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Sitha S. Ortho-para interconversion of nuclear states of H 2O through replica transition state: prospect of quantum entanglement at homodromic Bjerrum defect site. J Mol Model 2023; 29:242. [PMID: 37436555 PMCID: PMC10338397 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05646-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT From a nuclear spin prospective, water exists as para and ortho nuclear spin isomers (isotopomers). Spin interconversions in isolated molecules of water are forbidden, but many recent reports have shown them to happen in bulk, through dynamic proton exchanges happening between interconnected networks of a large array of water molecules. In this contribution, a possible explanation for an unexpected slow or delayed interconversion of ortho-para water in ice observed in an earlier reported experiment is provided. Using the results of quantum mechanical investigations, we have discussed the roles played by Bjerrum defects in the dynamic proton exchanges and ortho-para spin state interconversions. We guess that at the sites of the Bjerrum defects, there are possibilities of quantum entanglements of states, through pairwise interactions. Based on the perfectly correlated exchange happening via a replica transition state, we speculate that it can have significant influences on ortho-para interconversions of water. We also conjecture that the overall ortho-para interconversion is not a continuous process, rather can be imagined to be happening serendipitously, but within the boundary of the rules of quantum mechanics. METHODS All computations were performed with Gaussian 09 program. B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) methodology was used to compute all the stationary points. Further energy corrections were computed using CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ methodology. Intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) path computations were carried out for the transition states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanyasi Sitha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, APK Campus, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
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2
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Lin SY, Huang WJ, Chou SL, Chen HF, Wu YJ. Formation of Para-H 2O by Vacuum-UV Photolysis of O 2 in Solid Hydrogen: Implication for Astrochemistry. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10439-10446. [PMID: 36326470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The observation that the ortho to para ratio (OPR) of interstellar H2O is smaller than 3 is an important yet unresolved subject in astronomy. We irradiated O2 embedded in solid H2 at 3 K with vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) light and observed IR lines associated with para-H2O (denoted as pH2O) and nonrotating H2O-(oH2)n (where oH2 denotes ortho-H2) but no lines associated with ortho-H2O (denoted as oH2O). After maintaining the matrix in darkness for ∼30 h, the amount of pH2O decreased, accompanied by an increase in H2O-(oH2)n via diffusion of oH2. After that, the continuous nuclear-spin conversion from oH2 to para-H2 (denoted as pH2) in solid H2 over time resulted in the conversion of nonrotating H2O-(oH2)n to rotating pH2O in solid pH2. The observation of the formation and conversion of pH2O in our experiment suggests a plausible route in which VUV irradiation of O2 and H2 adsorbed on grain surfaces might be responsible for the smaller OPR of interstellar H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yu Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu300093, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jian Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu30076, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Lung Chou
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu30076, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Fen Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan First Road, Kaohsiung80708, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jong Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu300093, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu30076, Taiwan
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3
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Yachmenev A, Yang G, Zak E, Yurchenko S, Küpper J. The nuclear-spin-forbidden rovibrational transitions of water from first principles. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:204307. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0090771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The water molecule occurs in two nuclear-spin isomers that differ by the value of the total nuclear spin of the hydrogen atoms, i.e., I = 0 for para-H2O and I = 1 for ortho-H2O. Spectroscopic transitions between rovibrational states of ortho and para water are extremely weak due to the tiny hyperfine nuclear-spin –rotation interaction of only ∼30 kHz and, so far, have not been observed. We report the first comprehensive theoretical investigation of the hyperfine effects and ortho–para transitions in [Formula: see text]O due to nuclear-spin –rotation and spin–spin interactions. We also present the details of our newly developed general variational approach to the simulation of hyperfine effects in polyatomic molecules. Our results for water suggest that the strongest ortho–para transitions with room-temperature intensities on the order of 10−31 cm/molecule are about an order of magnitude larger than previously predicted values and should be detectable in the mid-infrared ν2 and near-infrared 2 ν1 + ν2 and ν1 + ν2 + ν3 bands by current spectroscopy experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yachmenev
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guang Yang
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emil Zak
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sergei Yurchenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Jochen Küpper
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Putaud T, Wespiser C, Bertin M, Fillion JH, Kalugina YN, Jeseck P, Milpanis A, Philippe L, Soulard P, Tremblay B, Tuloup C, Ayotte P, Michaut X. Ro-translational dynamics of confined water: II - Spectroscopic evidence of confinement effects on the far-infrared spectra of water isotopologues in argon and krypton matrices. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:074305. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Putaud
- Universite de Sherbrooke Departement de chimie, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Patrick Ayotte
- Département de Chimie, Universite de Sherbrooke Departement de chimie, Canada
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Vermette J, Braud I, Turgeon PA, Alexandrowicz G, Ayotte P. Quantum State-Resolved Characterization of a Magnetically Focused Beam of ortho-H2O. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9234-9239. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Vermette
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l’Université, J1K2R1 Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Isabelle Braud
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l’Université, J1K2R1 Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Pierre-Alexandre Turgeon
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l’Université, J1K2R1 Sherbrooke, Canada
| | | | - Patrick Ayotte
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l’Université, J1K2R1 Sherbrooke, Canada
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Sugimoto T, Nasu H, Arakawa I, Yamakawa K. Spectroscopic determination of interconversion rates among three nuclear spin isomers of methane in crystalline II. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:184302. [PMID: 31091910 DOI: 10.1063/1.5091070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We measured infrared absorption spectra of crystalline II of CH4 and succeeded in detecting a prominent Q(2) peak in the ν3 vibrational region by rapid cooling after annealing as well as previously reported rovibrational and librational-vibrational peaks. The integral intensities of the R(0), R(1), and Q(2) peaks were found to show biexponential dependence on time. This clearly demonstrates the interconversion among the three nuclear-spin isomers occupying low-lying rotational levels. The two relaxation rates obtained by biexponential fitting were (0.48, 2.3), (1.1, 4.1), (2.3, 5.1), and (3.4, 15.3) in units of inverse hour (h-1) at 5.2, 6.0, 6.5, and 7.0 K, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Sugimoto
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Nasu
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Ichiro Arakawa
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Koichiro Yamakawa
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
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Pettersson LGM. A Two-State Picture of Water and the Funnel of Life. SPRINGER PROCEEDINGS IN PHYSICS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21755-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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9
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Meier B. Quantum-rotor-induced polarization. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2018; 56:610-618. [PMID: 29460384 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-rotor-induced polarization is closely related to para-hydrogen-induced polarization. In both cases, the hyperpolarized spin order derives from rotational interaction and the Pauli principle by which the symmetry of the rotational ground state dictates the symmetry of the associated nuclear spin state. In quantum-rotor-induced polarization, there may be several spin states associated with the rotational ground state, and the hyperpolarization is typically generated by hetero-nuclear cross-relaxation. This review discusses preconditions for quantum-rotor-induced polarization for both the 1-dimensional methyl rotor and the asymmetric rotor H217 O@C60 , that is, a single water molecule encapsulated in fullerene C60 . Experimental results are presented for both rotors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno Meier
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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10
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Georges R, Michaut X, Moudens A, Goubet M, Pirali O, Soulard P, Asselin P, Huet T, Roy P, Fournier M, Vigasin A. Nuclear Spin Symmetry Conservation in 1H 216O Investigated by Direct Absorption FTIR Spectroscopy of Water Vapor Cooled Down in Supersonic Expansion. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7455-7468. [PMID: 28914060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b06858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of an experimental study related to the relaxation of the nuclear spin isomers of the water molecule in a supersonic expansion. Rovibrational lines of both ortho and para spin isomers were recorded in the spectral range of H2O stretching vibrations at around 3700 cm-1 using FTIR direct absorption. Water vapor seeded in argon, helium, or oxygen or in a mixture of oxygen and argon was expanded into vacuum through a slit nozzle. The water vapor partial pressure in the mixture varied over a wide range from 1.5 to 102.7 hPa, corresponding to a water molar fraction varying between 0.2 and 6.5%. Depending on expansion conditions, the effect of water vapor clustering was clearly seen in some of our measured spectra. The Boltzmann plot of the line intensities allowed the H2O rotational temperatures in the isentropic core and in the lateral shear layer probed zones of the planar expansion to be determined. The study of the OPR, i.e., the ratio of the ortho to para absorption line intensities as a function of Trot, did not reveal any signs of the OPR being relaxed to the sample temperature. In contrast, the OPR was always conserved according to the stagnation reservoir equilibrium temperature. The conservation of the OPR was found irrespective of whether water molecule clustering was pronounced or not. Also, no effect of the paramagnetic oxygen admixture enhancing OPR relaxation was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Georges
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR6251, CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 , Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Xavier Michaut
- Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS , F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Moudens
- Laboratoire d'Etudes du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères, Sorbonne Universities, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Université de Cergy-Pontoise, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS , F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Manuel Goubet
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR8523-PhLAM - Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Olivier Pirali
- AILES beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers , Saint Aubin BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.,Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), UMR 8214 CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Pascale Soulard
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8233, MONARIS , F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Asselin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8233, MONARIS , F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Thérèse Huet
- Université Lille, CNRS, UMR8523-PhLAM - Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules , F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Pascale Roy
- AILES beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers , Saint Aubin BP 48, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Martin Fournier
- Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR6251, CNRS-Université de Rennes 1 , Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Andrey Vigasin
- Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences , 3 Pyzhevsky per, 119017 Moscow, Russia
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11
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Turgeon PA, Vermette J, Alexandrowicz G, Peperstraete Y, Philippe L, Bertin M, Fillion JH, Michaut X, Ayotte P. Confinement Effects on the Nuclear Spin Isomer Conversion of H 2O. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1571-1576. [PMID: 28157310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism for interconversion between the nuclear spin isomers (NSI) of H2O remains shrouded in uncertainties. The temperature dependence displayed by NSI interconversion rates for H2O isolated in an argon matrix provides evidence that confinement effects are responsible for the dramatic increase in their kinetics with respect to the gas phase, providing new pathways for o-H2O↔p-H2O conversion in endohedral compounds. This reveals intramolecular aspects of the interconversion mechanism which may improve methodologies for the separation and storage of NSI en route to applications ranging from magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging to interpretations of spin temperatures in the interstellar medium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Vermette
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Gil Alexandrowicz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yoann Peperstraete
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Laurent Philippe
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Bertin
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Hugues Fillion
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Xavier Michaut
- LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06 , F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Patrick Ayotte
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke , Sherbrooke J1K 2R1, Canada
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12
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Hama T, Ishizuka S, Yamazaki T, Kimura Y, Kouchi A, Watanabe N, Sugimoto T, Pirronello V. Fast crystalline ice formation at extremely low temperature through water/neon matrix sublimation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:17677-17684. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03315j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline ice formation requires water molecules to be sufficiently mobile to find and settle on the thermodynamically most stable site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hama
- Institute of Low Temperature Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | | | - Tomoya Yamazaki
- Institute of Low Temperature Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Institute of Low Temperature Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Akira Kouchi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Institute of Low Temperature Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Toshiki Sugimoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto
- Japan
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Mammoli D, Salvi N, Milani J, Buratto R, Bornet A, Sehgal AA, Canet E, Pelupessy P, Carnevale D, Jannin S, Bodenhausen G. Challenges in preparing, preserving and detecting para-water in bulk: overcoming proton exchange and other hurdles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:26819-27. [PMID: 26399171 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03350k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Para-water is an analogue of para-hydrogen, where the two proton spins are in a quantum state that is antisymmetric under permutation, also known as singlet state. The populations of the nuclear spin states in para-water are believed to have long lifetimes just like other Long-Lived States (LLSs). This hypothesis can be verified by measuring the relaxation of an excess or a deficiency of para-water, also known as a "Triplet-Singlet Imbalance" (TSI), i.e., a difference between the average population of the three triplet states T (that are symmetric under permutation) and the population of the singlet state S. In analogy with our recent findings on ethanol and fumarate, we propose to adapt the procedure for Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (D-DNP) to prepare such a TSI in frozen water at very low temperatures in the vicinity of 1.2 K. After rapid heating and dissolution using an aprotic solvent, the TSI should be largely preserved. To assess this hypothesis, we studied the lifetime of water as a molecular entity when diluted in various solvents. In neat liquid H2O, proton exchange rates have been characterized by spin-echo experiments on oxygen-17 in natural abundance, with and without proton decoupling. One-dimensional exchange spectroscopy (EXSY) has been used to study proton exchange rates in H2O, HDO and D2O mixtures diluted in various aprotic solvents. In the case of 50 mM H2O in dioxane-d8, the proton exchange lifetime is about 20 s. After dissolving, one can observe this TSI by monitoring intensities in oxygen-17 spectra of H2O (if necessary using isotopically enriched samples) where the AX2 system comprising a "spy" oxygen A and two protons X2 gives rise to binomial multiplets only if the TSI vanishes. Alternatively, fast chemical addition to a suitable substrate (such as an activated aldehyde or ketone) can provide AX2 systems where a carbon-13 acts as a spy nucleus. Proton signals that relax to equilibrium with two distinct time constants can be considered as a hallmark of a TSI. We optimized several experimental procedures designed to preserve and reveal dilute para-water in bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mammoli
- Institut des Sciences et Ingéniérie Chimiques, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Hama T, Kouchi A, Watanabe N. Statistical ortho-to-para ratio of water desorbed from ice at 10 kelvin. Science 2016; 351:65-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad4026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hama
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060–0819, Japan
| | - Akira Kouchi
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060–0819, Japan
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060–0819, Japan
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15
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Chang YP, Horke DA, Trippel S, Küpper J. Spatially-controlled complex molecules and their applications. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2015.1077838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Pin Chang
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel A. Horke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Trippel
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Küpper
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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16
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17
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Pershin SM. Ortho-para spin conversion of H2O in aqueous solutions as a quantum factor of the Konovalov paradox. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350914060165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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18
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Mamone S, Concistrè M, Carignani E, Meier B, Krachmalnicoff A, Johannessen OG, Lei X, Li Y, Denning M, Carravetta M, Goh K, Horsewill AJ, Whitby RJ, Levitt MH. Nuclear spin conversion of water inside fullerene cages detected by low-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:194306. [PMID: 24852537 DOI: 10.1063/1.4873343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The water-endofullerene H2O@C60 provides a unique chemical system in which freely rotating water molecules are confined inside homogeneous and symmetrical carbon cages. The spin conversion between the ortho and para species of the endohedral H2O was studied in the solid phase by low-temperature nuclear magnetic resonance. The experimental data are consistent with a second-order kinetics, indicating a bimolecular spin conversion process. Numerical simulations suggest the simultaneous presence of a spin diffusion process allowing neighbouring ortho and para molecules to exchange their angular momenta. Cross-polarization experiments found no evidence that the spin conversion of the endohedral H2O molecules is catalysed by (13)C nuclei present in the cages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Mamone
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Concistrè
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Carignani
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Benno Meier
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Krachmalnicoff
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ole G Johannessen
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Xuegong Lei
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Yongjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Mark Denning
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marina Carravetta
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kelvin Goh
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Horsewill
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Whitby
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Malcolm H Levitt
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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19
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Zakharov SD. Ortho/para spin-isomers of H2O molecules as a factor responsible for formation of two structural motifs in water. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350913050205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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van Dishoeck EF, Herbst E, Neufeld DA. Interstellar water chemistry: from laboratory to observations. Chem Rev 2013; 113:9043-85. [PMID: 24261880 DOI: 10.1021/cr4003177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hama T, Watanabe N. Surface Processes on Interstellar Amorphous Solid Water: Adsorption, Diffusion, Tunneling Reactions, and Nuclear-Spin Conversion. Chem Rev 2013; 113:8783-839. [DOI: 10.1021/cr4000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Hama
- Institute of Low Temperature
Science, Hokkaido University, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
| | - Naoki Watanabe
- Institute of Low Temperature
Science, Hokkaido University, N19W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819, Japan
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22
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Lis DC, Bergin EA, Schilke P, van Dishoeck EF. Ortho-to-Para Ratio in Interstellar Water on the Sightline toward Sagittarius B2(N). J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:9661-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312333n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz C. Lis
- Cahill Center
for Astronomy
and Astrophysics 301-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Edwin A. Bergin
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 933 Dennison Building, Ann
Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter Schilke
- I. Physicalisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher
Straße 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - Ewine F. van Dishoeck
- Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The
Netherlands and Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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23
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Kazachenko S, Thakkar AJ. Water nanodroplets: Predictions of five model potentials. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:194302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4804399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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