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Nassery-Thekyeh Z, Gholiee Y. Electronic structure, nature of bond and carbonyl vibrational frequency analysis of half-sandwich complexes [(η6-arene)M(CO)3] (arene = hexafluorobenzene, 1,3,5-trifluorobenzene, benzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, hexamethylbenzene; M = Cr, Mo, W); A theoretical study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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2
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Hansen CS, Marchetti B, Karsili TNV, Ashfold MNR. Ultraviolet photodissociation of gas-phase transition metal complexes: dicarbonylcyclopentadienyliodoiron(II). Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1813343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Manton JC, Cerpentier FJR, Harvey EC, Clark IP, Greetham GM, Long C, Pryce MT. Photochemical or electrochemical bond breaking – exploring the chemistry of (μ 2-alkyne)Co 2(CO) 6 complexes using time-resolved infrared spectroscopy, spectro-electrochemical and density functional methods. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14642-14652. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photoassisted Pauson–Khand reaction involves the formation of a high-spin diradical species and not CO loss as previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emma C. Harvey
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Ian P. Clark
- Central Laser Facility
- Science & Technology Facilities Council
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
| | - Gregory M. Greetham
- Central Laser Facility
- Science & Technology Facilities Council
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Didcot
| | - Conor Long
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Mary T. Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
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Manton JC, Amirjalayer S, Coleman AC, McMahon S, Harvey EC, Greetham GM, Clark IP, Buma WJ, Woutersen S, Pryce MT, Long C. Excited state evolution towards ligand loss and ligand chelation at group 6 metal carbonyl centres. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:17797-805. [PMID: 25093429 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01544d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photochemistry and photophysics of three model "half-sandwich" complexes (η(6)-benzophenone)Cr(CO)3, (η(6)-styrene)Cr(CO)3, and (η(6)-allylbenzene)Cr(CO)3 were investigated using pico-second time-resolved infrared spectroscopy and time-dependent density functional theory methods. The (η(6)-benzophenone)Cr(CO)3 complex was studied using two excitation wavelengths (470 and 320 nm) while the remaining complexes were irradiated using 400 nm light. Two independent excited states were detected spectroscopically for each complex, one an unreactive excited state of metal-to-arene charge-transfer character and the other with metal-to-carbonyl charge transfer character. This second excited state leads to an arrested release of CO on the pico-second time-scale. Low-energy excitation (470 nm) of (η(6)-benzophenone)Cr(CO)3 populated only the unreactive excited state which simply relaxes to the parent complex. Higher energy irradiation (320 nm) induced CO-loss. Irradiation of (η(6)-styrene)Cr(CO)3, or (η(6)-allylbenzene)Cr(CO)3 at 400 nm provided evidence for the simultaneous population of both the reactive and unreactive excited states. The efficiency at which the unreactive excited state is populated depends on the degree of conjugation of the substituent with the arene π-system and this affects the efficiency of the CO-loss process. The quantum yield of CO-loss is 0.50 for (η(6)-allylbenzene)Cr(CO)3 and 0.43 for (η(6)-styrene)Cr(CO)3. These studies provide evidence for the existence of two photophysical routes to CO loss, a minor ultrafast route and an arrested mechanism involving the intermediate population of a reactive excited state. This reactive excited state either relaxes to reform the parent species or eject CO. Thus the quantum yield of the CO-loss is strongly dependent on the excitation wavelength. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations confirm that the state responsible for ultrafast CO-loss has significant metal-centred character while the reactive state responsible for the arrested CO-loss has significant metal-to-carbonyl charge-transfer character. The CO-loss product (η(6)-allylbenzene)Cr(CO)2 formed following irradiation of (η(6)-allylbenzene)Cr(CO)3 reacts further with the pendent alkenyl group to form the chelate product (η(6),η(2)-allylbenzene)Cr(CO)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer C Manton
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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McMahon S, Rochford J, Halpin Y, Manton JC, Harvey EC, Greetham GM, Clark IP, Rooney AD, Long C, Pryce MT. Controlled CO release using photochemical, thermal and electrochemical approaches from the amino carbene complex [(CO)5CrC(NC4H8)CH3]. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:21230-3. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03758h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Duke CB, Letterman RG, Johnson JO, Barr JW, Hu S, Ross CR, Webster CE, Burkey TJ. Photochemistry of Chromium Arene Tricarbonyl Complexes with Tethered Pyridinyl and Propenyl Groups: Investigations of the Effect of Ring Size on Chelate Formation, Structure, and Linkage Isomerization. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om400928k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles B. Duke
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 213 Smith
Chemistry Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152-3550, United States
| | - Roger G. Letterman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 213 Smith
Chemistry Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152-3550, United States
| | - Jermaine O. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 213 Smith
Chemistry Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152-3550, United States
| | - James W. Barr
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 213 Smith
Chemistry Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152-3550, United States
| | - Songnan Hu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 213 Smith
Chemistry Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152-3550, United States
| | - Charles R. Ross
- Department of Structural
Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, 332 North Lauderdale, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794, United States
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 213 Smith
Chemistry Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152-3550, United States
| | - Theodore J. Burkey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Memphis, 213 Smith
Chemistry Building, Memphis, Tennessee 38152-3550, United States
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Garino C, Salassa L. The photochemistry of transition metal complexes using density functional theory. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2013; 371:20120134. [PMID: 23776295 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2012.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) to study the photochemistry of metal complexes is becoming increasingly important among chemists. Computational methods provide unique information on the electronic nature of excited states and their atomic structure, integrating spectroscopy observations on transient species and excited-state dynamics. In this contribution, we present an overview on photochemically active transition metal complexes investigated by DFT. In particular, we discuss a representative range of systems studied up to now, which include CO- and NO-releasing inorganic and organometallic complexes, haem and haem-like complexes dissociating small diatomic molecules, photoactive anti-cancer Pt and Ru complexes, Ru polypyridyls and diphosphino Pt derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Garino
- Department of Chemistry and NIS Centre of Excellence, University of Turin, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Brown-Xu SE, Chisholm MH, Durr CB, Gustafson TL, Naseri V, Spilker TF. Electronic Structure and Excited-State Dynamics of the Molecular Triads: trans-M2(TiPB)2[O2CC6H5-η6-Cr(CO)3]2, Where M = Mo or W, and TiPB = 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzoate. J Am Chem Soc 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ja310651y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Brown-Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| | - Malcolm H. Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| | - Christopher B. Durr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| | - Terry L. Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| | - Vesal Naseri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
| | - Thomas F. Spilker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United
States
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Long C. Potential energy mapping of the excited-states of (η6-arene)Cr(CO)3 complexes: the evolution toward CO-loss or haptotropic shift processes. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:6845-50. [PMID: 22650265 DOI: 10.1021/jp301118v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The potential energy profiles of the optically accessible excited states of two model (η(6)-arene)Cr(CO)(3) systems were explored using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory. Two photochemical reactions were investigated, CO-loss and the haptotropic or ring-slip of the arene ligand. In both cases the photochemical reaction requires the surmounting of a small thermal barrier in the lowest energy excited state. In the case of (η(6)-benzene)Cr(CO)(3) only one excited state is populated following 400 nm excitation and this leads to the release of CO. The calculated energy barrier to this process is 13 kJ mol(-1). In the case of (η(6)-thiophenol)Cr(CO)(3) two excited states are accessible one leading to CO-loss while the other results in the ring-slip process. The calculated barrier to the ring-slip process is 11 kJ mol(-1). The calculations are consistent with the results of picosecond time-resolved infrared studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor Long
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Clark IP, George MW, Greetham GM, Harvey EC, Long C, Manton JC, McArdle H, Pryce MT. Photochemistry of (η6-Anisole)Cr(CO)3 and (η6-Thioanisole)Cr(CO)3: Evidence for a Photoinduced Haptotropic Shift of the Thioanisole Ligand, a Picosecond Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:962-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp211726j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian P. Clark
- Central Laser Facility, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory M. Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Emma C. Harvey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Conor Long
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - Hazel McArdle
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Mary T. Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Sun H, Tian X, Wang J, Zhang J, Yuan Y, Sun ZR. Theoretical studies on molecular and structures of mono- and binuclear chromium carbazole derivatives for optoelectronics. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:14495-501. [PMID: 22040158 DOI: 10.1021/jp2066452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the molecular geometries, electronic properties and second-order nonlinearities of a series of mono- and binuclear chromium carbazole complexes: (N-vinylcarbazole)Cr(CO)(3) (M1), (N-vinylcarbazole)Cr(CO)(2)PPh(3) (M2), (CO)(3)Cr(N-vinylcarbazole)Cr(CO)(3) (B1), and (CO)(3)Cr(N-vinylcarbazole)Cr(CO)(2)PPh(3) (B2) were carried out, using the density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP//LanL2DZ/6-31G(d) level. The experimental singlet metal-to-ligand charge transfer ((1)MLCT) spectra of these complexes can also be well simulated and discussed by the time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) at the B3LYP//LanL2DZ/6-311+G(d) level associated with the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The computational results show that an unusual characteristic of chromium carbazole structures is explained in terms of interaction between frontier molecular orbitals of the metal and its ligands. The highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) of these complexes are composed of a set of distorted degenerated Cr 3d orbitals, whereas the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) are predominantly the N-vinylcarbazole ligand π* orbitals. The HOMO-LUMO energy gaps decrease in the order NVC > M1 > B1 > M2 > B2. The considerable coupling between the carbazole and (CO)(3) in M1 creates an asymmetric environment about the chromium atom, leading to modest second-order responses. The PPh(3) ligand is acting as a donor which increases the donating strength of the d(π) orbitals in chromium carbazole species, resulting in the large electronic asymmetry in M2. As for the binuclear chromium carbazole chromophores, a wide-range (1)MLCT band and large oscillator strength are found, allowing for the electronic interactions between two metal centers which can be modified by altering the ligand bound to the metals to induce peculiar asymmetry. Essentially, Cr(CO)(3) acceptor and Cr(CO)(2)PPh(3) donor units in B2 make significant contribution to the charge-transfer process or NLO responses via conventional push-pull chromophoric architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Sun
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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George MW, Long C, Pryce MT, Sun XZ, Vuong KQ. A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Wavelength-Dependent Photophysics of (η6-benzene)Mo(CO)3. Organometallics 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/om200861q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Conor Long
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Mary T. Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Xue-Zhong Sun
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Khuong Q. Vuong
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Picardi G, Keyes TE, Forster RJ, Long C. Probing the Metal-to-Ligand Charge Transfer First Excited State in (η6-Naphthalene)Cr(CO)3 and (η6-Phenanthrene)Cr(CO)3 by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11641-51. [DOI: 10.1021/jp206466b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gennaro Picardi
- National Bioimaging Platform of Ireland, and The School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- National Bioimaging Platform of Ireland, and The School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Robert J. Forster
- National Bioimaging Platform of Ireland, and The School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Conor Long
- National Bioimaging Platform of Ireland, and The School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Clark IP, George MW, Greetham GM, Harvey EC, Long C, Manton JC, Pryce MT. Photochemistry of (η6-Arene)Cr(CO)3 (Arene = Methylbenzoate, Naphthalene, or Phenanthrene) in n-Heptane Solution: Population of Two Excited States Following 400 nm Excitation As Detected by Picosecond Time-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:2985-93. [DOI: 10.1021/jp112168u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian P. Clark
- Central Laser Facility, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Michael W. George
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory M. Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Science & Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Emma C. Harvey
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Conor Long
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - Mary T. Pryce
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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