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Hutchings MG, Lawrence AJ, Kennedy AR. Colour and constitution of conjugate bases of benzodifurantrione, its ring-opened derivatives and benzodifuranone dye analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:2661-2670. [PMID: 35293408 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02442f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The observation of ready deprotonation of the phenylogous enol of benzodifurantrione (BDT) to give a bright violet conjugate base has led to two follow up explorations. Extension of BDT enol by insertion of a p-phenylene unit into the enol C-O bond gives the known bright red 4-hydroxylated benzodifuranone dyes. Their deprotonation results in previously unreported near infrared-absorbing conjugate bases. These appear to aggregate in solution, the more so in less polar solvents. Ring-opened derivatives of BDT containing α-dicarbonyl substituents also give coloured conjugate bases, but α-keto-ester and -anilide derivatives differ substantially (ester yellow; anilide intense red). Investigation of this nonintuitive difference leads to the conclusion that while the anilide is essentially planar the ester is nonplanar. The contrast in conformation impacts on the auxochromic effects of the otherwise closely related α-dicarbonyl substituents and thus the variation in colour. The latter observation has potential across colour chemistry in general. In contrast to the readily observed BDT enol, no evidence has been adduced for enol tautomers amongst the ring-opened analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony J Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Alan R Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
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Wegermann CA, Monzani E, Casella L, Ribeiro MA, Bruzeguini CE, Vilcachagua JD, Costa LAS, Ferreira AMDC. Unveiling geometrical isomers and tautomers of isatin-hydrazones by NMR spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Tisovský P, Šandrik R, Horváth M, Donovalová J, Filo J, Gáplovský M, Jakusová K, Cigáň M, Sokolík R, Gáplovský A. Effect of Structure on Charge Distribution in the Isatin Anions in Aprotic Environment: Spectral Study. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111961. [PMID: 29135954 PMCID: PMC6150331 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Five isatin anions were prepared by deprotonation of initial isatins in aprotic solvents using basic fluoride and acetate anions (F− and CH3COO−). The F− basicity is sufficient to deprotonate isatin NH hydrogen from all the studied compounds. This process is reversible. In the presence of proton donor solvents, the anions form the corresponding isatins. The isatin hydrogen acidity depends on the overall structure of the isatin derivatives. The anions were characterized by ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Interestingly, the anions form aggregates at concentrations above 10−3 mol·dm−3. Further, the effect of cations on the UV–Vis spectra of the studied anions was studied. Charge transfer and its distribution in the anion depends on the radius and the cation electron configuration. The alkali metal cations, tetrabutylammonium (TBA+), Mg2+ and Ag+, interact with the C-2 carbonyl oxygen of the isatin anion. The interaction has a coulombic character. On the other hand, Cd2+, Zn2+, Hg2+, Co2+, and Cu+ cations form a coordinate bond with the isatin nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavol Tisovský
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Róbert Šandrik
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Miroslav Horváth
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Donovalová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Juraj Filo
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Gáplovský
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odbojárov 10, SK-832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Klaudia Jakusová
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Marek Cigáň
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Róbert Sokolík
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Anton Gáplovský
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina CH-2, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Identification of mesomeric substructures by through-space NMR shieldings (TSNMRS). Trimethine cyanine/merocyanine-like or aromatic π-electron delocalization? Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Trujillo C, Sánchez-Sanz G. A Study of π-π Stacking Interactions and Aromaticity in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon/Nucleobase Complexes. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:395-405. [PMID: 26663678 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201501019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We analysed the interactions and aromaticity electron-density delocalisation observed in π-π complexes between the phenalenyl radical and acenaphthylene, and the DNA and RNA nucleobases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine and uracil). Interaction energies are obtained at the M06-2X/6-311++G(2df,p) computational level for gas phase and PCM-water conditions. For both the phenalenyl radical and acenaphthylene, the complexes formed with guanine are the most stable ones. Atoms in molecules and natural bond orbital results reveal weak π-π interactions between both interacting moieties, characterized by bond critical points between C⋅⋅⋅C and C⋅⋅⋅N atoms. Nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS) indicate the retention of the aromatic character of the monomers in the outer region of the complex. The fluctuation indexes reveal a loss of electron delocalisation upon complexation for all cases except guanine complexes. Nevertheless, the interface region shows large negative NICS values, which is not associated with an increase of the aromaticity or electron-density delocalisation, but with magnetic couplings of both molecules, leading to an unrealistic description of the aromatic behaviour in that region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trujillo
- School of Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Goar Sánchez-Sanz
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Characterization and quantification of quasi-aromaticity by spatial magnetic properties (TSNMRS). Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Arrieta A, Jiao H, Spannenberg A, Michalik D. NMR investigation and theoretical studies on the tautomerism of β,β′-tricarbonyl compounds. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sánchez-Sanz G, Trujillo C, Rozas I, Elguero J. A theoretical study on the aromaticity of benzene and related derivatives incorporating a C–C C–C fragment. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Muñoz-Castro A. On the magnetic behavior of spherical aromatic compounds. Insights from the closo-[B12H12]2− cluster through chemical shift tensor maps. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Yamasaki R, Ikeda H, Masu H, Azumaya I, Saito S. Synthesis and properties of phenylogous amides. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Maturana RG, Vargas MP, Muñoz-Castro A. Survey Of Long d10–d10 Metallophilic Contacts in Four-Membered Rings of Ag(I) and Au(I) Supported by Carbene–Pyrazole Mixed Ligands. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8737-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp304928k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raul Guajardo Maturana
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel Ponce Vargas
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 275, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Departamento de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 275, Santiago, Chile
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Sánchez-Sanz G, Alkorta I, Trujillo C, Elguero J. A theoretical NMR study of the structure of benzynes and some of their carbocyclic and heterocyclic analogs. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kleinpeter E, Koch A. Are lithium and sodium salts of N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-salicylaldimine aromatic metalla-hetero[10]annulenes? An answer given by spatial magnetic properties (through space NMR shieldings—TSNMRS). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:8742-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40501f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Baranac-Stojanović M, Kleinpeter E. Quantification of the Aromaticity of 2-Alkylidenethiazolines Subjected to Push–Pull Activity. J Org Chem 2011; 76:3861-71. [DOI: 10.1021/jo200294f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Baranac-Stojanović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, P.O. Box 158, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Center for Chemistry ICTM, P.O. Box 473, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Chemisches Institut der Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam (Golm), Germany
| | - Erich Kleinpeter
- Chemisches Institut der Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Strasse 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam (Golm), Germany
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Kleinpeter E, Koch A. Chelatoaromaticity—existing: yes or no? An answer given by spatial magnetic properties (through space NMR shieldings—TSNMRS). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:20593-601. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21942a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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