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Zhang M, Peng J, Gao Y, Wang B, He J, Bai Y, Liu J, Chen CL, Fang Y, Bian H. Unveiling the Structural and Dynamic Characteristics of Concentrated LiNO 3 Aqueous Solutions through Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7610-7619. [PMID: 39028986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Highly concentrated aqueous electrolytes have attracted a significant amount of attention for their potential applications in lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, a comprehensive understanding of the Li+ solvation structure and its migration within electrolyte solutions remains elusive. This study employs linear vibrational spectroscopy, ultrafast infrared spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate the structural dynamics in LiNO3 solutions by using intrinsic and extrinsic vibrational probes. The N-O stretching vibrations of NO3- exhibit a distinct spectral splitting, attributed to its asymmetric interaction with the surrounding solvation structure. Analysis of the vibrational relaxation dynamics of intrinsic and extrinsic probes, in combination with MD simulations, reveals cage-like networks formed through electrostatic interactions between Li+ and NO3-. This microscopic heterogeneity is reflected in the intertwined arrangement of ions and water molecules. Furthermore, both vehicular transport and structural diffusion assisted by solvent rearrangement for Li+ were analyzed, which are closely linked with the bulk concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jiahui Peng
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Baihui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jiman He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yimin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Cheng-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Sunyat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hongtao Bian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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2
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Deshmukh SH, Nachaki EO, Kuroda DG. Uncovering the binding nature of thiocyanate in contact ion pairs with lithium ions. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:034507. [PMID: 39017430 DOI: 10.1063/5.0216491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ion pair formation is a fundamental molecular process that occurs in a wide variety of systems, including electrolytes, biological systems, and materials. In solution, the thiocyanate (SCN-) anion interacts with cations to form contact ion pairs (CIPs). Due to its ambidentate nature, thiocyanate can bind through either its sulfur or nitrogen atoms, depending on the solvent. This study focuses on the binding nature of thiocyanate with lithium ions as a function of the solvents using FTIR, 2D infrared spectroscopy (2DIR) spectroscopies, and theoretical calculations. The study reveals that the SCN- binding mode (S or N end) in CIPs can be identified through 2DIR spectroscopy but not by linear IR spectroscopy. Linear IR spectroscopy shows that the CN stretch frequencies are too close to one another to separate N- and S-bound CIPs. Moreover, the IR spectrum shows that the S-C stretch presents different frequencies for the salt in different solvents, but it is related to the anion speciation rather than to its binding mode. A similar trend is observed for the anion bend. 2DIR spectra show different dynamics for N-bound and S-bound thiocyanate. In particular, the frequency-frequency correlation function (FFCF) dynamics extracted from the 2DIR spectra have a single picosecond exponential decay for N-bound thiocyanate and a biexponential decay for S-bound thiocyanate, consistent with the binding mode of the anion. Finally, it is also observed that the binding mode also affects the line shape parameters, probably due to the different molecular mechanisms of the FFCF for N- and S-bound CIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samadhan H Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Ernest O Nachaki
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Daniel G Kuroda
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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3
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Torii H, Watanabe K. Asymmetry of the Electrostatic Environment as the Origin of the Symmetry Breaking Effect of the Nitrate Ion in Aqueous Solution. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:6507-6515. [PMID: 37462156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanism of how vibrational modes are affected by intermolecular interactions is important for a better understanding of the nature of the former as probes of the latter. Here, such an analysis is carried out for the N-O stretching modes of the nitrate ion interacting with water, with an emphasis on the symmetry breaking effect. On the basis of theoretical calculations on the structural, vibrational, and electrostatic properties of molecular clusters and spectral simulations for an aqueous solution, a transparent view is demonstrated on the mechanism that modulations of spatially local electrostatic environment give rise to structural and spectroscopic symmetry breaking effect. The electrostatic interaction model constructed here is a seven-parameter model; the use of a single electrostatic parameter, such as the electric field on a single atomic site, is found to be insufficient for quantitative evaluation. It is also shown that the frequency modulations of the N-O stretching modes in aqueous solution occur on a time scale much shorter than 0.1 ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Torii
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
- Department of Optoelectronics and Nanostructure Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
| | - Kao Watanabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu 432-8561, Japan
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4
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Rublev P, Tkachenko NV, Dub PA, Boldyrev AI. On the existence of CO 32- microsolvated clusters: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14046-14055. [PMID: 37161655 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00955f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microsolvated clusters of multiply charged anions play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry and some of them were previously registered experimentally. At the same time, there are no experimental observations of [CO3·(H2O)n]2-. The reasons for this may be related to the thermodynamical or kinetical instability of microsolvated CO32- toward autoionization or autoprotonation processes. In this study we theoretically investigate the potential stability of the [CO3·(H2O)n]2- microsolvated clusters from both perspectives - thermodynamic and kinetic - and we claim they are stable toward autoionization and kinetically semi-stable toward autoprotonation. In addition, the behaviour of CO32- anions in bulk water solvent was analysed to highlight important precautions for synthetic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Rublev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA.
| | - Nikolay V Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA.
| | - Pavel A Dub
- Schrödinger Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Alexander I Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA.
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5
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Schaefer D, Kohns M, Hasse H. Molecular modeling and simulation of aqueous solutions of alkali nitrates. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:134508. [PMID: 37031112 DOI: 10.1063/5.0141331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A set of molecular models for the alkali nitrates (LiNO3, NaNO3, KNO3, RbNO3, and CsNO3) in aqueous solutions is presented and used for predicting the thermophysical properties of these solutions with molecular dynamics simulations. The set of models is obtained from a combination of a model for the nitrate anion from the literature with a set of models for the alkali cations developed in previous works of our group. The water model is SPC/E and the Lorentz–Berthelot combining rules are used for describing the unlike interactions. This combination is shown to yield fair predictions of thermophysical and structural properties of the studied aqueous solutions, namely the density, the water activity and the mean ionic activity coefficient, the self-diffusion coefficients of the ions, and radial distribution functions, which were studied at 298 K and 1 bar; except for the density of the solutions of all five nitrates and the activity properties of solutions of NaNO3, which were also studied at 333 K. For calculating the water the activity and the mean ionic activity coefficient, the OPAS ( osmotic pressure for the activity of selvents) method was applied. The new models extend an ion model family for the alkali halides developed in previous works of our group in a consistent way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Schaefer
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), RPTU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kohns
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), RPTU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Hans Hasse
- Laboratory of Engineering Thermodynamics (LTD), RPTU Kaiserslautern, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Reynolds JG, Nienhuis ET, Mergelsberg ST, Pearce CI, Rosso KM. The Apparent Reversal of the Law of Mass Action in Concentrated Multicomponent Aqueous Solutions. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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7
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Reynolds JG. Solubilities in aqueous nitrate solutions that appear to reverse the law of mass action. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:21407-21418. [PMID: 34553199 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03124d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-ideal aqueous electrolyte solutions have been studied since the start of the application of thermodynamics to chemistry in the late 19th century. The present study examines some of the most extreme non-ideal behavior ever observed: solubilities of alkali and NH4+ nitrate salts in water that appear to behave the opposite of how the Law of Mass Action would predict. A literature review discovered that the solubilities of NH4NO3 and many alkali nitrate salts increases when another nitrate-bearing electrolyte is added to solution. These occurrences were in concentrated solutions with insufficient water to provide all ions their preferred hydration number without sharing waters between ions. This water deficit results in the formation of contact ion-pairs as well as larger ion-clusters. These ion-clusters may be favored when there is more than one type of monovalent cation present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob G Reynolds
- Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC, P. O. Box 850, Richland, WA, 99352, USA.
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8
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Weeraratna C, Kostko O, Ahmed M. An investigation of aqueous ammonium nitrate aerosols with soft X-ray spectroscopy. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1983058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaya Weeraratna
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
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9
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Supunyabut C, Paiboonvorachat N, Vchirawongkwin V. Non-Hessian method for normal coordinate calculations: Application to evaluate vibrational spectra. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Pedersen PD, Mikkelsen KV, Johnson MS. The unexpected effect of aqueous ion pairs on the forbidden n →π* transition in nitrate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:11678-11685. [PMID: 32406445 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00958j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous nitrate is ubiquitous in the environment, found for example in stratospheric clouds, tropospheric particulate matter, rain and snow, fertilized fields, rivers and the ocean. Its photolysis is initiated by absorption into the strongly forbidden n →π* transition. Photolysis reactivates deposited nitrate, releasing nitrogen oxides, and UV light is commonly used to break down nitrate pollution. The transition is doubly forbidden unless its symmetry is broken, giving a powerful means of probing the interactions of nitrate with its environment and of using experiment to validate the results of theory. In this study we demonstrate the remarkably different effects of the addition of a series of mono- and di-valent metal chlorides on the nitrate UV transition. While they all shift the transition to shorter wavelengths, the shift changes significantly from one to another. For the monovalent series Li+, Na+, K+, the blue shift decreases down the column being strongest for Li+ and weakest for K+. For the divalent series Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, the opposite effect is observed with the energy shift of Ba2+ being an order of magnitude larger than for Mg2+. The absorption intensity also changes; the addition of Na+ and K+ decrease intensity whereas Li+ increases intensity. For the divalent cations an increase is seen for all three members of the series Mg2+, Ca2+ and Ba2+. Paradoxically, the effect of addition of CaCl2 to the solution is to decrease the environmental photolysis rate of nitrate; despite the increase in intensity, Ca2+ blue shifts the peak position above the tropospheric photolysis threshold around 300 nm. Using computational chemistry we conclude that the effects are due to the microscopic interactions of the nitrate anion and not continuum effects. Two microscopic mechanisms are investigated in detail, the formation of a nitrate monohydrate cluster and a contact ion pair. The contact ion pair shows the potential for significant impact on the energy and intensity of the transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille D Pedersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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11
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Dembowski M, Snyder MM, Delegard CH, Reynolds JG, Graham TR, Wang HW, Leavy II, Baum SR, Qafoku O, Fountain MS, Rosso KM, Clark SB, Pearce CI. Ion-ion interactions enhance aluminum solubility in alkaline suspensions of nano-gibbsite (α-Al(OH) 3) with sodium nitrite/nitrate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4368-4378. [PMID: 31850442 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05856g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite widespread industrial importance, predicting metal solubilities in highly concentrated, multicomponent aqueous solutions is difficult due to poorly understood ion-ion and ion-solvent interactions. Aluminum hydroxide solid phase solubility in concentrated sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions is one such case, with major implications for ore refining, as well as processing of radioactive waste stored at U.S. Department of Energy legacy sites, such as the Hanford Site, Washington State. The solubility of gibbsite (α-Al(OH)3) is often not well predicted because other ions affect the activity of hydroxide (OH-) and aluminate (Al(OH)4-) anions. In the present study, we systematically examined the influence of key anions, nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-), as sodium salts on the solubility of α-Al(OH)3 in NaOH solutions taking care to establish equilibrium from both under- and oversaturation. Rapid equilibration was enabled by use of a highly pure and crystalline synthetic nano-gibbsite of well-defined particle size and shape. Measured dissolved aluminum concentrations were compared with those predicted by an α-Al(OH)3 solubility model derived for simple Al(OH)4-/OH- systems. Specific anion effects were expressed as an enhancement factor (Alenhc) conveying the excess of dissolved aluminum. At 45 °C, NaNO2 and NaNO3-containing systems exhibited Alenhc values of 2.70 and 1.88, respectively, indicating significant enhancement. The solutions were examined by Raman and high-field 27Al NMR spectroscopy, indicating specific interactions including Al(OH)4--Na+ contact ion pairing and Al(OH)4--NO2-/NO3- ion-ion interactions. Dynamic evolution of the α-Al(OH)3 particles including growth and agglomeration was observed revealing the importance of dissolution/reprecipitation in establishing equilibrium. These studies indicate that incomplete ion hydration, as a result of the low water activity in these concentrated electrolytes, results in: (i) enhanced reactivity of the hydroxide ion with respect to α-Al(OH)3; (ii) increased concentrations of Al(OH)4- in solution; and (iii) stronger ion-ion interactions that act to stabilize the supersaturated solutions. This information on the mechanisms by which α-Al(OH)3 becomes supersaturated is essential for more energy-efficient aluminum processing technologies, including the treatment of millions of gallons of Al(OH)4--rich high-level radioactive waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dembowski
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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12
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Cordeiro RM, Yusupov M, Razzokov J, Bogaerts A. Parametrization and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Nitrogen Oxyanions and Oxyacids for Applications in Atmospheric and Biomolecular Sciences. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:1082-1089. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b08172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M. Cordeiro
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, CEP 09210-580 Santo André (SP), Brazil
| | - Maksudbek Yusupov
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jamoliddin Razzokov
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Research Group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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13
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The importance of ion interactions on electrolyte solution viscosities determined by comparing concentrated sodium carbonate and nitrate solutions. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Reynolds JG. Salt Solubilities in Aqueous Solutions of NaNO 3, NaNO 2, NaCl, and NaOH: A Hofmeister-like Series for Understanding Alkaline Nuclear Waste. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15149-15157. [PMID: 30555997 PMCID: PMC6289547 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nonelectrolyte solubility in electrolyte solutions follow the Hofmeister series, but the applicability of the series to salt solubility has been less appreciated. This study, using solubility data for thirteen sodium-bearing salts, shows that salts are consistently salted out by electrolytes important to alkaline nuclear waste in the order NaOH > NaCl > NaNO2 > NaNO3 at 298.15 K, which is the same order as the Hofmeister series. Graphical presentation allowed for easy separation of the common ion effect (caused by the addition of Na+) from the salting-out effect (caused by the presence of anions) because there is a large difference between the solubility of a given salt in different background electrolytes at a common Na+ molality. The trend persists even in very high electrolyte concentrations where essentially all of the water molecules must be in the coordination sphere of an ion, which means that the effect of electrolytes on "bulk water" is not the cause of the trend. These specific interactions more likely result from the sharing of water molecules between ions, augmented by differences in ion-pairing of the electrolytes. The Hofmeister series has practical application to the management of alkaline high-level radioactive waste created at nuclear fuel reprocessing facilities, where a predictive understanding of salt solubility is essential for blending wastes of disparate compositions prior to treatment.
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15
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Wang HW, Vlcek L, Neuefeind JC, Page K, Irle S, Simonson JM, Stack AG. Decoding Oxyanion Aqueous Solvation Structure: A Potassium Nitrate Example at Saturation. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:7584-7589. [PMID: 29991255 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b05895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ability to probe the structure of a salt solution at the atomic scale is fundamentally important for our understanding of many chemical reactions and their mechanisms. The capability of neutron diffraction to "see" hydrogen (or deuterium) and other light isotopes is exceptional for resolving the structural complexity around the dissolved solutes in aqueous electrolytes. We have made measurements using oxygen isotopes on aqueous nitrate to reveal a small hydrogen-bonded water coordination number (3.9 ± 1.2) around a nitrate oxyanion. This is compared to estimates made using the existing method of nitrogen isotope substitution and those of computational simulations (>5-6 water molecules). The low water coordination number, combined with a comparison to classical molecular dynamics simulations, suggests that ion-pair formation is significant. This insight demonstrates the utility of experimental diffraction data for benchmarking atomistic computer simulations, enabling the development of more accurate intermolecular potentials.
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17
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Campetella M, Mariani A, Sadun C, Wu B, Castner EW, Gontrani L. Structure and dynamics of propylammonium nitrate-acetonitrile mixtures: An intricate multi-scale system probed with experimental and theoretical techniques. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:134507. [PMID: 29626911 DOI: 10.1063/1.5021868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we report the study of structural and dynamical properties for a series of acetonitrile/propylammonium nitrate mixtures as a function of their composition. These systems display an unusual increase in intensity in their X-ray diffraction patterns in the low-q regime, and their 1H-NMR diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) spectra display unusual diffusivities. However, the magnitude of both phenomena for mixtures of propylammonium nitrate is smaller than those observed for ethylammonium nitrate mixtures with the same cosolvent, suggesting that the cation alkyl tail plays an important role in these observations. The experimental X-ray scattering data are compared with the results of molecular dynamics simulations, including both ab initio studies used to interpret short-range interactions and classical simulations to describe longer range interactions. The higher level calculations highlight the presence of a strong hydrogen bond network within the ionic liquid, only slightly perturbed even at high acetonitrile concentration. These strong interactions lead to the symmetry breaking of the NO3- vibrations, with a splitting of about 88 cm-1 in the ν3 antisymmetric stretch. The classical force field simulations use a greater number of ion pairs, but are not capable of fully describing the longest range interactions, although they do successfully account for the observed concentration trend, and the analysis of the models confirms the nano-inhomogeneity of these kinds of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Campetella
- Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, CNRS, PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alessandro Mariani
- Beamline ID02, ESRF-European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Claudia Sadun
- Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," P. le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Boning Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Edward W Castner
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Lorenzo Gontrani
- Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza," P. le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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18
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Zilberg S, Mizrahi A, Meyerstein D, Kornweitz H. Carbonate and carbonate anion radicals in aqueous solutions exist as CO3(H2O)62− and CO3(H2O)6˙− respectively: the crucial role of the inner hydration sphere of anions in explaining their properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:9429-9435. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08240a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
An effort to reproduce the physical properties of CO32− and CO3˙− in water proves that one has to include an inner hydration sphere of six water molecules for both anions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Mizrahi
- Chemistry Department
- Ben-Gurion University
- Beer-Sheva
- Israel
| | - Dan Meyerstein
- Chemical Sciences Department
- Ariel University
- Ariel
- Israel
- Chemistry Department
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19
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20
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Campetella M, Macchiagodena M, Gontrani L, Kirchner B. Effect of alkyl chain length in protic ionic liquids: an AIMD perspective. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1308027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Campetella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Macchiagodena
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße, Bonn,Germany
| | - L. Gontrani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, Rome, Italy
| | - B. Kirchner
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstraße, Bonn,Germany
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21
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Jones KK, Eckler LH, Nee MJ. Effect of Ionic Strength on Solvation Geometries in Aqueous Nitrate Ion Solutions. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2322-2330. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konnor K. Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, Kentucky 42101, United States
| | - Logan H. Eckler
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, Kentucky 42101, United States
| | - Matthew J. Nee
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Boulevard, Bowling Green, Kentucky 42101, United States
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22
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Fournier JA, Carpenter W, De Marco L, Tokmakoff A. Interplay of Ion–Water and Water–Water Interactions within the Hydration Shells of Nitrate and Carbonate Directly Probed with 2D IR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:9634-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b05122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Fournier
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and James Franck
Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - William Carpenter
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and James Franck
Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Luigi De Marco
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and James Franck
Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrei Tokmakoff
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, and James Franck
Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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23
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Campetella M, Bovi D, Caminiti R, Guidoni L, Bencivenni L, Gontrani L. Structural and vibrational study of 2-MethoxyEthylAmmonium Nitrate (2-OMeEAN): Interpretation of experimental results with ab initio molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:024507. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4956459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Campetella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma, “La Sapienza,” P. le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - D. Bovi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma, “La Sapienza,” P. le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - R. Caminiti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma, “La Sapienza,” P. le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - L. Guidoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell’Aquila, Via Vetoio, Coppito, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - L. Bencivenni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma, “La Sapienza,” P. le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - L. Gontrani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma, “La Sapienza,” P. le Aldo Moro 5, I-00185 Roma, Italy
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24
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Smith JW, Lam RK, Shih O, Rizzuto AM, Prendergast D, Saykally RJ. Properties of aqueous nitrate and nitrite from x-ray absorption spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:084503. [PMID: 26328852 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrate and nitrite ions are of considerable interest, both for their widespread use in commercial and research contexts and because of their central role in the global nitrogen cycle. The chemistry of atmospheric aerosols, wherein nitrate is abundant, has been found to depend on the interfacial behavior of ionic species. The interfacial behavior of ions is determined largely by their hydration properties; consequently, the study of the hydration and interfacial behavior of nitrate and nitrite comprises a significant field of study. In this work, we describe the study of aqueous solutions of sodium nitrate and nitrite via X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), interpreted in light of first-principles density functional theory electronic structure calculations. Experimental and calculated spectra of the nitrogen K-edge XA spectra of bulk solutions exhibit a large 3.7 eV shift between the XA spectra of nitrate and nitrite resulting from greater stabilization of the nitrogen 1s energy level in nitrate. A similar shift is not observed in the oxygen K-edge XA spectra of NO3 (-) and NO2 (-). The hydration properties of nitrate and nitrite are found to be similar, with both anions exhibiting a similar propensity towards ion pairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Royce K Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Orion Shih
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Anthony M Rizzuto
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - David Prendergast
- The Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Richard J Saykally
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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25
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Conte P. Effects of ions on water structure: a low-field ¹H T₁ NMR relaxometry approach. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:711-718. [PMID: 25356882 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous salt solutions play an important role in nature because of their effects on environmental biogeochemical processes and on structural properties of biomolecules. Upon dissolution, salts split in ions that are solvated. Water in hydration shells is subjected to molecular motions that can be monitored by (1)H T1 NMR relaxometry. This technique allowed the evaluation of the nature of the interactions between water and ions via variable temperature experiments. Examination of relaxometry properties of aqueous solutions at variable salt concentrations allowed acknowledgement of the role played by ions in either structuring or destructuring water aggregates. A mathematical model has been applied on six environmentally relevant salts: NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, CaCO3, NaNO3, and NH4NO3. It was linear only for the concentration dependence of KCl-R1. This model accorded with the one reported in literature where it has been considered valid only for diluted solutions. However, in the present study, the range of linearity for KCl was extended up to the saturation point. The model was modified for NaCl, CaCl2, and CaCO3 by using it as an exponential form in order to account for the nonlinearity of the R1-versus-concentration curves. Nonlinearity was explained by the nonnegligible ion-ion interactions occurring as concentration was increased. Finally, further modification was needed to account for the asymmetric distribution of water around nitrate (in NaNO3 and NH4NO3) and ammonium (in NH4NO3). This study is preliminary to the comprehension of the diffusion mechanisms of ions in water solutions at the equilibrium condition with solid surfaces such as soils and biochar-amended soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pellegrino Conte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, v.le delle Scienze edificio 4, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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26
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Vchirawongkwin S, Kritayakornupong C, Tongraar A, Vchirawongkwin V. Hydration properties determining the reactivity of nitrite in aqueous solution. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:12164-74. [PMID: 24840033 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00273c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of the hydration properties of the nitrite ion is key to understanding its reaction mechanism controlled by solvent effects. Here, ab initio quantum mechanical charge field molecular dynamics was performed to obtain the structural and dynamical properties of the hydration shell in an aqueous solution of nitrite ions, elucidated by data analysis using a molecular approach and an extended quantitative analysis of all superimposed trajectories with three-dimensional alignment (density map). The pattern of the power spectra corresponded to the experimental data, indicating the suitability of the Hartree-Fock method coupled with double-ζ plus polarization and diffuse functional basis sets to study this system. The density maps revealed the structure of the hydration shell, that presented a higher density in the N-O bond direction than in the axis vertical to the molecular plane, whereas the atomic and molecular radial distribution functions provided vague information. The number of actual contacts indicated 4.6 water molecules interacting with a nitrite ion, and 1.5 extra water molecules located in the molecular hydration shell, forming a H-bonding network with the bulk water. The mean residence times for the water ligands designated the strength of the hydration spheres for the oxygen sites, whilst the results for the nitrogen sites over-estimated the number of water molecules from other sites and indicated a weak structure. These results show the influence of the water molecules surrounding the nitrite ion creating an anisotropic hydration shell, suggesting that the reactive sites are situated above and below the molecular plane with a lower water density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowapak Vchirawongkwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Rangsit University, Patumthani 12000, Thailand
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27
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Chialvo AA, Vlcek L. NO3– Coordination in Aqueous Solutions by 15N/14N and 18O/natO Isotopic Substitution: What Can We Learn from Molecular Simulation? J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:519-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jp510355u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A. Chialvo
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Geochemistry and Interfacial Sciences Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6110, United States
| | - Lukas Vlcek
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Geochemistry and Interfacial Sciences Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6110, United States
- Joint
Institute for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak
Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6173, United States
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28
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Smirnov PR. Comparative analysis of structural parameters of the nearest surrounding of nitrate and perchlorate ions in aqueous solutions of electrolytes. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363214100016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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29
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Dandekar P, Doherty MF. A mechanistic growth model for inorganic crystals: Growth mechanism. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preshit Dandekar
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University of California Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara California 93106-5080
| | - Michael F. Doherty
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; University of California Santa Barbara; Santa Barbara California 93106-5080
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30
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Marcus Y. The Molar Volumes of Ions in Solution, Part 7. Electrostriction and Hydration Numbers of Aqueous Polyatomic Anions at 25 °C. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:2172-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp412330u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhak Marcus
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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31
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Averina MI, Egorov AV, Chizhik VI. Microstructure of concentrated solutions in the water-lithium nitrate-calcium nitrate ternary system from molecular dynamics simulations. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s002247661308009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Martelli F, Jeanvoine Y, Vercouter T, Beuchat C, Vuilleumier R, Spezia R. Hydration properties of lanthanoid(iii) carbonate complexes in liquid water determined by polarizable molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:3693-705. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp54001d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Svoboda O, Kubelová L, Slavíček P. Enabling Forbidden Processes: Quantum and Solvation Enhancement of Nitrate Anion UV Absorption. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:12868-77. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4098777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Svoboda
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kubelová
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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34
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Dorvee JR, Veis A. Water in the formation of biogenic minerals: peeling away the hydration layers. J Struct Biol 2013; 183:278-303. [PMID: 23791831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Minerals of biogenic origin form and crystallize from aqueous environments at ambient temperatures and pressures. The in vivo environment either intracellular or intercellular, contains many components that modulate both the activity of the ions which associate to form the mineral, as well as the activity and structure of the crowded water. Most of the studies about the mechanism of mineralization, that is, the detailed pathways by which the mineral ions proceed from solution to crystal state, have been carried out in relatively dilute solutions and clean solutions. These studies have considered both thermodynamic and kinetic controls. Most have not considered the water itself. Is the water a passive bystander, or is it intimately a participant in the mineral ion densification reaction? A wide range of experiments show that the mineralization pathways proceed through a series of densification stages with intermediates, such as a "dense liquid" phase and the prenucleation clusters that form within it. This is in contrast to the idea of a single step phase transition, but consistent with the Gibbs concept of discontinuous phase transitions from supersaturated mother liquor to crystal. Further changes in the water structure at every surface and interface during densification guides the free energy trajectory leading to the crystalline state. In vertebrates, mineralization takes place in a hydrated collagen matrix, thus water must be considered as a direct participant. Although different in detail, the crystallization of calcium phosphates, as apatite, and calcium carbonates, as calcite, are mechanistically identical from the viewpoint of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Dorvee
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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35
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Thøgersen J, Réhault J, Odelius M, Ogden T, Jena NK, Jensen SJK, Keiding SR, Helbing J. Hydration Dynamics of Aqueous Nitrate. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:3376-88. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310090u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Thøgersen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus,
Denmark
| | - Julien Réhault
- Institute of Physical
Chemistry, University of Zürich,
Wintherthurerstrasse 190,
CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department of Physics, Albanova,
Roslagstullbacken 21, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tom Ogden
- Department of Physics, Albanova,
Roslagstullbacken 21, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naresh K. Jena
- Department of Physics, Albanova,
Roslagstullbacken 21, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Svend J. Knak Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus,
Denmark
| | - Søren R. Keiding
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus,
Denmark
| | - Jan Helbing
- Institute of Physical
Chemistry, University of Zürich,
Wintherthurerstrasse 190,
CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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36
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Sato H. A modern solvation theory: quantum chemistry and statistical chemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:7450-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50247c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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37
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Trinapakul M, Kritayakornupong C, Tongraar A, Vchirawongkwin V. Active site of the solvated thiosulfate ion characterized by hydration structures and dynamics. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:10807-17. [PMID: 23783566 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50329a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Montira Trinapakul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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38
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Vchirawongkwin V, Pornpiganon C, Kritayakornupong C, Tongraar A, Rode BM. The Stability of Bisulfite and Sulfonate Ions in Aqueous Solution Characterized by Hydration Structure and Dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:11498-507. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305648e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viwat Vchirawongkwin
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chokchai Pornpiganon
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chinapong Kritayakornupong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Anan Tongraar
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Bernd M. Rode
- Theoretical Chemistry Division,
Institute of General, Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52a, A-6020 Innsbruck,
Austria
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