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Častorálová M, Sýs J, Prchal J, Pavlů A, Prokopová L, Briki Z, Hubálek M, Ruml T. A myristoyl switch at the plasma membrane triggers cleavage and oligomerization of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus matrix protein. eLife 2024; 13:e93489. [PMID: 38517277 PMCID: PMC11014724 DOI: 10.7554/elife.93489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
For most retroviruses, including HIV, association with the plasma membrane (PM) promotes the assembly of immature particles, which occurs simultaneously with budding and maturation. In these viruses, maturation is initiated by oligomerization of polyprotein precursors. In contrast, several retroviruses, such as Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV), assemble in the cytoplasm into immature particles that are transported across the PM. Therefore, protease activation and specific cleavage must not occur until the pre-assembled particle interacts with the PM. This interaction is triggered by a bipartite signal consisting of a cluster of basic residues in the matrix (MA) domain of Gag polyprotein and a myristoyl moiety N-terminally attached to MA. Here, we provide evidence that myristoyl exposure from the MA core and its insertion into the PM occurs in M-PMV. By a combination of experimental methods, we show that this results in a structural change at the C-terminus of MA allowing efficient cleavage of MA from the downstream region of Gag. This suggests that, in addition to the known effect of the myristoyl switch of HIV-1 MA on the multimerization state of Gag and particle assembly, the myristoyl switch may have a regulatory role in initiating sequential cleavage of M-PMV Gag in immature particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Častorálová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and TechnologyPragueCzech Republic
| | - Jakub Sýs
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and TechnologyPragueCzech Republic
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of Czech Academy of SciencePragueCzech Republic
| | - Jan Prchal
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and TechnologyPragueCzech Republic
| | - Anna Pavlů
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and TechnologyPragueCzech Republic
| | - Lucie Prokopová
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and TechnologyPragueCzech Republic
| | - Zina Briki
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and TechnologyPragueCzech Republic
| | - Martin Hubálek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of Czech Academy of SciencePragueCzech Republic
| | - Tomas Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and TechnologyPragueCzech Republic
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Hollóczki O. The Mechanism of N-Heterocyclic Carbene Organocatalysis through a Magnifying Glass. Chemistry 2020; 26:4885-4894. [PMID: 31797448 PMCID: PMC7187225 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The term "N-Heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis" is often invoked in organic synthesis for reactions that are catalyzed by different azolium salts in the presence of bases. Although the mechanism of these reactions is considered today evident, a closer look into the details that have been collected throughout the last century reveals that there are many open questions and even contradictions in the field. Emerging new theoretical and experimental results offer solutions to these problems, because they show that through considering alternative reaction mechanisms a more consistent picture on the catalytic process can be obtained. These novel perspectives will be able to extend the scope of the reactions that we call today N-heterocyclic carbene organocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oldamur Hollóczki
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical ChemistryUniversity of BonnBeringstrasse 4+653115BonnGermany
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Junková P, Prchal J, Spiwok V, Pleskot R, Kadlec J, Krásný L, Hynek R, Hrabal R, Ruml T. Molecular aspects of the interaction between Mason-Pfizer monkey virus matrix protein and artificial phospholipid membrane. Proteins 2016; 84:1717-1727. [PMID: 27578150 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Mason-Pfizer monkey virus is a type D retrovirus, which assembles its immature particles in the cytoplasm prior to their transport to the host cell membrane. The association with the membrane is mediated by the N-terminally myristoylated matrix protein. To reveal the role of particular residues which are involved in the capsid-membrane interaction, covalent labelling of arginine, lysine and tyrosine residues of the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus matrix protein bound to artificial liposomes containing 95% of phosphatidylcholine and 5% phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2 ) was performed. The experimental results were interpreted by multiscale molecular dynamics simulations. The application of these two complementary approaches helped us to reveal that matrix protein specifically recognizes the PI(4,5)P2 molecule by the residues K20, K25, K27, K74, and Y28, while the residues K92 and K93 stabilizes the matrix protein orientation on the membrane by the interaction with another PI(4,5)P2 molecule. Residues K33, K39, K54, Y66, Y67, and K87 appear to be involved in the matrix protein oligomerization. All arginine residues remained accessible during the interaction with liposomes which indicates that they neither contribute to the interaction with membrane nor are involved in protein oligomerization. Proteins 2016; 84:1717-1727. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Junková
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - J Prchal
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Spiwok
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Pleskot
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Kadlec
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Krásný
- Laboratory of molecular structure characterisation, Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Hynek
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Hrabal
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - T Ruml
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
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Doležal M, Zábranský A, Dostál J, Vaněk O, Brynda J, Lepšík M, Hadravová R, Pichová I. Myristoylation drives dimerization of matrix protein from mouse mammary tumor virus. Retrovirology 2016; 13:2. [PMID: 26728401 PMCID: PMC4700671 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-015-0235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myristoylation of the matrix (MA) domain mediates the transport and binding of Gag polyproteins to the plasma membrane (PM) and is required for the assembly of most retroviruses. In betaretroviruses, which assemble immature particles in the cytoplasm, myristoylation is dispensable for assembly but is crucial for particle transport to the PM. Oligomerization of HIV-1 MA stimulates the transition of the myristoyl group from a sequestered to an exposed conformation, which is more accessible for membrane binding. However, for other retroviruses, the effect of MA oligomerization on myristoyl group exposure has not been thoroughly investigated. Results Here, we demonstrate that MA from the betaretrovirus mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) forms dimers in solution and that this process is stimulated by its myristoylation. The crystal structure of N-myristoylated MMTV MA, determined at 1.57 Å resolution, revealed that the myristoyl groups are buried in a hydrophobic pocket at the dimer interface and contribute to dimer formation. Interestingly, the myristoyl groups in the dimer are mutually swapped to achieve energetically stable binding, as documented by molecular dynamics modeling. Mutations within the myristoyl binding site resulted in reduced MA dimerization and extracellular particle release. Conclusions Based on our experimental, structural, and computational data, we propose a model for dimerization of MMTV MA in which myristoyl groups stimulate the interaction between MA molecules. Moreover, dimer-forming MA molecules adopt a sequestered conformation with their myristoyl groups entirely buried within the interaction interface. Although this differs from the current model proposed for lentiviruses, in which oligomerization of MA triggers exposure of myristoyl group, it appears convenient for intracellular assembly, which involves no apparent membrane interaction and allows the myristoyl group to be sequestered during oligomerization. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-015-0235-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Doležal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Aleš Zábranský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Dostál
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondřej Vaněk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 128 40, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiří Brynda
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Romana Hadravová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Iva Pichová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Prchal J, Srb P, Hunter E, Ruml T, Hrabal R. The structure of myristoylated Mason-Pfizer monkey virus matrix protein and the role of phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate in its membrane binding. J Mol Biol 2012; 423:427-38. [PMID: 22863803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We determined the solution structure of myristoylated Mason-Pfizer monkey virus matrix protein by NMR spectroscopy. The myristoyl group is buried inside the protein and causes a slight reorientation of the helices. This reorientation leads to the creation of a binding site for phosphatidylinositols. The interaction between the matrix protein and phosphatidylinositols carrying C(8) fatty acid chains was monitored by observation of concentration-dependent chemical shift changes of the affected amino acid residues, a saturation transfer difference experiment and changes in (31)P chemical shifts. No differences in the binding mode or affinity were observed with differently phosphorylated phosphatidylinositols. The structure of the matrix protein-phosphatidylinositol-(4,5)-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P(2)] complex was then calculated with HADDOCK software based on the intermolecular nuclear Overhauser enhancement contacts between the ligand and the matrix protein obtained from a (13)C-filtered/(13)C-edited nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy experiment. PI(4,5)P(2) binding was not strong enough for triggering of the myristoyl-switch. The structural changes of the myristoylated matrix protein were also found to result in a drop in the oligomerization capacity of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Prchal
- Laboratory of NMR Spectroscopy, Institute of Chemical Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
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Takacs Z, Brotin T, Dutasta JP, Lang J, Todde G, Kowalewski J. Inclusion of Chloromethane Guests Affects Conformation and Internal Dynamics of Cryptophane-D Host. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:7898-913. [DOI: 10.1021/jp303469x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Takacs
- Department of Materials and
Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thierry Brotin
- Laboratoire de Chimie (CNRS-UMR,
5182), Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, 46 Allèe d‘Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Dutasta
- Laboratoire de Chimie (CNRS-UMR,
5182), Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, 46 Allèe d‘Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Jan Lang
- Department of Low Temperature
Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, V Holesovickach 2, CZ-180 00 Prague
8, Czech Republic
| | - Guido Todde
- Department of Materials and
Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jozef Kowalewski
- Department of Materials and
Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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