1
|
Park I, Hausen F, Baltruschat H. Friction on I‐modified Au(111) in a Tetraglyme Electrolyte. ChemElectroChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inhee Park
- University of Bonn: Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry 53117 Bonn GERMANY
| | - Florian Hausen
- RWTH Aachen University: Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule Aachen Institute of Physical Chemistry 52425 Jülich GERMANY
| | - Helmut Baltruschat
- University of Bonn Inst. f. Physikalische u.Theoret. Chemie R�merstra�e 164-Abteilung Elektrochemie- 53117 Bonn GERMANY
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park I, Baltruschat H. In situ friction study of Ag Underpotential deposition (UPD) on Au(111) in aqueous electrolyte. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:952-959. [PMID: 33734530 PMCID: PMC8252634 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The electrodeposition of silver on Au(111) was investigated using lateral force microscopy (LFM) in Ag+ containing sulfuric acid. Friction force images show that adsorbed sulfate forms3 × 7 R 19 . 1 ∘ structure (θ s u l f a t e = 0 . 2 ) on Au(111) prior to Ag underpotential deposition (UPD) and ( 3 × 3 R 30 ∘ ) structure (θ s u l f a t e = 0 . 33 ) on a complete monolayer or bilayer of Ag. Variation of friction with normal load shows a non-monotonous dependence, which is caused by increasing penetration of the tip into the sulfate adlayer. In addition, the friction force is influenced by the varying coverage and mobility of Ag atoms on the surface. Before Ag coverage reaches the critical value, the deposited silver atoms may be mobile enough to be dragged by the movement of AFM tip. Possible penetration of the tip into the UPD layer at very high loads is discussed as a model for self-healing wear. However, when the coverage of Ag is close to 1, the deposited Ag atoms are tight enough to resist the influence of the AFM tip and the tip penetrates only into the sulfate adlayer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inhee Park
- Institut für physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität BonnRömerstraße 164D-53117BonnGermany
| | - H. Baltruschat
- Institut für physikalische und Theoretische ChemieUniversität BonnRömerstraße 16453117BonnGermany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ouyang W, Ramakrishna SN, Rossi A, Urbakh M, Spencer ND, Arcifa A. Load and Velocity Dependence of Friction Mediated by Dynamics of Interfacial Contacts. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:116102. [PMID: 31573261 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.116102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Studying the frictional properties of interfaces with dynamic chemical bonds advances understanding of the mechanism underlying rate and state laws, and offers new pathways for the rational control of frictional response. In this work, we revisit the load dependence of interfacial chemical-bond-induced (ICBI) friction experimentally and find that the velocity dependence of friction can be reversed by changing the normal load. We propose a theoretical model, whose analytical solution allows us to interpret the experimental data on timescales and length scales that are relevant to experimental conditions. Our work provides a promising avenue for exploring the dynamics of ICBI friction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wengen Ouyang
- School of Chemistry and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Shivaprakash N Ramakrishna
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5,CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Antonella Rossi
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5,CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, I-09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Michael Urbakh
- School of Chemistry and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Nicholas D Spencer
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5,CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Arcifa
- Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5,CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Single-crystalline 2D erucamide with low friction and enhanced thermal conductivity. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
5
|
Stoyanov P, Chromik RR. Scaling Effects on Materials Tribology: From Macro to Micro Scale. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2017; 10:E550. [PMID: 28772909 PMCID: PMC5459061 DOI: 10.3390/ma10050550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The tribological study of materials inherently involves the interaction of surface asperities at the micro to nanoscopic length scales. This is the case for large scale engineering applications with sliding contacts, where the real area of contact is made up of small contacting asperities that make up only a fraction of the apparent area of contact. This is why researchers have sought to create idealized experiments of single asperity contacts in the field of nanotribology. At the same time, small scale engineering structures known as micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS) have been developed, where the apparent area of contact approaches the length scale of the asperities, meaning the real area of contact for these devices may be only a few asperities. This is essentially the field of microtribology, where the contact size and/or forces involved have pushed the nature of the interaction between two surfaces towards the regime where the scale of the interaction approaches that of the natural length scale of the features on the surface. This paper provides a review of microtribology with the purpose to understand how tribological processes are different at the smaller length scales compared to macrotribology. Studies of the interfacial phenomena at the macroscopic length scales (e.g., using in situ tribometry) will be discussed and correlated with new findings and methodologies at the micro-length scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pantcho Stoyanov
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, Aluminum Research Centre-REGAL, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada.
| | - Richard R Chromik
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, Aluminum Research Centre-REGAL, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C5, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng X, Gao L, Yao Q, Li Q, Zhang M, Xie X, Qiao S, Wang G, Ma T, Di Z, Luo J, Wang X. Robust ultra-low-friction state of graphene via moiré superlattice confinement. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13204. [PMID: 27759019 PMCID: PMC5075778 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials possess outstanding lubrication property with their thicknesses down to a few atomic layers, but they are easily susceptible to sliding induced degradation or ubiquitous chemical modification. Maintaining the superior lubricating performance of 2D materials in a harsh working environment is highly desirable yet grandly challenging. Here we show that by proper alignment of graphene on a Ge(111) substrate, friction of graphene could be well preserved at an ultra-low level even after fluorination or oxidation. This behaviour is experimentally found to be closely related to the suppression of molecular-level deformation of graphene within the moiré superlattice structure. Atomistic simulations reveal that the formation of an interconnected meshwork with enhanced interfacial charge density imposes a strong anchoring effect on graphene even under chemical modification. Modulating molecular-level deformation by interfacial confinements may offer a unique strategy for tuning the mechanical or even chemical properties of 2D materials. Two-dimensional materials show remarkable lubrication properties, yet chemical modifications may hinder such capabilities. Here, the authors show that when graphene is aligned on a Ge(111) substrate, ultra-low friction can be preserved even after graphene fluorination or oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Lei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Quanzhou Yao
- AML, CNMM, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qunyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,AML, CNMM, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Shan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Tianbao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zengfeng Di
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Jianbin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 865 Changning Road, Shanghai 200050, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ye Z, Egberts P, Han GH, Johnson ATC, Carpick RW, Martini A. Load-Dependent Friction Hysteresis on Graphene. ACS NANO 2016; 10:5161-5168. [PMID: 27110836 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale friction often exhibits hysteresis when load is increased (loading) and then decreased (unloading) and is manifested as larger friction measured during unloading compared to loading for a given load. In this work, the origins of load-dependent friction hysteresis were explored through atomic force microscopy (AFM) experiments of a silicon tip sliding on chemical vapor deposited graphene in air, and molecular dynamics simulations of a model AFM tip on graphene, mimicking both vacuum and humid air environmental conditions. It was found that only simulations with water at the tip-graphene contact reproduced the experimentally observed hysteresis. The mechanisms underlying this friction hysteresis were then investigated in the simulations by varying the graphene-water interaction strength. The size of the water-graphene interface exhibited hysteresis trends consistent with the friction, while measures of other previously proposed mechanisms, such as out-of-plane deformation of the graphene film and irreversible reorganization of the water molecules at the shearing interface, were less correlated to the friction hysteresis. The relationship between the size of the sliding interface and friction observed in the simulations was explained in terms of the varying contact angles in front of and behind the sliding tip, which were larger during loading than unloading.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijiang Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Merced , 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Philip Egberts
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary , 40 Research Place NW, Calgary, Alberta T2L 1Y6, Canada
| | - Gang Hee Han
- Physics Division, Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | | | | | - Ashlie Martini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Merced , 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Egberts P, Han GH, Liu XZ, Johnson ATC, Carpick RW. Frictional behavior of atomically thin sheets: hexagonal-shaped graphene islands grown on copper by chemical vapor deposition. ACS NANO 2014; 8:5010-5021. [PMID: 24862034 DOI: 10.1021/nn501085g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Single asperity friction experiments using atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been conducted on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene grown on polycrystalline copper foils. Graphene substantially lowers the friction force experienced by the sliding asperity of a silicon AFM tip compared to the surrounding oxidized copper surface by a factor ranging from 1.5 to 7 over loads from the adhesive minimum up to 80 nN. No damage to the graphene was observed over this range, showing that friction force microscopy serves as a facile, high contrast probe for identifying the presence of graphene on Cu. Consistent with studies of epitaxially grown, thermally grown, and mechanically exfoliated graphene films, the friction force measured between the tip and these CVD-prepared films depends on the number of layers of graphene present on the surface and reduces friction in comparison to the substrate. Friction results on graphene indicate that the layer-dependent friction properties result from puckering of the graphene sheet around the sliding tip. Substantial hysteresis in the normal force dependence of friction is observed with repeated scanning without breaking contact with a graphene-covered region. Because of the hysteresis, friction measured on graphene changes with time and maximum applied force, unless the tip slides over the edge of the graphene island or contact with the surface is broken. These results also indicate that relatively weak binding forces exist between the copper foil and these CVD-grown graphene sheets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Egberts
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania , 220 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Paradinas M, Munuera C, Silien C, Buck M, Ocal C. Heterogeneous nanotribological response of polymorphic self-assembled monolayers arising from domain and phase dependent friction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:1302-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43769d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|