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Zhong S, Hu M, Zhang L, Li H, Zhang Q, Ru X, Wang LA. Leaching behavior and kinetics of beryllium in beryllium-containing sludge (BCS). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124497. [PMID: 38964645 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Beryllium-containing sludge (BCS) is a byproduct of the physicochemical treatment of beryllium smelting wastewater. The pollutant element beryllium within BCS is highly unstable and extremely toxic, characterized by its small ionic radius and low charge density, resulting in a high risk of leaching and migration. This study is the first to investigate the leaching behavior, influencing mechanisms, and kinetic processes of beryllium in BCS under various environmental conditions. The results indicate that, under national standard conditions, beryllium exhibits a rapid leaching phase within the first 5 h, which then stabilizes after 10 h, with the total leached content significantly exceeding the leaching toxicity identification standards. Under mildly acidic (pH ≤ 5) or highly alkaline (pH = 14) conditions, beryllium demonstrates pronounced leaching and migration behaviors. Notably, in acidic conditions, the leaching rate exceeds 80% within 5 h. Combining the treatment process of beryllium-containing wastewater with analytical methods such as SEM, XPS, ToF-SIMS, and FTIR, it is revealed that due to the heterogeneous nature of BCS, the particle aggregates dissociate over time under acidic conditions. The particle surfaces become increasingly rough, leading to dissolution and the emergence of more reactive sites, resulting in a high proportion of beryllium leaching. Under these conditions, the gradual reaction of Be(OH)2 in BCS to form soluble Be2+ and its hydrolytic complexes is identified as the primary mechanism for extensive beryllium migration. The process encounters minimal diffusion resistance and is classified as reaction-controlled. In acidic conditions with pH = 4, the leaching rate of beryllium significantly increases with rising temperature. The leaching kinetics equation is [(1-x)-0.44]=e(18.26-53050RT)·t, with an apparent activation energy of 53.05 kJ mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhong
- College of Life Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 541004, PR China.
| | - Min Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 541004, PR China.
| | - Lishan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 541004, PR China.
| | - Huifang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 541004, PR China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 541004, PR China.
| | - Xuan Ru
- College of Life Sciences, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, 541004, PR China.
| | - Li Ao Wang
- School of Resource and Safety Engineeing, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 40044, PR China.
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2
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Hu Y, Chaka A, Dixon DA. Thermodynamics of the Metal Carbonates and Bicarbonates of Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn Relevant to Mineral Energetics. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7874-7887. [PMID: 36265130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The gas phase heats of formation of ground-state MCO3, M(HCO3)2, and M(HCO3)(OH), where M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn, have been predicted using the correlated molecular orbital theory at the CCSD(T) level extrapolated to the complete basis set limit using the Feller-Peterson-Dixon (FPD) approach. Cohesive energies of the carbonates were predicted based on the calculated gas phase and experimental solid heats of formation. Coulombic dissociation energies (CDEs) between metal cations and anions show a near-linear correlation with Shannon metal cation atomic radii, yet no correlation is found with the hardness of these cations. The total reaction dissociation energies (TRDEs) of transition metals are higher than their CDEs for the di-bicarbonates, in contrast to those for Mg and Ca based on our prior work. In addition to differences in the energies needed to prepare the transition metal dications, electron donation from the ligands to the 3d orbitals of open-shell transition metal dications from lone pairs of adjacent O atoms also plays a role. No electron donation from the ligands to the fully occupied 3d orbitals of Zn and Cd was found. Decomposition energies for generating MO, CO2, and/or H2O were calculated. Gas phase metal exchange energies only partially correlate with the electrochemical series for M(s) → M2+(aq). The FPD heats of formation were used to benchmark a range of density functional theory exchange-correlation functionals, including those commonly used in solid-state mineral calculations. None of the functionals provided chemical accuracy agreement (±1 kcal/mol) with the FPD results. The best agreement with the FPD results is predicted for the τ-HCTH functional with an average unsigned error of 8.3 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Anne Chaka
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-96, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David A Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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3
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Devore TC, Wang H, Winstead CB, Gole JL, Hu Y, Dixon DA. Electronically Excited Complex Formation in Magnesium Cluster-Halogen Atom Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1848-1860. [PMID: 35291763 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A near ultraviolet transition of Mg2F has been observed in emission from the reaction between magnesium clusters, most likely Mg3, and fluorine atoms. Because there is little evidence for upper-state internal excitation, the spectrum is assigned assuming that the upper state is quenched to its lowest vibrational levels. Two of possibly three ground-state vibrational frequencies, υ1 = 516 ± 10 cm-1 and υ2 = 104 ± 10 cm-1, have been established. Dispersed laser-induced fluorescence studies extrapolating on the observed chemiluminescence indicate an excited-state symmetric stretch frequency of order 370 ± 30 cm-1. Electronic structure calculations at the CCSD(T)/CBS level predict that the ground state of Mg2F has C2v symmetry and can be described as an Mg2+F- ion pair with two Mg-F bonds. Like the MgF A-X transition that is largely a transition between Mg orbitals, the observed transition in Mg2F is largely between orbitals on the magnesium dimer ion. The asymmetric C∞v Mg2+F- complex is also a minimum and is predicted to be 6.7 kcal/mol higher in energy. Calculated structures for the Mg2Cl isomers are also presented and used to further interpret the experimental results for the reaction of Mg clusters with Cl atoms. In contrast to Mg2F, the ground state of Mg2Cl is a linear C∞v MgMgCl structure with the C2v and D∞h isomers of the MgClMg structure slightly higher in energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Devore
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States.,Department of Chemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, United States
| | - He Wang
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Chris B Winstead
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - James L Gole
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yiqin Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - David A Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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4
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Doudin N, Collinge G, Persaud RR, Gurunathan PK, Lee MS, Glezakou VA, Dixon DA, Rousseau R, Dohnálek Z. Binding and stability of MgO monomers on anatase TiO 2(101). J Chem Phys 2021; 154:204703. [PMID: 34241167 DOI: 10.1063/5.0047521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In catalysis, MgO is often used to modify the acid-base properties of support oxides and to stabilize supported metal atoms and particles on oxides. In this study, we show how the sublimation of MgO powder can be used to deposit MgO monomers, hither on anatase TiO2(101). A combination of x-ray electron spectroscopy, high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy, and density functional theory is employed to gain insight into the MgO monomer binding, electronic and vibrational properties, and thermal stability. In the most stable configuration, the Mg and O of the MgO monomer bind to two surface oxygens and one undercoordinated surface titanium, respectively. The additional binding weakens the Mg-O monomer bond and makes Mg more ionic. The monomers are thermally stable up to 600 K, where the onset of diffusion into the TiO2 bulk is observed. The monomeric MgO species on TiO2(101) represent an ideal atomically precise system with modified acid-base properties and will be employed in our future catalytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nassar Doudin
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate and Institute for Integrated Catalysis, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Greg Collinge
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate and Institute for Integrated Catalysis, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Rudradatt R Persaud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - Pradeep Kumar Gurunathan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate and Institute for Integrated Catalysis, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Mal-Soon Lee
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate and Institute for Integrated Catalysis, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Vassiliki-Alexandra Glezakou
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate and Institute for Integrated Catalysis, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - David A Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, USA
| | - Roger Rousseau
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate and Institute for Integrated Catalysis, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Zdenek Dohnálek
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate and Institute for Integrated Catalysis, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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5
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Fromm KM. Chemistry of alkaline earth metals: It is not all ionic and definitely not boring! Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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6
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Hu Y, Vasiliu M, Thanthiriwatte KS, Jackson VE, Chaka AM, Dixon DA. Thermodynamics of Metal Carbonates and Bicarbonates and Their Hydrates for Mg, Ca, Fe, and Cd Relevant to Mineral Energetics. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1829-1840. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiqin Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Monica Vasiliu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - K. Sahan Thanthiriwatte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Virgil E. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Anne M. Chaka
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-96, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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7
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Scaling exchange and correlation in the on-top density functional of multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory: effect on electronic excitation energies and bond energies. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-019-2539-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Fang L, Feng JJ, Shi X, Si T, Song Y, Jia H, Li Y, Li HW, Zhang Q. Turning bulk materials into 0D, 1D and 2D metallic nanomaterials by selective aqueous corrosion. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:10476-10479. [PMID: 31411601 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04807c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The realization of the facile and green synthesis of low-dimensional nanomaterials is critical not only for energy storage but also for catalysis. A selective aqueous corrosion strategy is presented here for obtaining low-dimensional metals, including nanoparticles, nanofibers and nanosheets, based on the dealloying of aqueous-favoring metal from its bulk alloy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, P. R. China.
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9
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Minenkov Y, Sharapa DI, Cavallo L. Application of Semiempirical Methods to Transition Metal Complexes: Fast Results but Hard-to-Predict Accuracy. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:3428-3439. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yury Minenkov
- Moscow Institute
of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Pereulok 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dmitry I. Sharapa
- Chair of Theoretical Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Minenkov Y, Bistoni G, Riplinger C, Auer AA, Neese F, Cavallo L. Pair natural orbital and canonical coupled cluster reaction enthalpies involving light to heavy alkali and alkaline earth metals: the importance of sub-valence correlation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:9374-9391. [PMID: 28327742 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00836h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we tested canonical and domain based pair natural orbital coupled cluster methods (CCSD(T) and DLPNO-CCSD(T), respectively) for a set of 32 ligand exchange and association/dissociation reaction enthalpies involving ionic complexes of Li, Be, Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb(ii). Two strategies were investigated: in the former, only valence electrons were included in the correlation treatment, giving rise to the computationally very efficient FC (frozen core) approach; in the latter, all non-ECP electrons were included in the correlation treatment, giving rise to the AE (all electron) approach. Apart from reactions involving Li and Be, the FC approach resulted in non-homogeneous performance. The FC approach leads to very small errors (<2 kcal mol-1) for some reactions of Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba and Pb, while for a few reactions of Ca and Ba deviations up to 40 kcal mol-1 have been obtained. Large errors are both due to artificial mixing of the core (sub-valence) orbitals of metals and the valence orbitals of oxygen and halogens in the molecular orbitals treated as core, and due to neglecting core-core and core-valence correlation effects. These large errors are reduced to a few kcal mol-1 if the AE approach is used or the sub-valence orbitals of metals are included in the correlation treatment. On the technical side, the CCSD(T) and DLPNO-CCSD(T) results differ by a fraction of kcal mol-1, indicating the latter method as the perfect choice when the CPU efficiency is essential. For completely black-box applications, as requested in catalysis or thermochemical calculations, we recommend the DLPNO-CCSD(T) method with all electrons that are not covered by effective core potentials included in the correlation treatment and correlation-consistent polarized core valence basis sets of cc-pwCVQZ(-PP) quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Minenkov
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Giovanni Bistoni
- Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Christoph Riplinger
- Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Alexander A Auer
- Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Frank Neese
- Department of Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstr. 34-36, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, KAUST Catalysis Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Vasiliu M, Hill JG, Peterson KA, Dixon DA. Structures and Heats of Formation of Simple Alkaline Earth Metal Compounds II: Fluorides, Chlorides, Oxides, and Hydroxides for Ba, Sr, and Ra. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:316-327. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b09056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Vasiliu
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - J. Grant Hill
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Kirk A. Peterson
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Box 870336, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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12
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Mirdha RH, Naskar P, Chaudhury P. Mapping out reaction paths for conformational changes in (M
g
O)
n
clusters: a study based on a stochastic procedure. Struct Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-017-1049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Kas M, Loreau J, Liévin J, Vaeck N. Ab initio study of the neutral and anionic alkali and alkaline earth hydroxides: Electronic structure and prospects for sympathetic cooling of OH . J Chem Phys 2017; 146:194309. [PMID: 28527437 PMCID: PMC5438307 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have performed a systematic ab initio study on alkali and alkaline earth hydroxide neutral (MOH) and anionic (MOH-) species where M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs or Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba. The CCSD(T) method with extended basis sets and Dirac-Fock relativistic effective core potentials for the heavier atoms has been used to study their equilibrium geometries, interaction energies, electron affinities, electric dipole moment, and potential energy surfaces. All neutral and anionic species exhibit a linear shape with the exception of BeOH, BeOH-, and MgOH-, for which the equilibrium structure is found to be bent. Our analysis shows that the alkaline earth hydroxide anions are valence-bound whereas the alkali hydroxide anions are dipole bound. In the context of sympathetic cooling of OH- by collision with ultracold alkali and alkaline earth atoms, we investigate the 2D MOH- potential energy surfaces and the associative detachment reaction M + OH→- MOH + e-, which is the only energetically allowed reactive channel in the cold regime. We discuss the implication for the sympathetic cooling of OH- and conclude that Li and K are the best candidates for an ultracold buffer gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milaim Kas
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique (CQP), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Loreau
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique (CQP), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Liévin
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique (CQP), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Vaeck
- Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique (CQP), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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14
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Kalemos A. The nature of the chemical bond in BeO 0,-, BeOBe +,0,-, and in their hydrogenated products HBeO 0,-, BeOH, HBeOH, BeOBeH +,0,-, and HBeOBeH. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:104307. [PMID: 28298112 DOI: 10.1063/1.4977930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nature of the chemical bond in BeO0,-, BeOBe+,0,-, and in their hydrogenated products HBeO0,-, BeOH, HBeOH, BeOBeH+,0,-, and HBeOBeH has been studied through single and multi reference correlation methods. In all these species, excited and ionized atomic states participate in a resonant way making chemically possible molecules that have been termed hypervalent and explain also the "incompatible" geometrical structure of some species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Kalemos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Athens 157 71, Greece
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15
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Vasiliu M, Peterson KA, Dixon DA. Benchmark-Quality Atomization Energies for BeH and BeH2. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:649-653. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Vasiliu
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Kirk A. Peterson
- Department
of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630 United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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16
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Wan MJ, Shao JX, Huang DH, Jin CG, Yu Y, Wang FH. Laser cooling of BeCl and BeBr molecules in an ab initio method. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:26731-9. [PMID: 26395542 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03677a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of laser-cooling of BeCl and BeBr molecules is studied using ab initio quantum chemistry. The potential energy curves for the X(2)Σ(+), A(2)Π, and 2(2)Π electronic states of BeCl and BeBr are plotted based on multi-reference configuration interaction plus Davidson corrections (MRCI + Q), and the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effects are considered at the MRCI + Q level. The calculated spectroscopic parameters agree with the experimental data. Highly diagonally distributed Franck-Condon factors are determined for the A(2)Π(ν' = 0) ← X(2)Σ(+)(ν'' = 0) transition: f00(BeCl) = 0.947 and f00(BeBr) = 0.966. Moreover, the suitable radiative lifetimes τ of the A(2)Π(ν' = 0) state are determined for rapid laser cooling: τ(BeCl) = 18.38 ns and τ(BeBr) = 27.09 ns. The proposed cooling wavelengths of both BeCl and BeBr are within the ultraviolet region at λ00(BeCl) = 358.51 nm and λ00(BeBr) = 379.38 nm. Laser cooling schemes for BeCl and BeBr molecules are also developed in consideration of the SOC effects. These results indicate that the inclusion of SOC effects does not affect the judgment of the feasibility of laser cooling of BeCl and BeBr molecules, even for the given BeBr molecules in which the SOC effect is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-jie Wan
- Computational Physics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Yibin University, Yibin, 644007, China.
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17
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Li Manni G, Carlson RK, Luo S, Ma D, Olsen J, Truhlar DG, Gagliardi L. Multiconfiguration Pair-Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 10:3669-80. [PMID: 26588512 DOI: 10.1021/ct500483t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a new theoretical framework, called Multiconfiguration Pair-Density Functional Theory (MC-PDFT), which combines multiconfigurational wave functions with a generalization of density functional theory (DFT). A multiconfigurational self-consistent-field (MCSCF) wave function with correct spin and space symmetry is used to compute the total electronic density, its gradient, the on-top pair density, and the kinetic and Coulomb contributions to the total electronic energy. We then use a functional of the total density, its gradient, and the on-top pair density to calculate the remaining part of the energy, which we call the on-top-density-functional energy in contrast to the exchange-correlation energy of Kohn-Sham DFT. Because the on-top pair density is an element of the two-particle density matrix, this goes beyond the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem that refers only to the one-particle density. To illustrate the theory, we obtain first approximations to the required new type of density functionals by translating conventional density functionals of the spin densities using a simple prescription, and we perform post-SCF density functional calculations using the total density, density gradient, and on-top pair density from the MCSCF calculations. Double counting of dynamic correlation or exchange does not occur because the MCSCF energy is not used. The theory is illustrated by applications to the bond energies and potential energy curves of H2, N2, F2, CaO, Cr2, and NiCl and the electronic excitation energies of Be, C, N, N(+), O, O(+), Sc(+), Mn, Co, Mo, Ru, N2, HCHO, C4H6, c-C5H6, and pyrazine. The method presented has a computational cost and scaling similar to MCSCF, but a quantitative accuracy, even with the present first approximations to the new types of density functionals, that is comparable to much more expensive multireference perturbation theory methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Li Manni
- Department of Chemistry, Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Rebecca K Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sijie Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Dongxia Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jeppe Olsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Donald G Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Supercomputing Institute, and Chemical Theory Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Chen M, Jackson VE, Felmy AR, Dixon DA. Structures and Energetics of (MgCO3)n Clusters (n ≤ 16). J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:3419-28. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511823k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Chen
- National
Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Virgil E. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Andrew R. Felmy
- Fundamental Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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Virot F, Barrachin M, Souvi S, Cantrel L. Theoretical prediction of thermodynamic properties of tritiated beryllium molecules and application to ITER source term. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2014.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pandey RK, Waters K, Nigam S, He H, Pingale SS, Pandey AC, Pandey R. A theoretical study of structural and electronic properties of alkaline-earth fluoride clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Yu H, Truhlar DG. What Dominates the Error in the CaO Diatomic Bond Energy Predicted by Various Approximate Exchange–Correlation Functionals? J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:2291-305. [DOI: 10.1021/ct5000814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Yu
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry,
Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United States
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22
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Chen M, Felmy AR, Dixon DA. Structures and Stabilities of (MgO)n Nanoclusters. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3136-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jp412820z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Andrew R. Felmy
- Fundamental Sciences
Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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Mascaritolo KJ, Merritt JM, Heaven MC, Jensen P. Experimental and theoretical characterization of the 2(2)A'-1(2)A' transition of BeOH/D. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13654-63. [PMID: 24032368 DOI: 10.1021/jp407655h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hydroxides of Ca, Sr, and Ba are known to be linear molecules, while MgOH is quasilinear. High-level ab initio calculations for BeOH predict a bent equilibrium structure with a bond angle of 140.9°, indicating a significant contribution of covalency to the bonding. However, experimental confirmation of the bent structure is lacking. In the present study, we have used laser excitation techniques to observe the 2(2)A'-1(2)A' transition of BeOH/D in the energy range of 30300-32800 cm(-1). Rotationally resolved spectra were obtained, with sufficient resolution to reveal spin splittings for the electronically excited state. Two-color photoionization was used to determine an ionization energy of 66425(10) cm(-1). Ab initio calculations were used to guide the analysis of the spectroscopic data. Multireference configuration interaction calculations were used to construct potential energy surfaces for the 1(2)A', 2(2)A', and 1(2)A" states. The rovibronic eigenstates supported by these surfaces were determined using the Morse oscillator rigid bender internal dynamics Hamiltonian. The theoretical results were in sufficiently good agreement with the experimental data to permit unambiguous assignment. It was confirmed that the equilibrium geometry of the ground state is bent and that the barrier to linearity lies below the zero-point energies for both BeOH and BeOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Mascaritolo
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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24
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Adaptation of the ASTEC code system to accident scenarios in fusion installations. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2013.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rossa M, Cabanillas-Vidosa I, Pino GA, Ferrero JC. New determination of the adiabatic ionization potential of the BaOH radical from laser photoionization-molecular beam experiments and ab initio calculations. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:064303. [PMID: 22360183 DOI: 10.1063/1.3682283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The adiabatic ionization potential of the BaOH radical, as generated in a laser vaporization-supersonic expansion source has been determined by laser photoionization experiments to be (4.55 ± 0.03) eV. This value supports the three lowest out of seven previous experimental estimates, the former ranging from 4.35 to 4.62 eV. The present result is compared to ab initio calculations, as performed using both quantum chemistry at different levels of theory and density functional theory, and trying several effective core potentials and their accompanying basis sets for Ba. The most satisfactory agreement is obtained for either the adiabatic or vertical ionization potentials that derive from post-Hartree-Fock [MP2 and CCSD(T)] treatments of electron correlation, along with consideration of relativistic effects and extensive basis sets for Ba, in both BaOH and BaOH(+). Such conclusions extend to the results of related calculations on the Ba-OH dissociation energies of BaOH and BaOH(+), which were performed to help in calibrating the present computational study. Bonding in BaOH/BaOH(+), as well as possible sources of discrepancy with previous experimental determinations of the BaOH adiabatic ionization potential are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Rossa
- INFIQC-Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, X5000IUS Córdoba, Argentina
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