1
|
Sun J, Huang H, Wu H, Lin Y, Yang C, Ge M, Qian Y, Fu X, Liu H. HT-NMR Studies of the Be-F Coordination Structure in FNaBe and FLiBe Mixed Salts. JACS AU 2024; 4:2211-2219. [PMID: 38938815 PMCID: PMC11200241 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Molten NaF-BeF2 salt is widely considered a promising candidate to replace FLiBe in molten salt reactor applications, which is crucial to reducing the operating costs of the molten salt reactor. Studies on beryllium compounds are rarely conducted due to their volatility and high toxicity. Herein, the Be-F coordination structure of NaF/BeF2 mixed salts was investigated in-depth through various HT-NMR and solid-state NMR methods, which are optimized to be appropriate for the detection of beryllium compounds. It was found that Na2BeF4 and NaBeF3 crystals were transformed into amorphous tetrahedral coordinated networks when there was an increase in the BeF2 concentration in the mixed salts. The main coordinate structure comparisons between FNaBe and FLiBe were analyzed, which exhibit high similarity due to the covalent effect of Be-F bonding, demonstrating the theoretical feasibility of applying FNaBe salts as a substitute for FLiBe in MSR systems. In addition, the transition from the crystal phase to the amorphous phase occurred at a lower BeF2 concentration for FNaBe than that for FLiBe. This was further verified by the results of ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation that FNaBe melts had more disordered structures, thus causing slight changes in their physical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianchao Sun
- Department
of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hailong Huang
- Department
of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Huiyan Wu
- Department
of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yushuang Lin
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou
University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Chengkai Yang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou
University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Min Ge
- Department
of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Yuan Qian
- Department
of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Xiaobin Fu
- Department
of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department
of Molten Salt Chemistry and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- University
of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li X, Xu T, Gong Y. Compositional transferability of deep potential in molten LiF-BeF 2 and LaF 3 mixtures: prediction of density, viscosity, and local structure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12044-12052. [PMID: 38578045 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00079j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The accumulation of lanthanide fission products carries the risk of altering the structure and properties of the nuclear fuel carrier salt LiF-BeF2 (Flibe), thereby downgrading the operating efficiency and safety of the molten salt reactor. However, the condition-limited experimental measurements, spatiotemporal-limited first-principles calculations, and accuracy-limited classical dynamic simulations are unable to capture the precise local structure and reliable thermophysical properties of heterogeneous molten salts. Therefore, the deep potential (DP) of LaF3 and Flibe molten mixtures is developed here, and DP molecular dynamics simulations are performed to systemically study the densities, diffusion coefficients, viscosities, radial distribution functions and coordination numbers of multiple molten Flibe + xLaF3, the quantitative relationships between these properties and LaF3 concentration are investigated, and the potential structure-property relationships are analyzed. Eventually, the transferability of DP on molten Flibe + LaF3 with different formulations as well as the predictability of structures and properties are achieved at the nanometer spatial scale and the nanosecond timescale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingrui Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Gong
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li B, Jones ZR, Eiroa-Lledo C, Knope KE, Mocko V, Stein BW, Wacker JN, Kozimor SA, Batista ER, Yang P. Structure and Dynamics of NaCl/KCl/CaCl 2-EuCl n ( n = 2, 3) Molten Salts. Inorg Chem 2023. [PMID: 37379331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Modern molten salt reactor design and the techniques of electrorefining spent nuclear fuels require a better understanding of the chemical and physical behavior of lanthanide/actinide ions with different oxidation states dissolved in various solvent salts. The molecular structures and dynamics that are driven by the short-range interactions between solute cations and anions and long-range solute and solvent cations are still unclear. In order to study the structural change of solute cations caused by different solvent salts, we performed first-principles molecular dynamics simulations in molten salts and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements for the cooled molten salt samples to identify the local coordination environment of Eu2+ and Eu3+ ions in CaCl2, NaCl, and KCl. The simulations reveal that with the increasing polarizing the outer sphere cations from K+ to Na+ to Ca2+, the coordination number (CN) of Cl- in the first solvation shell increases from 5.6 (Eu2+) and 5.9 (Eu3+) in KCl to 6.9 (Eu2+) and 7.0 (Eu3+) in CaCl2. This coordination change is validated by the EXAFS measurements, in which the CN of Cl- around Eu increases from 5 in KCl to 7 in CaCl2. Our simulation shows that the fewer Cl- ions coordinated to Eu leads to a more rigid first coordination shell with longer lifetime. Furthermore, the diffusivities of Eu2+/Eu3+ are related to the rigidity of their first coordination shell of Cl-: the more rigid the first coordination shell is, the slower the solute cations diffuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Zachary R Jones
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Cecilia Eiroa-Lledo
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Karah E Knope
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Veronika Mocko
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Benjamin W Stein
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Jennifer N Wacker
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, 37th and O Streets NW, Washington, D.C. 20057, United States
| | - Stosh A Kozimor
- Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Enrique R Batista
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chahal R, Roy S, Brehm M, Banerjee S, Bryantsev V, Lam ST. Transferable Deep Learning Potential Reveals Intermediate-Range Ordering Effects in LiF-NaF-ZrF 4 Molten Salt. JACS AU 2022; 2:2693-2702. [PMID: 36590259 PMCID: PMC9795562 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
LiF-NaF-ZrF4 multicomponent molten salts are promising candidate coolants for advanced clean energy systems owing to their desirable thermophysical and transport properties. However, the complex structures enabling these properties, and their dependence on composition, is scarcely quantified due to limitations in simulating and interpreting experimental spectra of highly disordered, intermediate-ranged structures. Specifically, size-limited ab initio simulations and accuracy-limited classical models used in the past are unable to capture a wide range of fluctuating motifs found in the extended heterogeneous structures of liquid salt. This greatly inhibits our ability to design tailored compositions and materials. Here, accurate, efficient, and transferable machine learning potentials are used to predict structures far beyond the first coordination shell in LiF-NaF-ZrF4. Neural networks trained at only eutectic compositions with 29% and 37% ZrF4 are shown to accurately simulate a wide range of compositions (11-40% ZrF4) with dramatically different coordination chemistries, while showing a remarkable agreement with theoretical and experimental Raman spectra. The theoretical Raman calculations further uncovered the previously unseen shift and flattening of bending band at ∼250 cm-1 which validated the simulated extended-range structures as observed in compositions with higher than 29% ZrF4 content. In such cases, machine learning-based simulations capable of accessing larger time and length scales (beyond 17 Å) were critical for accurately predicting both structure and ionic diffusivities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajni Chahal
- Chemical
Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts01854, United States
| | - Santanu Roy
- Chemical
Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
| | - Martin Brehm
- Martin-Luther-Universität
Halle-Wittenberg, Halle
(Saale)06120, Germany
| | - Shubhojit Banerjee
- Chemical
Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts01854, United States
| | - Vyacheslav Bryantsev
- Chemical
Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee37830, United States
| | - Stephen T. Lam
- Chemical
Engineering, University of Massachusetts
Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts01854, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Structure-property relationships in actinide containing molten salts – A review: Understanding and modelling the chemistry of nuclear fuel salts. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
6
|
Porter T, Vaka MM, Steenblik P, Della Corte D. Computational methods to simulate molten salt thermophysical properties. Commun Chem 2022; 5:69. [PMID: 36697757 PMCID: PMC9814384 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00684-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Molten salts are important thermal conductors used in molten salt reactors and solar applications. To use molten salts safely, accurate knowledge of their thermophysical properties is necessary. However, it is experimentally challenging to measure these properties and a comprehensive evaluation of the full chemical space is unfeasible. Computational methods provide an alternative route to access these properties. Here, we summarize the developments in methods over the last 70 years and cluster them into three relevant eras. We review the main advances and limitations of each era and conclude with an optimistic perspective for the next decade, which will likely be dominated by emerging machine learning techniques. This article is aimed to help researchers in peripheral scientific domains understand the current challenges of molten salt simulation and identify opportunities to contribute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talmage Porter
- grid.253294.b0000 0004 1936 9115Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Michael M. Vaka
- grid.253294.b0000 0004 1936 9115Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Parker Steenblik
- grid.253294.b0000 0004 1936 9115Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| | - Dennis Della Corte
- grid.253294.b0000 0004 1936 9115Department of Physics and Astronomy, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lynch TJ, Birkner NR, Christian MS, Wrubel JA, Schorne-Pinto J, Van Veelen A, Bargar JR, Besmann TM, Brinkman KS, Chiu WKS. In Situ Determination of Speciation and Local Structure of NaCl-SrCl 2 and LiF-ZrF 4 Molten Salts. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1539-1550. [PMID: 35138853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the local environment of the metal atoms in salt melts is important for modeling the properties of melts and predicting their behavior and thus helping enable the development of technologies such as molten salt reactors and solar-thermal power systems and new approaches to recycling rare-earth metals. Toward that end, we have developed an in situ approach for measuring the coordination of metals in molten salt coupling X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and Raman spectroscopy. Our approach was demonstrated for two salt mixtures (1.9 and 5 mol % SrCl2 in NaCl, 0.8 and 5 mol % ZrF4 in LiF) at up to 1100 °C. Near-edge (X-ray absorption near-edge structure, XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra were measured. The EXAFS response was modeled using ab initio FEFF calculations. Strontium's first shell is observed to be coordinated with chlorine (Sr2+-Cl-) and zirconium's first shell is coordinated by fluorine (Zr4+-F-), both having coordination numbers that decrease with increasing temperature. Multiple zirconium complexes are believed to be present in the melt, which may interfere and distort the EXAFS spectra and result in an anomalously low zirconium first shell coordination number. The use of boron nitride (BN) powder as a salt diluent for XAFS measurements was found to not interfere with measurements and thus can be used for investigations of such systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Lynch
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06369-3139, United States
| | - Nancy R Birkner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0901, United States
| | - Matthew S Christian
- Nuclear Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Jacob A Wrubel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06369-3139, United States
| | - Juliano Schorne-Pinto
- Nuclear Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Arjen Van Veelen
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - John R Bargar
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Theodore M Besmann
- Nuclear Engineering Program, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Kyle S Brinkman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0901, United States
| | - Wilson K S Chiu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06369-3139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu X, Hu J, Wang C. Quantitative Studies on the Structure of Zirconium Fluoride Anions in Molten LiF and FLiBe. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyan Liu
- Department of Radiochemistry Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- Department of Radiochemistry Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Department of Radiochemistry Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Polidori A, Rowlands RF, Zeidler A, Salanne M, Fischer HE, Annighöfer B, Klotz S, Salmon PS. Structure and dynamics of aqueous NaCl solutions at high temperatures and pressures. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:194506. [PMID: 34800945 DOI: 10.1063/5.0067166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of a concentrated solution of NaCl in D2O was investigated by in situ high-pressure neutron diffraction with chlorine isotope substitution to give site-specific information on the coordination environment of the chloride ion. A broad range of densities was explored by first increasing the temperature from 323 to 423 K at 0.1 kbar and then increasing the pressure from 0.1 to 33.8 kbar at 423 K, thus mapping a cyclic variation in the static dielectric constant of the pure solvent. The experimental work was complemented by molecular dynamics simulations using the TIP4P/2005 model for water, which were validated against the measured equation of state and diffraction results. Pressure-induced anion ordering is observed, which is accompanied by a dramatic increase in the Cl-O and O-O coordination numbers. With the aid of bond-distance resolved bond-angle maps, it is found that the increased coordination numbers do not originate from a sizable alteration to the number of either Cl⋯D-O or O⋯D-O hydrogen bonds but from the appearance of non-hydrogen-bonded configurations. Increased pressure leads to a marked decrease in the self-diffusion coefficients but has only a moderate effect on the ion-water residence times. Contact ion pairs are observed under all conditions, mostly in the form of charge-neutral NaCl0 units, and coexist with solvent-separated Na+-Na+ and Cl--Cl- ion pairs. The exchange of water molecules with Na+ adopts a concerted mechanism under ambient conditions but becomes non-concerted as the state conditions are changed. Our findings are important for understanding the role of extreme conditions in geochemical processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Polidori
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth F Rowlands
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Zeidler
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Salanne
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Physico-Chimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Henry E Fischer
- Institut Laue Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Burkhard Annighöfer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Léon Brillouin, CEA-CNRS, Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Stefan Klotz
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 7590, IMPMC, F-75252 Paris, France
| | - Philip S Salmon
- Department of Physics, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Influence of oxide ions on the speciation in molten KF-ZrF4 and KF-HfF4: A Raman spectroscopic and theoretical investigation. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
11
|
Schreuder MJW, Ocádiz Flores JA, Gheribi AE, Beneš O, Griveau JC, Colineau E, Konings RJM, Smith AL. Experimental and Computational Exploration of the NaF-ThF 4 Fuel System: Structure and Thermochemistry. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:8558-8571. [PMID: 34318676 PMCID: PMC8350910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c04830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structural, thermochemical, and thermophysical properties of the NaF-ThF4 fuel system were studied with experimental methods and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Equilibrium MD (EMD) simulations using the polarizable ion model were performed to calculate the density, molar volume, thermal expansion, mixing enthalpy, heat capacity, and distribution of [ThFn]m- complexes in the (Na,Th)Fx melt over the full concentration range at various temperatures. The phase equilibria in the 10-50 mol % ThF4 and 85-95 mol % ThF4 regions of the NaF-ThF4 phase diagram were measured using differential scanning calorimetry, as were the mixing enthalpies at 1266 K of (NaF/ThF4) = (0.8:0.2), (0.7:0.3) mixtures. Furthermore, the β-Na2ThF6 and NaTh2F9 compounds were synthesized and subsequently analyzed with the use of X-ray diffraction. The heat capacities of both compounds were measured in the temperature ranges (2-271 K) and (2-294 K), respectively, by thermal relaxation calorimetry. Finally, a CALPHAD model coupling the structural and thermodynamic data was developed using both EMD and experimental data as input and a quasichemical formalism in the quadruplet approximation. Here, 7- and 8-coordinated Th4+ cations were introduced on the cationic sublattice alongside a 13-coordinated dimeric species to reproduce the chemical speciation, as calculated by EMD simulations and to provide a physical description of the melt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten
B. J. W. Schreuder
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Radiation Science & Technology Department, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jaén A. Ocádiz Flores
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Radiation Science & Technology Department, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Aimen E. Gheribi
- Centre
for Research in Computational Thermochemistry, Department of Chemical
Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique, C.P. 6079, Succursale “Downtown”, Montreal, H3C 3A7 Quebec, Canada
| | - Ondrej Beneš
- European
Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | - Eric Colineau
- European
Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Rudy J. M. Konings
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Radiation Science & Technology Department, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
- European
Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Postfach 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anna Louise Smith
- Faculty
of Applied Sciences, Radiation Science & Technology Department, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ocádiz-Flores J, Gheribi A, Vlieland J, Dardenne K, Rothe J, Konings R, Smith A. New insights and coupled modelling of the structural and thermodynamic properties of the LiF-UF4 system. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
13
|
Ocádiz-Flores JA, Gheribi AE, Vlieland J, de Haas D, Dardenne K, Rothe J, Konings RJM, Smith AL. Examination of the short-range structure of molten salts: ThF 4, UF 4, and related alkali actinide fluoride systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11091-11103. [PMID: 33949518 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00566a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The short-range structures of LiF-ThF4, NaF-AnF4, KF-AnF4, and Cs-AnF4 (An = Th, U), were probed using in situ high temperature Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Signally, the EXAFS spectra of pure molten ThF4 and UF4 were measured for the first time. The data were interpreted with the aid of Molecular Dynamics (MD) and standard fitting of the EXAFS equation. As in related studies, a speciation distribution dominated by [AnFx]4-x (x = 7, 8, 9) coordination complexes was observed. The average coordination number was found to decrease with the increasing size of the alkali cation, and increase with AnF4 content. An average coordination number close to 6, which had not been detected before in melts of alkali actinide fluorides, was seen when CsF was used as solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Ocádiz-Flores
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Radiation Science & Technology Department, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dai JX, Zhang W, Ren CL, Guo XJ. Prediction of dynamics properties of ThF4-based fluoride molten salts by molecular dynamic simulation. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
15
|
Patil UN, Tembe BL. Solvation structures of Na + Cl − ion pair in DMF-water and DMF-methanol mixtures. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1770752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ujwala N. Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Fergusson College (Autonomous), Pune, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Luo Y, Yang T, Geng J, Fu H, Dou Q. The distillation behavior of fluorides in LiCl–KCl molten salt. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Bessada C, Zanghi D, Salanne M, Gil-Martin A, Gibilaro M, Chamelot P, Massot L, Nezu A, Matsuura H. Investigation of ionic local structure in molten salt fast reactor LiF-ThF4-UF4 fuel by EXAFS experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.112927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
18
|
Vorob'ev A, Suzdaltsev A, Pershin P, Galashev A, Zaikov Y. Structure of MF-AlF3-ZrO2 (M = K, Na, Li) ionic melts. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
19
|
A new approach for coupled modelling of the structural and thermo-physical properties of molten salts. Case of a polymeric liquid LiF-BeF2. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
20
|
Sun J, Guo X, Zhou J, Dai J, Song S, Bao H, Lin J, Yu H, He S, Jiang F, Long D, Zhang L, Wang JQ. Investigation of the local structure of molten ThF 4-LiF and ThF 4-LiF-BeF 2 mixtures by high-temperature X-ray absorption spectroscopy and molecular-dynamics simulation. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1733-1741. [PMID: 31490165 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519009718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The microscopic structures of ThF4-LiF and ThF4-LiF-BeF2 molten salts have been systematically investigated by in situ high-temperature X-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy combined with molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations. The results reveal that the local structure of thorium ions was much more disordered in the molten state of the ThF4-LiF-BeF2 salt than that in ThF4-LiF, implying that the Th and F ions were exchanged more frequently in the presence of Be ions. The structures of medium-range-ordered coordination shells (such as Th-F2nd and Th-Th) have been emphasized by experimental and theoretical XAFS analysis, and they play a significant role in transport properties. Using MD simulations, the bonding properties in the molten ThF4-LiF and ThF4-LiF-BeF2 mixtures were evaluated, confirming the above conclusion. This research is, to the best of our knowledge, the first systematic study on the ThF4-LiF-BeF2 molten salt via quantitative in situ XAFS analysis and MD simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- The Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxing Dai
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanzhao Song
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Haisheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangming He
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai 201204, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewu Long
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Linjuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Qiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Theoretical evaluation of microscopic structural and macroscopic thermo-physical properties of molten AF-ThF4 systems (A+ = Li+, Na+ and K+). J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
22
|
Smith AL, Verleg MN, Vlieland J, de Haas D, Ocadiz-Flores JA, Martin P, Rothe J, Dardenne K, Salanne M, Gheribi AE, Capelli E, van Eijck L, Konings RJM. In situ high-temperature EXAFS measurements on radioactive and air-sensitive molten salt materials. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:124-136. [PMID: 30655477 PMCID: PMC6337889 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751801648x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development at the Delft University of Technology (TU Delft, The Netherlands) of an experimental set-up dedicated to high-temperature in situ EXAFS measurements of radioactive, air-sensitive and corrosive fluoride salts is reported. A detailed description of the sample containment cell, of the furnace design, and of the measurement geometry allowing simultaneous transmission and fluorescence measurements is given herein. The performance of the equipment is tested with the room-temperature measurement of thorium tetrafluoride, and the Th-F and Th-Th bond distances obtained by fitting of the EXAFS data are compared with the ones extracted from a refinement of neutron diffraction data collected at the PEARL beamline at TU Delft. The adequacy of the sample confinement is checked with a mapping of the thorium concentration profile of molten salt material. Finally, a few selected salt mixtures (LiF:ThF4) = (0.9:0.1), (0.75:0.25), (0.5:0.5) and (NaF:ThF4) = (0.67:0.33), (0.5:0.5) are measured in the molten state. Qualitative trends along the series are discussed, and the experimental data for the (LiF:ThF4) = (0.5:0.5) composition are compared with the EXAFS spectrum generated from molecular dynamics simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna L. Smith
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Radiation Science and Technology Department, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Malte N. Verleg
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Radiation Science and Technology Department, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - John Vlieland
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Radiation Science and Technology Department, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dick de Haas
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Radiation Science and Technology Department, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jaen A. Ocadiz-Flores
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Radiation Science and Technology Department, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Martin
- CEA, Nuclear Energy Division, Research Department on Mining and Fuel Recycling Processes, SFMA, LCC, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Céze, France
| | - Jörg Rothe
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Radionuclide Speciation Department, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Kathy Dardenne
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal (INE), Radionuclide Speciation Department, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Mathieu Salanne
- UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, ESPCI, UMR 7195, PECSA, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Aimen E. Gheribi
- Centre for Research in Computational Thermochemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique, CP 6079, Succursale ‘Downtown’, Montreal (Quebec), Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Elisa Capelli
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Radiation Science and Technology Department, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Lambert van Eijck
- Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Radiation Science and Technology Department, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Rudy J. M. Konings
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre Karlsruhe (JRC), PO Box 2340, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Liu JB, Chen X, Lu JB, Cui HQ, Li J. Polarizable force field parameterization and theoretical simulations of ThCl 4 -LiCl molten salts. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:2432-2438. [PMID: 30351490 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recycle of thorium is an essential process in the thorium-uranium closed fuel cycle of molten salt reactor (MSR). Pyrochemical treatment of spent nuclear fuel using chloride molten salts as medium has been considered as a promising method. In this article, we performed molecular dynamics simulations on the ThCl4 LiCl molten salts using a polarizable force field parameterized by us from first-principles calculations. The microscopic structures and macroscopic properties at different compositions were investigated using the developed force field to understand the structure/property relationship in the mixture. The differences between ThCl4 LiCl and ThF4 LiF MSs are compared to understand the behaviors of Th4+ in the fluoride-chloride mixed media. In the molten fluorides, the coordination number of Th4+ is larger, and the resulting more shared anions lead to lower ThF dissociation barrier and shorter lifetime of the Th4+ first solvation shell. Our results also indicate the Pauling's structural rules for crystals can be used to rationalize the local structures in molten salts. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Biao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.,Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Cui
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Molecular and Nano Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang J, Wu J, Lu G, Yu J. Molecular dynamics study of the transport properties and local structures of molten alkali metal chlorides. Part III. Four binary systems LiCl-RbCl, LiCl-CsCl, NaCl-RbCl and NaCl-CsCl. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.03.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
25
|
Corradini D, Madden PA, Salanne M. Coordination numbers and physical properties in molten salts and their mixtures. Faraday Discuss 2016; 190:471-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00223k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of trivalent metal halides with alkali halides are involved in many technologies but, from a more fundamental and general perspective, are worthy of study as interesting systems in which to examine the relationship between atomic-scale structure and physical properties. Here we examine the relationship between the viscosity and local and longer range structural measures in such mixtures where the trivalent metal cations span a significant size range and exhibit different behaviours in the dependence of their viscosity on the mixture composition. We characterise the structure and dynamics of the first coordination shell and the relationship between its structural relaxation time and the shear relaxation time of the mixture (the Maxwell relaxation time). We are then led to an examination of the structure of the networks which progressively form between the trivalent metal cations as their concentration increases in the mixtures. Here we find significant differences between small and larger cations, sufficient to explain the different behaviour of their viscosities. We draw attention to the similarities and differences of these networks with those which form in highly viscous, glass-forming materials like BeF2:LiF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul A. Madden
- Department of Materials
- University of Oxford
- Oxford OX1 3PH
- UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Evidence of dynamical local scale distribution heterogeneities in CsF-AF (A=Li, Na, K and Rb) molten salts. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
27
|
Dai J, Long D, Huai P, Li Q. Molecular dynamics studies of the structure of pure molten ThF4 and ThF4–LiF–BeF2 melts. J Mol Liq 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.07.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
28
|
Wang J, Wu J, Sun Z, Lu G, Yu J. Molecular dynamics study of the transport properties and local structures of molten binary systems (Li, Na)Cl, (Li, K)Cl and (Na, K)Cl. J Mol Liq 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
29
|
Pounds MA, Salanne M, Madden PA. Molecular aspects of the Eu3+/Eu2+ redox reaction at the interface between a molten salt and a metallic electrode. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1046526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mathieu Salanne
- Sorbonne Universités , Paris, France
- Maison de la Simulation, CEA – CNRS – INRIA – Université Paris-Sud – Université de Versailles , Paris, France
| | - Paul A. Madden
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford , Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ishii Y, Kasai S, Salanne M, Ohtori N. Transport coefficients and the Stokes–Einstein relation in molten alkali halides with polarisable ion model. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1046527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ishii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University , Niigata, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kasai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University , Niigata, Japan
| | - Mathieu Salanne
- Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8234, PHENIX, Paris, France
- Maison de la Simulation, CEA – CNRS – INRIA – Université Paris-Sud – Université de Versailles , Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Norikazu Ohtori
- Department of Chemistry, Niigata University , Niigata, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rollet AL, Matsuura H, Bessada C. An in situ spectroscopic study of the local structure of oxyfluoride melts: NMR insights into the speciation in molten LiF-LaF3-Li2O systems. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:522-9. [PMID: 24851926 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00926f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The local structure of molten LaF3-LiF-Li2O has been investigated by high temperature NMR spectroscopy. The (139)La and (19)F chemical shifts have been measured as a function of temperature and composition. The NMR spectra show that Li2O reacts completely with LaF3 to form a LaOF compound in the solid state below the melting temperature of the sample. LaOF is not completely dissolved in the fluoride melt and solid LaOF is observed in the (19)F spectra for Li2O concentrations above 10 mol%. We discuss the local environment of lanthanum ions in molten LaF3-LiF-Li2O and compare the results to those with the LaF3-LiF-CaO system. The analysis of the temperature and Li2O concentration dependences of the (139)La and (19)F chemical shifts suggests that several kinds of lanthanum oxyfluoride long-lived LaOxFy(3-x-y) units are present in the melt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Rollet
- PHENIX - CNRS - UPMC, case 51, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shen M, Peng H, Ge M, Wang C, Zuo Y, Xie L. Chemical interactions between zirconium and free oxide in molten fluorides. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical interactions between zirconium and free oxide in FLiNaK melts at different zirconium to oxide (nZr/nO) molar ratios were studied by means of a carbothermal-reduction technique (LECO oxide analyzer) and Raman spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 201800
- P. R. China
| | - Hao Peng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 201800
- P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Min Ge
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 201800
- P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 201800
- P. R. China
| | - Yong Zuo
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 201800
- P. R. China
| | - Leidong Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Shanghai 201800
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Liu JB, Chen X, Qiu YH, Xu CF, Schwarz WHE, Li J. Theoretical Studies of Structure and Dynamics of Molten Salts: The LiF–ThF4 System. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:13954-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp509425p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Biao Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular
Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- College
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular
Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi-Heng Qiu
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular
Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao-Fei Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular
Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W. H. Eugen Schwarz
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular
Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular
Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wang J, Sun Z, Lu G, Yu J. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Local Structures and Transport Coefficients of Molten Alkali Chlorides. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:10196-206. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5050332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering and ‡National Engineering Research Center
for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resource, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ze Sun
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering and ‡National Engineering Research Center
for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resource, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Guimin Lu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering and ‡National Engineering Research Center
for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resource, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jianguo Yu
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering and ‡National Engineering Research Center
for Integrated Utilization of Salt Lake Resource, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Ishii Y, Sato K, Salanne M, Madden PA, Ohtori N. Thermal Conductivity of Molten Alkali Metal Fluorides (LiF, NaF, KF) and Their Mixtures. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:3385-91. [DOI: 10.1021/jp411781n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Ishii
- Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi
2-no cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sato
- Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi
2-no cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| | - Mathieu Salanne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8234, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 8234, PHENIX, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Paul A. Madden
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford 0X1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Norikazu Ohtori
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi
2-no cho, Nishi-ku, Niigata 950-2181, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Levesque M, Sarou-Kanian V, Salanne M, Gobet M, Groult H, Bessada C, Madden PA, Rollet AL. Structure and dynamics in yttrium-based molten rare earth alkali fluorides. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:184503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4802986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
|
38
|
|