1
|
Gilkes J, Storr MT, Maurer RJ, Habershon S. Predicting Long-Time-Scale Kinetics under Variable Experimental Conditions with Kinetica.jl. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:5196-5214. [PMID: 38829777 PMCID: PMC11209948 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Predicting the degradation processes of molecules over long time scales is a key aspect of industrial materials design. However, it is made computationally challenging by the need to construct large networks of chemical reactions that are relevant to the experimental conditions that kinetic models must mirror, with every reaction requiring accurate kinetic data. Here, we showcase Kinetica.jl, a new software package for constructing large-scale chemical reaction networks in a fully automated fashion by exploring chemical reaction space with a kinetics-driven algorithm; coupled to efficient machine-learning models of activation energies for sampled elementary reactions, we show how this approach readily enables generation and kinetic characterization of networks containing ∼103 chemical species and ≃104-105 reactions. Symbolic-numeric modeling of the generated reaction networks is used to allow for flexible, efficient computation of kinetic profiles under experimentally realizable conditions such as continuously variable temperature regimes, enabling direct connection between bottom-up reaction networks and experimental observations. Highly efficient propagation of long-time-scale kinetic profiles is required for automated reaction network refinement and is enabled here by a new discrete kinetic approximation. The resulting Kinetica.jl simulation package therefore enables automated generation, characterization, and long-time-scale modeling of complex chemical reaction systems. We demonstrate this for hydrocarbon pyrolysis simulated over time scales of seconds, using transient temperature profiles representing those of tubular flow reactor experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joe Gilkes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
- EPSRC
HetSys Centre for Doctoral Training, University
of Warwick, Gibbet Hill
Rd, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | | | - Reinhard J. Maurer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| | - Scott Habershon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL Coventry, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Influence of Flow and Pressure of Carburising Mixture on Low-Pressure Carburising Process Efficiency. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low-pressure carburising (LPC) of steel is an industrially accepted method for improving the properties of a steel surface. LPC is environmentally friendly, does not cause intergranular oxidation and consumes less energy. Its effectiveness depends on the correct choice of process inputs. This paper aims to determine the effect of this type of carboniferous gas, pressure and flow rate on the efficiency of carbon transfer to the surface layer under low-pressure carburisation. A total of 40 disks of 16MnCr5 steel were carburised using pure acetylene or a mixture of acetylene, ethylene and hydrogen as a carboniferous gas, pressures of 2 or 6 hPa and two gas flow rates. The specimens were gravimetrically tested for the increase in the mass of carbon in the carburised layer. The results were analysed with U Mann–Whitney analysis and t-Student test. It was evidenced that carburising with pure acetylene resulted in a higher increase in carbon mass than carburising with the mixture (p < 0.05). Pressure and gas flow rates are important for carburising efficiency (p < 0.05).
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao X, Gong C, Liu J, Ma H, Li Z, Wang J, Li X. Development of a detailed pyrolysis mechanism for C
1
–C
4
hydrocarbons under a wide range of temperature and pressure. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Cao
- College of Aeronautics and Astronautics Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | | | - Jianwen Liu
- Beijing Power Machinery Institute Beijing China
| | - Huimin Ma
- Beijing Power Machinery Institute Beijing China
| | - Zerong Li
- College of Chemistry Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jingbo Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Xiangyuan Li
- College of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
A review of mechanistic and mathematical modeling of n-heptane and cyclohexane pyrolysis. APPLIED PETROCHEMICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13203-018-0213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
|
5
|
Stangland EE. Shale Gas Implications for C 2-C 3 Olefin Production: Incumbent and Future Technology. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2018; 9:341-364. [PMID: 29595999 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-060817-084345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Substantial natural gas liquids recovery from tight shale formations has produced a significant boon for the US chemical industry. As fracking technology improves, shale liquids may represent the same for other geographies. As with any major industry disruption, the advent of shale resources permits both the chemical industry and the community an excellent opportunity to have open, foundational discussions on how both public and private institutions should research, develop, and utilize these resources most sustainably. This review summarizes current chemical industry processes that use ethane and propane from shale gas liquids to produce the two primary chemical olefins of the industry: ethylene and propylene. It also discusses simplified techno-economics related to olefins production from an industry perspective, attempting to provide a mutually beneficial context in which to discuss the next generation of sustainable olefin process development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric E Stangland
- Corporate Research & Development, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan 48674, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Buras ZJ, Chu TC, Jamal A, Yee NW, Middaugh JE, Green WH. Phenyl radical + propene: a prototypical reaction surface for aromatic-catalyzed 1,2-hydrogen-migration and subsequent resonance-stabilized radical formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:13191-13214. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01159a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
H-Shifts in the alkyl chain catalyzed by an aromatic ring (green pathway).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Buras
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Te-Chun Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Adeel Jamal
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Nathan W. Yee
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - Joshua E. Middaugh
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| | - William H. Green
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Cambridge
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Y, Klippenstein SJ, Zhou CW, Curran HJ. Theoretical Kinetics Analysis for Ḣ Atom Addition to 1,3-Butadiene and Related Reactions on the Ċ 4H 7 Potential Energy Surface. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7433-7445. [PMID: 28885843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation chemistry of the simplest conjugated hydrocarbon, 1,3-butadiene, can provide a first step in understanding the role of polyunsaturated hydrocarbons in combustion and, in particular, an understanding of their contribution toward soot formation. On the basis of our previous work on propene and the butene isomers (1-, 2-, and isobutene), it was found that the reaction kinetics of Ḣ-atom addition to the C═C double bond plays a significant role in fuel consumption kinetics and influences the predictions of high-temperature ignition delay times, product species concentrations, and flame speed measurements. In this study, the rate constants and thermodynamic properties for Ḣ-atom addition to 1,3-butadiene and related reactions on the Ċ4H7 potential energy surface have been calculated using two different series of quantum chemical methods and two different kinetic codes. Excellent agreement is obtained between the two different kinetics codes. The calculated results including zero-point energies, single-point energies, rate constants, barrier heights, and thermochemistry are systematically compared among the two quantum chemical methods. 1-Methylallyl (Ċ4H71-3) and 3-buten-1-yl (Ċ4H71-4) radicals and C2H4 + Ċ2H3 are found to be the most important channels and reactivity-promoting products, respectively. We calculated that terminal addition is dominant (>80%) compared to internal Ḣ-atom addition at all temperatures in the range 298-2000 K. However, this dominance decreases with increasing temperature. The calculated rate constants for the bimolecular reaction C4H6 + Ḣ → products and C2H4 + Ċ2H3 → products are in excellent agreement with both experimental and theoretical results from the literature. For selected C4 species, the calculated thermochemical values are also in good agreement with literature data. In addition, the rate constants for H atom abstraction by Ḣ atoms have also been calculated, and it is found that abstraction from the central carbon atoms is the dominant channel (>70%) at temperatures in the range of 298-2000 K. Finally, by incorporating our calculated rate constants for both Ḣ atom addition and abstraction into our recently developed 1,3-butadiene model, we show that laminar flame speed predictions are significantly improved, emphasizing the value of this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland , Galway, Ireland
| | - Stephen J Klippenstein
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Chong-Wen Zhou
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University , Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Henry J Curran
- Combustion Chemistry Centre, National University of Ireland , Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu J, Zhang S, Zhou Y, Fung V, Nguyen L, Jiang DE, Shen W, Fan J, Tao FF. Tuning Catalytic Selectivity of Oxidative Catalysis through Deposition of Nonmetallic Atoms in Surface Lattice of Metal Oxide. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shiran Zhang
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Yan Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Victor Fung
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Luan Nguyen
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - De-en Jiang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Wenjie Shen
- State
Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department
of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Franklin Feng Tao
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang K, Villano SM, Dean AM. Ab initio study of the influence of resonance stabilization on intramolecular ring closure reactions of hydrocarbon radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:8437-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06994g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The cyclization reactions of dieneyl radicals provide a low energy route to the formation of molecular weight growth products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Dept
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden
- USA
| | | | - Anthony M. Dean
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Dept
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Buras ZJ, Dames EE, Merchant SS, Liu G, Elsamra RMI, Green WH. Kinetics and Products of Vinyl + 1,3-Butadiene, a Potential Route to Benzene. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:7325-38. [DOI: 10.1021/jp512705r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Buras
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Enoch E. Dames
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shamel S. Merchant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Guozhu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Rehab M. I. Elsamra
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Ibrahimia 21321, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - William H. Green
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts
Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ning H, Gong C, Li Z, Li X. Pressure-Dependent Kinetics of Initial Reactions in Iso-octane Pyrolysis. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4093-107. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HongBo Ning
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - ChunMing Gong
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - ZeRong Li
- College
of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiangYuan Li
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang K, Villano SM, Dean AM. Reactions of allylic radicals that impact molecular weight growth kinetics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:6255-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05308g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of allylic radicals have the potential to play a critical role in molecular weight growth (MWG) kinetics during hydrocarbon oxidation and/or pyrolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden
- USA
| | | | - Anthony M. Dean
- Chemical and Biological Engineering Department
- Colorado School of Mines
- Golden
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chern F, Chen TS, Chern JM. Effective Kinetic Modeling for Homogeneous Reaction Networks with Branches from Loops. Ind Eng Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ie501971a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Chern
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tatung University, 40
Chungshan North Road, Third Sec. Taipei, 104, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Shang Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tatung University, 40
Chungshan North Road, Third Sec. Taipei, 104, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ming Chern
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tatung University, 40
Chungshan North Road, Third Sec. Taipei, 104, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Karaba A, Zamostny P, Lederer J, Belohlav Z. Generalized Model of Hydrocarbons Pyrolysis Using Automated Reactions Network Generation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie4006657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Karaba
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Organic Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technicka
5, 116 28 Prague, Czech Republic
- Research Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Revolucni 1521/84, 400 01 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zamostny
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Organic Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technicka
5, 116 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromir Lederer
- Research Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Revolucni 1521/84, 400 01 Usti nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Belohlav
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Organic Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technicka
5, 116 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|