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Cotterell MI, Knight JW, Reid JP, Orr-Ewing AJ. Accurate Measurement of the Optical Properties of Single Aerosol Particles Using Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2619-2631. [PMID: 35467353 PMCID: PMC9082593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
New approaches for the sensitive and accurate quantification of aerosol optical properties are needed to improve the current understanding of the unique physical chemistry of airborne particles and to explore their roles in fields as diverse as chemical manufacturing, healthcare, and atmospheric science. We have pioneered the use of cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), with concurrent angularly resolved elastic light scattering measurements, to interrogate the optical properties of single aerosol particles levitated in optical and electrodynamic traps. This approach enables the robust quantification of optical properties such as extinction cross sections for individual particles of known size. Our measurements can now distinguish the scattering and absorption contributions to the overall light extinction, from which the real and imaginary components of the complex refractive indices can be retrieved and linked to chemical composition. In this Feature Article, we show that this innovative measurement platform enables accurate and precise optical measurements for spherical and nonspherical particles, whether nonabsorbing or absorbing at the CRDS probe wavelength. We discuss the current limitations of our approach and the key challenges in physical and atmospheric chemistry that can now be addressed by CRDS measurements for single aerosol particles levitated in controlled environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. I. Cotterell
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - J. W. Knight
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - J. P. Reid
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
| | - A. J. Orr-Ewing
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K.
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Li S, Tao J, Chu X, Ji S, Ye C. Highly accurate particulate matter detection assisted by an air heater based on a silver nanowire film. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:485204. [PMID: 31430728 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab3cdb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, many studies have been carried out to solve the particulate matter pollution problem. However, the detection accuracy for particulate matter in the atmosphere remains unsatisfactory due to the influence of the air relative humidity. Herein, we report a Ag nanowire film air heater to enhance the detection accuracy through internal heating. From air temperature and air relative humidity relationship analysis, it has been found that the Ag nanowire film air heater can form the most suitable air relative humidity in the detection system, thereby enhancing the detection accuracy. Consequently, the Ag nanowire film air heater-assisted light scattering particulate matter detector has achieved tremendous enhancement in its detection accuracy, which is comparable with the data obtained by the beta gauge method. Film resistance plays a key role in internal air temperature distribution and the resultant air relative humidity at given voltages. To achieve the most suitable air relative humidity for continuous online monitoring, response time and power consumption should be balanced. Therefore, guidance for designing Ag nanowire films with proper resistance used in an optional-sized detector has been given for quick response, high accuracy and low power consumption. This work is of significance for providing insight for future studies in particulate matter detection and pollution remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Technology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
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Zhao W, Xu X, Fang B, Zhang Q, Qian X, Wang S, Liu P, Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu D, Huang Y, Venables DS, Chen W. Development of an incoherent broad-band cavity-enhanced aerosol extinction spectrometer and its application to measurement of aerosol optical hygroscopicity. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:E16-E22. [PMID: 28414337 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.000e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the development of a blue light-emitting-diode-based incoherent broad-band cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) instrument for the measurement of the aerosol extinction coefficient at λ=461 nm. With an effective absorption path length of 2.8 km, an optimum detection limit of 0.05 Mm-1 (5×10-10 cm-1) was achieved with an averaging time of 84 s. The baseline drift of the developed spectrometer was about ±0.3 Mm-1 over 2.5 h (1σ standard deviation). The performance of the system was evaluated with laboratory-generated monodispersed polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres. The retrieved complex refractive index of PSL agreed well with previously reported values. The relative humidity (RH) dependence of the aerosol extinction coefficient was measured using IBBCEAS. The measured extinction enhancement factor values for 200 nm dry ammonium sulphate particles at different RH were in good agreement with the modeled values. Field performance of the aerosol extinction spectrometer was demonstrated at the Hefei Radiation Observatory site.
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Cui H, Li B, Han Y, Wang J, Gao C, Wang Y. Extinction measurement with open-path cavity ring-down technique of variable cavity length. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:13343-13350. [PMID: 27410351 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.013343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Open-path cavity ring down (OPCRD) technique with variable cavity length was developed to measure optical extinction including scattering and absorption of air in laboratory environment at 635 nm wavelength. By moving the rear cavity mirror of the ring-down cavity to change cavity length, ring-down time with different cavity lengths was experimentally obtained and the dependence of total cavity loss on cavity length was determined. The extinction coefficient of air was determined by the slope of linear dependence of total cavity loss on cavity length. The extinction coefficients of air with different particle concentrations at 635 nm wavelength were measured to be from 10.46 to 84.19 Mm-1 (ppm/m) in a normal laboratory environment. This variable-cavity-length OPCRD technique can be used for absolute extinction measurement and real-time environmental monitoring without closed-path sample cells and background measurements.
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Moise T, Flores JM, Rudich Y. Optical Properties of Secondary Organic Aerosols and Their Changes by Chemical Processes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4400-39. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5005259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Moise
- Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - J. Michel Flores
- Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary
Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Cotterell MI, Mason BJ, Preston TC, Orr-Ewing AJ, Reid JP. Optical extinction efficiency measurements on fine and accumulation mode aerosol using single particle cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:15843-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00252d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report a new single aerosol particle approach using cavity ringdown spectroscopy to accurately determine optical extinction cross sections at multiple wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas C. Preston
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Department of Chemistry
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
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Veghte DP, Freedman MA. The Necessity of Microscopy to Characterize the Optical Properties of Size-Selected, Nonspherical Aerosol Particles. Anal Chem 2012; 84:9101-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3017373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Veghte
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
United States
| | - Miriam A. Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
United States
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Mason BJ, King SJ, Miles REH, Manfred KM, Rickards AMJ, Kim J, Reid JP, Orr-Ewing AJ. Comparison of the Accuracy of Aerosol Refractive Index Measurements from Single Particle and Ensemble Techniques. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8547-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3049668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J. Mason
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Simon-John King
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Rachael E. H. Miles
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Katherine M. Manfred
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | | | - Jin Kim
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Jonathan P. Reid
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Andrew J. Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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Extinction efficiencies of mixed aerosols measured by aerosol cavity ring down spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Smith GS. Estimate for the effect of forward scattering on the measurement of extinction for particles by cavity ringdown spectroscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2011; 50:5422-5429. [PMID: 22016208 DOI: 10.1364/ao.50.005422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An analytical model is formulated for the extinction of light by particles in a cavity ringdown spectroscopy measurement. The electromagnetic field inside the cavity is assumed to be the lowest-order Gaussian beam, and the scattering by the particles is incorporated using van de Hulst's approximation for the scattering by a sphere. This model includes both coherent scattering in the forward direction and strong scattering in the forward direction for electrically large particles. The model is used to estimate the amount of energy scattered by the particles that is coupled back into the incident beam. The consequences of this coupling for the measurement of the extinction cross section of spherical particles are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn S Smith
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0250, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Workman
- Unity Scientific LLC, 117 Old State Rd., Brookfield, Connecticut 06804, and United States National University, 11255 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Barry Lavine
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Ray Chrisman
- Atodyne Technologies, L.L.C., 4699 Pontiac Trail, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Mel Koch
- Center for Process Analytical Chemistry (CPAC), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
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