experimental evidence that reactions of argon cations Ar(+) with the halogen anions Br(-) and I(-) do not occur exclusively by mutual neutralization, but also produce the cations Br(+) or I(+) ions by transfer ionization (TI). The experiments were carried out in flowing-afterglow plasmas at gas temperatures between and 300 and 500 K, and employed a variant of the Variable Electron and Neutral Density Attachment Mass Spectrometry method. The measured TI rate coefficients are 1.9 ± 0.6 × 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1) and 1.1 ± (0.3)(0.8) × 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1) for the Br(-) and I(-) reactions, respectively. We find that the TI rate coefficients decline with temperature as T(-0.5) to T(-1). No indication of TI was found in the reaction with Cl(-), where it is endoergic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, USA
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Shuman NS, Miller TM, Viggiano AA, Troe J. Electron attachment to CF3 and CF3Br at temperatures up to 890 K: experimental test of the kinetic modeling approach. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:204316. [PMID: 23742484 DOI: 10.1063/1.4807606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal rate constants and product branching fractions for electron attachment to CF3Br and the CF3 radical have been measured over the temperature range 300-890 K, the upper limit being restricted by thermal decomposition of CF3Br. Both measurements were made in Flowing Afterglow Langmuir Probe apparatuses; the CF3Br measurement was made using standard techniques, and the CF3 measurement using the Variable Electron and Neutral Density Attachment Mass Spectrometry technique. Attachment to CF3Br proceeds exclusively by the dissociative channel yielding Br(-), with a rate constant increasing from 1.1 × 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K to 5.3 × 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) at 890 K, somewhat lower than previous data at temperatures up to 777 K. CF3 attachment proceeds through competition between associative attachment yielding CF3 (-) and dissociative attachment yielding F(-). Prior data up to 600 K showed the rate constant monotonically increasing, with the partial rate constant of the dissociative channel following Arrhenius behavior; however, extrapolation of the data using a recently proposed kinetic modeling approach predicted the rate constant to turn over at higher temperatures, despite being only ~5% of the collision rate. The current data agree well with the previous kinetic modeling extrapolation, providing a demonstration of the predictive capabilities of the approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, USA
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Shuman NS, Miller TM, Viggiano AA. Electron attachment to fluorocarbon radicals. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:214318. [PMID: 23231242 DOI: 10.1063/1.4768466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, USA
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Shuman NS, Friedman JF, Miller TM, Viggiano AA. Electron attachment to 14 halogenated alkenes and alkanes, 300-600 K. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:164306. [PMID: 23126709 DOI: 10.1063/1.4759168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal electron attachment to 14 alkenes and alkanes with bromine, fluorine, and iodine substituents has been studied over the temperature range 300-600 K using a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus. Rate coefficients and anion products are reported, most for the first time. Among these were 3 isomers of C(3)F(5)Br and the 2 isomers of C(3)F(7)I. Four dibromide compounds were studied, all of which yield Br(2)(-) product in addition to Br(-) product. The results are analyzed using a statistical kinetic modeling approach, which is able to reproduce both attachment rate coefficients and product branching ratios within experimental uncertainty. The kinetic modeling indicates that factor of 2 differences in attachment rate coefficients to the isomeric species can be explained by subtle variations in the potential surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117-5776, USA
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Miller TM, Friedman JF, Shuman NS, Ard SG, Melko JJ, Viggiano AA. Electron attachment to C7F14, thermal detachment from C7F14(-), the electron affinity of C7F14, and neutralization of C7F14(-) by Ar+. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:10293-300. [PMID: 23030828 DOI: 10.1021/jp306843a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Rate coefficients and branching fractions have been measured for electron attachment to perfluoromethylcyclohexane, C(7)F(14), along with thermal detachment rate coefficients for C(7)F(14)(-), from 300 to 630 K, using a flowing-afterglow Langmuir-probe apparatus. The attachment rate coefficient at room temperature is 4.5 ± 1.2 × 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) and increases with temperature at a rate described by an activation energy of 50 ± 25 meV. Thermal electron detachment is negligible at room temperature, but measurable at 600 K and above, reaching 2300 ± 1300 s(-1) at 630 K. Analysis of the attachment-detachment equilibrium yields EA(C(7)F(14)) = 1.02 ± 0.06 eV, in agreement with the literature value while more than halving the uncertainty. Implications of the measurement for the electron affinity of SF(6) are discussed. The dominant product of electron attachment is the parent anion, but C(6)F(11)(-) and C(7)F(13)(-) are also observed at very low levels (<0.1%) at room temperature and increase in importance as the temperature is increased, reaching ~10% each at 630 K. In the course of this work we have also measured rate coefficients for the neutralization of C(7)F(14)(-) by Ar(+) at 300, 400, and 500 K: 4.8, 3.5, and 3.1 × 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1), respectively, with uncertainties of ±5 × 10(-9) cm(3) s(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Miller
- Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, New Mexico 87117-5776, USA
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Shuman NS, Miller TM, Friedman JF, Viggiano AA. Electron Attachment to Fe(CO)n (n = 0–5). J Phys Chem A 2012; 117:1102-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304480x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S. Shuman
- Space Vehicles
Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico
87117-5776, United States
| | - Thomas M. Miller
- Space Vehicles
Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico
87117-5776, United States
| | - Jeffrey F. Friedman
- Space Vehicles
Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico
87117-5776, United States
| | - Albert A. Viggiano
- Space Vehicles
Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico
87117-5776, United States
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Haughey SA, Field TA, Langer J, Shuman NS, Miller TM, Friedman JF, Viggiano AA. Dissociative electron attachment to C2F5 radicals. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:054310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4738759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Miller TM, Shuman NS, Viggiano AA. Behavior of rate coefficients for ion-ion mutual neutralization, 300–550 K. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:204306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4720499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Shuman NS, Miller TM, Viggiano AA. Kinetics of electron attachment to OH and HNO3 and mutual neutralization of Ar+ with NO2(-) and NO3(-) at 300 and 500 K. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:124307. [PMID: 22462857 DOI: 10.1063/1.3694876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The electron attachment rate constant to nitric acid (HNO(3)) has been measured in a flowing afterglow-Langmuir probe (FALP) apparatus at 300 and 500 K using three independent methods: the traditional FALP technique of monitoring electron depletion, "one-gas" VENDAMS (variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry), and "two-gas" VENDAMS. The three measurements are in agreement with a 300 K weighted average of 1.4 ± 0.3 × 10(-7) cm(3) s(-1), 2 to 10 times higher than previously reported values. Attachment is primarily dissociative yielding NO(2)(-) as previously reported, but for the first time a small endothermic channel to produce OH(-) was also observed at 500 K. From the one-gas VENDAMS data, associative attachment to the OH produced in the primary attachment was found to occur with an effective two body rate constant of 1.2±(0.7) (3)×10(-11) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K, the first reported rate constant for this radical species. Finally, ion-ion neutralization rate constants of NO(2)(-) and NO(3)(-) with Ar(+) were determined to be 5.2±(2.5) (1.5) × 10(-8) and 4.5 ± 2.5 × 10(-8) cm(3) s(-1) at 300 K, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87117-5776, USA
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Shuman NS, Miller TM, Friedman JF, Viggiano AA, Maergoiz AI, Troe J. Pressure and temperature dependence of dissociative and non-dissociative electron attachment to CF3: experiments and kinetic modeling. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:054306. [PMID: 21823699 DOI: 10.1063/1.3614471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of electron attachment to CF(3) as a function of temperature (300-600 K) and pressure (0.75-2.5 Torr) were studied by variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry exploiting dissociative electron attachment to CF(3)Br as a radical source. Attachment occurs through competing dissociative (CF(3) + e(-) → CF(2) + F(-)) and non-dissociative channels (CF(3) + e(-) → CF(3)(-)). The rate constant of the dissociative channel increases strongly with temperature, while that of the non-dissociative channel decreases. The rate constant of the non-dissociative channel increases strongly with pressure, while that of the dissociative channel shows little dependence. The total rate constant of electron attachment increases with temperature and with pressure. The system is analyzed by kinetic modeling in terms of statistical theory in order to understand its properties and to extrapolate to conditions beyond those accessible in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117-5776, USA
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Shuman NS, Miller TM, Friedman JF, Viggiano AA, Maeda S, Morokuma K. Temperature dependences of rate coefficients for electron catalyzed mutual neutralization. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:024204. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3605631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117, USA
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Shuman NS, Miller TM, Viggiano AA, Troe J. Electron attachment to POCl3. III. Measurement and kinetic modeling of branching fractions. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:094310. [PMID: 21384972 DOI: 10.1063/1.3549139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Shuman
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, Bedford, Massachusetts 01731-3010, USA
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Shuman NS, Miller TM, Viggiano AA, Luzik ED, Hazari N. Kinetics of electron attachment to SF3CN, SF3C6F5, and SF3 and mutual neutralization of Ar+ with CN− and C6F5−. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:044323. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3529423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Shuman NS, Miller TM, Bemish RJ, Viggiano AA. Electron-catalyzed mutual neutralization of various anions with Ar+: evidence of a new plasma process. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:018302. [PMID: 21231774 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.018302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The mutual neutralization of anions with Ar+ has been studied by variable electron and neutral density attachment mass spectrometry. Evidence of a previously unobserved plasma loss process, electron-catalyzed mutual neutralization (ECMN), e.g., SF6-+Ar+ + e-→neutrals + e-, is reported. Results for 10 species suggest that ECMN occurs generally and significantly affects the total ion-loss rate in plasmas with electron densities exceeding 10(10) cm-3. ECMN is discussed in the context of other known three-body plasma processes, the mechanisms for which appear insufficient to explain the observed effect. A mechanism for ECMN involving an incident electron facilitating energy transfer to the internal modes of the anion is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas S Shuman
- Space Vehicles Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts 01731-3010, USA
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Shuman NS, Miller TM, Hazari N, Luzik ED, Viggiano AA. Kinetics following addition of sulfur fluorides to a weakly ionized plasma from 300 to 500 K: Rate constants and product determinations for ion–ion mutual neutralization and thermal electron attachment to SF5, SF3, and SF2. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:234304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3520150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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