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Honda A, Nozawa R, Miyamura K. Molecular aggregation by hydrogen bonding in cold-crystallization behavior of mixed nucleobases analyzed by temperature-controlled infrared spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3776-3781. [PMID: 38274170 PMCID: PMC10808993 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08293h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The cold-crystallization behaviors of dodecyl-substituted nucleobases (adenine, uracil, and thymine) were analyzed. The dodecyl derivative from uracil alone did not exhibit cold crystallization; however, a mixture of adenine and uracil derivatives at a molar ratio of 1 : 1 exhibited cold crystallization. These results are similar to the thermal behavior of dodecyl derivatives of adenine and thymine alone and in mixtures reported in a previous study. Temperature-controlled infrared spectroscopy was used to observe the molecular assembly states of the liquid, supercooled state, and cold-crystallized compounds. Hydrogen-bonded molecular pairs in the high-temperature liquid state, multiple hydrogen-bonded networks in the supercooled state, and reverse Hoogsteen-type complementary hydrogen bonds in cold-crystallized compounds were observed using infrared spectroscopy. The heterogeneity of the system, due to multiple types of hydrogen bonding, retarded the crystallization rate, resulting in supercooling and cold crystallization. Infrared spectroscopy, which can be used to measure the aggregation state of molecules, including the liquid and supercooled states, is an effective analytical method for clarifying the process of cold crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Honda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Ryo Nozawa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Kazuo Miyamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science 1-3 Kagurazaka Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
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2
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Usabiaga I, Camiruaga A, Calabrese C, Veloso A, D'mello VC, Wategaonkar S, Fernández JA. Exploration of the theobromine-water dimer: comparison with DNA microhydration. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:15759-15768. [PMID: 32627788 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02397c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis of the appearance of life on Earth is an exciting research field. Many factors may have influenced the election of the molecules used by living beings and evolution may have modified those original compounds. In an attempt to understand the role played by intermolecular interactions in the election of CGAT as the alphabet of life, we present here a thorough experimental and computational study on the interaction of theobromine with water. Theobromine is a xanthine derivative, structurally related to the nucleobases, and also present in many living beings. The experimental results demonstrate that the most stable isomer of theobromine-water was formed and detected in supersonic expansions. This isomer very well resembles the structure of the dimers between nucleobases and water, offering similar values of binding energy. A comparison between the results obtained for theobromine-water with those reported in the literature for monohydrates of nucleobases is also offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imanol Usabiaga
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain.
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3
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Tekin A. Towards the crystal structure of thymine: An intermolecular force field development and parallel global cluster optimizations. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5131754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adem Tekin
- Informatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
- Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences (TÜBİTAK-TBAE), 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
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4
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Wei SC, Ho JW, Yen HC, Shi HQ, Cheng LH, Weng CN, Chou WK, Chiu CC, Cheng PY. Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics of Hydrogen-Bonded Cytosine Microsolvated Clusters with Protic and Aprotic Polar Solvents. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9412-9425. [PMID: 30452255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Microsolvation effects on the ultrafast excited-state deactivation dynamics of cytosine (Cy) were studied in hydrogen-bonded Cy clusters with protic and aprotic solvents using mass-resolved femtosecond pump-probe ionization spectroscopy. Two protic solvents, water (H2O) and methanol (MeOH), and one aprotic solvent, tetrahydrofuran (THF), were investigated, and transients of Cy·(H2O)1-6, Cy·(MeOH)1-3, and Cy·THF microsolvated clusters produced in supersonic expansions were measured. With the aid of electronic structure calculations, we assigned the observed dynamics to the low-energy isomers of various Cy clusters and discussed the microsolvation effect on the excited-state deactivation dynamics. With the protic solvents only the microsolvated clusters of Cy keto tautomer were observed. The observed decay time constants of Cy·(H2O) n are 0.5 ps for n = 1 and ∼0.2-0.25 ps for n = 2-6. For Cy·(MeOH) n clusters, the decay time constant for n = 1 cluster is similar to that of the Cy monohydrate, but for n = 2 and 3 the decays are about a factor of 2 slower than the corresponding microhydrates. With the aprotic solvent, THF, hydrogen-bonded complexes of both keto and enol tautomers are present in the beam. The keto-Cy·THF shows a decay similar to that of the keto-Cy monomer, whereas the enol-Cy·THF exhibits a 2-fold slower decay than the enol-Cy monomer, suggesting an increase in the barrier to excited-state deactivation upon binding of one THF molecule to the enol form of Cy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Wei
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan 30043 , Republic of China
| | - Jr-Wei Ho
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan 30043 , Republic of China
| | - Hung-Chien Yen
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan 30043 , Republic of China
| | - Hui-Qi Shi
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan 30043 , Republic of China
| | - Li-Hao Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan 30043 , Republic of China
| | - Chih-Nan Weng
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan 30043 , Republic of China
| | - Wei-Kuang Chou
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan 30043 , Republic of China
| | - Chih-Chung Chiu
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan 30043 , Republic of China
| | - Po-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan 30043 , Republic of China
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5
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Lischka H, Barbatti M, Siddique F, Das A, Aquino AJ. The effect of hydrogen bonding on the nonadiabatic dynamics of a thymine-water cluster. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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6
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Jawiczuk M. A theoretical study on the hydrogen bond and stability of cytosine and thymine dimers. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Zhu Y, Roy HA, Cunningham NA, Strobehn SF, Gao J, Munshi MU, Berden G, Oomens J, Rodgers MT. IRMPD Action Spectroscopy, ER-CID Experiments, and Theoretical Studies of Sodium Cationized Thymidine and 5-Methyluridine: Kinetic Trapping During the ESI Desolvation Process Preserves the Solution Structure of [Thd+Na]<sup/>. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:2423-2437. [PMID: 28836109 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-017-1753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Thymidine (dThd) is a fundamental building block of DNA nucleic acids, whereas 5-methyluridine (Thd) is a common modified nucleoside found in tRNA. In order to determine the conformations of the sodium cationized thymine nucleosides [dThd+Na]+ and [Thd+Na]+ produced by electrospray ionization, their infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) action spectra are measured. Complementary electronic structure calculations are performed to determine the stable low-energy conformations of these complexes. Geometry optimizations and frequency analyses are performed at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level of theory, whereas energies are calculated at the B3LYP/6-311+G(2d,2p) level of theory. As protonation preferentially stabilizes minor tautomers of dThd and Thd, tautomerization facilitated by Na+ binding is also considered. Comparisons of the measured IRMPD and computed IR spectra find that [dThd+Na]+ prefers tridentate (O2,O4',O5') coordination to the canonical 2,4-diketo form of dThd with thymine in a syn orientation. In contrast, [Thd+Na]+ prefers bidentate (O2,O2') coordination to the canonical 2,4-diketo tautomer of Thd with thymine in an anti orientation. Although 2,4-dihydroxy tautomers and O2 protonated thymine nucleosides coexist in the gas phase, no evidence for minor tautomers is observed for the sodium cationized species. Consistent with experimental observations, the computational results confirm that the sodium cationized thymine nucleosides exhibit a strong preference for the canonical form of the thymine nucleobase. Survival yield analyses based on energy-resolved collision-induced dissociation (ER-CID) experiments suggest that the relative stabilities of protonated and sodium cationized dThd and Thd follow the order [dThd+H]+ < [Thd+H]+ < [dThd+Na]+ < [Thd+Na]+. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - H A Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - N A Cunningham
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - S F Strobehn
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - J Gao
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M U Munshi
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - G Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M T Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Wu RR, Yang B, Frieler CE, Berden G, Oomens J, Rodgers MT. 2,4-Dihydroxy and O2 Protonated Tautomers of dThd and Thd Coexist in the Gas Phase: Methylation Alters Protonation Preferences versus dUrd and Urd. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2016; 27:410-421. [PMID: 26676730 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1303-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase structures of protonated thymidine, [dThd + H](+), and its modified form, protonated 5-methyluridine, [Thd + H](+), are examined by infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) action spectroscopy combined with electronic structure calculations. IRMPD action spectra are measured over the ranges extending from ~600 to 1900 cm(-1) and ~2800 to 3800 cm(-1) using the FELIX free electron laser and an optical parametric oscillator/amplifier (OPO/OPA) laser system, respectively. Comparisons between the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) linear IR spectra calculated for the stable low-energy conformers and the measured IRMPD spectra are used to determine the most favorable tautomeric conformations of [dThd + H](+) and [Thd + H](+) and to identify those populated in the experiments. Both B3LYP and MP2 levels of theory predict a minor 2,4-dihydroxy tautomer as the ground-state conformer of [dThd + H](+) and [Thd + H](+) indicating that the 2'-hydroxyl substituent of Thd does not exert a significant impact on the structural features. [dThd + H](+) and [Thd + H](+) share parallel IRMPD spectral profiles and yields in both the FELIX and OPO regions. Comparisons between the measured IRMPD and calculated IR spectra suggest that minor 2,4-dihydroxy tautomers and O2 protonated conformers of [dThd + H](+) and [Thd + H](+) are populated in the experiments. Comparison of this work to our previous IRMPD spectroscopy study of protonated 2'-deoxyuridine and uridine suggests that the 5-methyl substituent alters the preferences of O2 versus O4 protonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - C E Frieler
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - G Berden
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Oomens
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M T Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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9
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Petković M, Ristić M, Etinski M. Stability and Anharmonic N–H Stretching Frequencies of 1-Methylthymine Dimers: Hydrogen Bonding versus π-Stacking. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1536-44. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Petković
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade Studentski trg 12-16, 11 158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Ristić
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade Studentski trg 12-16, 11 158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Etinski
- Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade Studentski trg 12-16, 11 158 Belgrade, Serbia
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10
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Bouchet A, Schütz M, Dopfer O. Competing Insertion and External Binding Motifs in Hydrated Neurotransmitters: Infrared Spectra of Protonated Phenylethylamine Monohydrate. Chemphyschem 2015; 17:232-43. [PMID: 26584245 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Hydration has a drastic impact on the structure and function of flexible biomolecules, such as aromatic ethylamino neurotransmitters. The structure of monohydrated protonated phenylethylamine (H(+) PEA-H2 O) is investigated by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy of cold cluster ions by using rare-gas (Rg=Ne and Ar) tagging and dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations at the B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ level. Monohydration of this prototypical neurotransmitter gives an insight into the first step of the formation of its solvation shell, especially regarding the competition between intra- and intermolecular interactions. The spectra of Rg-tagged H(+) PEA-H2 O reveal the presence of a stable insertion structure in which the water molecule is located between the positively charged ammonium group and the phenyl ring of H(+) PEA, acting both as a hydrogen bond acceptor (NH(+) ⋅⋅⋅O) and donor (OH⋅⋅⋅π). Two other nearly equivalent isomers, in which water is externally H bonded to one of the free NH groups, are also identified. The balance between insertion and external hydration strongly depends on temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Bouchet
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Schütz
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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11
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Ho J, Yen H, Shi H, Cheng L, Weng C, Chou W, Chiu C, Cheng P. Microhydration Effects on the Ultrafast Photodynamics of Cytosine: Evidences for a Possible Hydration‐Site Dependence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201507524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jr‐Wei Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 (R.O.C.)
| | - Hung‐Chien Yen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 (R.O.C.)
| | - Hui‐Qi Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 (R.O.C.)
| | - Li‐Hao Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 (R.O.C.)
| | - Chih‐Nan Weng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 (R.O.C.)
| | - Wei‐Kuang Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 (R.O.C.)
| | - Chih‐Chung Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 (R.O.C.)
| | - Po‐Yuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 (R.O.C.)
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Ho J, Yen H, Shi H, Cheng L, Weng C, Chou W, Chiu C, Cheng P. Microhydration Effects on the Ultrafast Photodynamics of Cytosine: Evidences for a Possible Hydration‐Site Dependence. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:14772-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201507524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jr‐Wei Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 (R.O.C.)
| | - Hung‐Chien Yen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 (R.O.C.)
| | - Hui‐Qi Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 (R.O.C.)
| | - Li‐Hao Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 (R.O.C.)
| | - Chih‐Nan Weng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 (R.O.C.)
| | - Wei‐Kuang Chou
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 (R.O.C.)
| | - Chih‐Chung Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 (R.O.C.)
| | - Po‐Yuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30043 (R.O.C.)
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KAUR DAMANJIT, KAUR RAJINDER. Theoretical Characterization of Hydrogen Bonding Interactions between RCHO (R = H, CN, CF3, OCH3, NH2) and HOR′(R′ = H, Cl, CH3, NH2, C(O)H, C6H5). J CHEM SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-015-0885-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Chiriki S, Dagar A, Bulusu SS. Structural evolution of nucleobase clusters using force field models and density functional theory. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bouchet A, Altnöder J, Broquier M, Zehnacker A. IR–UV spectroscopy of jet-cooled 1-indanol: Restriction of the conformational space by hydration. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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16
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Electronic Excitation Processes in Single-Strand and Double-Strand DNA: A Computational Approach. PHOTOINDUCED PHENOMENA IN NUCLEIC ACIDS II 2014; 356:1-37. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2013_517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Nosenko Y, Kunitski M, Stark T, Göbel M, Tarakeshwar P, Brutschy B. Vibrational signatures of Watson–Crick base pairing in adenine–thymine mimics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:11520-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50337b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Nosenko Y, Kunitski M, Stark T, Göbel M, Tarakeshwar P, Brutschy B. 4-Aminobenzimidazole–1-Methylthymine: A Model for Investigating Hoogsteen Base-Pairing between Adenine and Thymine. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:11403-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jp205575w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pilarisetty Tarakeshwar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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