1
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Bregnhøj M, Thorning F, Ogilby PR. Singlet Oxygen Photophysics: From Liquid Solvents to Mammalian Cells. Chem Rev 2024. [PMID: 39106038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen, O2, has long provided a cornerstone for studies in chemistry, physics, and biology. Although the triplet ground state, O2(X3Σg-), has garnered much attention, the lowest excited electronic state, O2(a1Δg), commonly called singlet oxygen, has attracted appreciable interest, principally because of its unique chemical reactivity in systems ranging from the Earth's atmosphere to biological cells. Because O2(a1Δg) can be produced and deactivated in processes that involve light, the photophysics of O2(a1Δg) are equally important. Moreover, pathways for O2(a1Δg) deactivation that regenerate O2(X3Σg-), which address fundamental principles unto themselves, kinetically compete with the chemical reactions of O2(a1Δg) and, thus, have practical significance. Due to technological advances (e.g., lasers, optical detectors, microscopes), data acquired in the past ∼20 years have increased our understanding of O2(a1Δg) photophysics appreciably and facilitated both spatial and temporal control over the behavior of O2(a1Δg). One goal of this Review is to summarize recent developments that have broad ramifications, focusing on systems in which oxygen forms a contact complex with an organic molecule M (e.g., a liquid solvent). An important concept is the role played by the M+•O2-• charge-transfer state in both the formation and deactivation of O2(a1Δg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Bregnhøj
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Frederik Thorning
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
| | - Peter R Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 140 Langelandsgade, Aarhus 8000, Denmark
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2
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Liška V, Willimetz R, Kubát P, Křtěnová P, Gyepes R, Mosinger J. Synergistic photogeneration of nitric oxide and singlet oxygen by nanofiber membranes via blue and/or red-light irradiation: Strong antibacterial action. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 255:112906. [PMID: 38688040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
New functionalities were added to biocompatible polycaprolactone nanofiber materials through the co-encapsulation of chlorin e6 trimethyl ester (Ce6) photogenerating singlet oxygen and absorbing light both in the blue and red regions, and using 4-(N-(aminopropyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-nitrobenzenamine)-7-nitrobenzofurazan, NO-photodonor (NOP), absorbing light in the blue region of visible light. Time-resolved and steady-state luminescence, as well as absorption spectroscopy, were used to monitor both photoactive compounds. The nanofiber material exhibited photogeneration of antibacterial species, specifically nitric oxide and singlet oxygen, upon visible light excitation. This process resulted in the efficient photodynamic inactivation of E. coli not only close to nanofiber material surfaces due to short-lived singlet oxygen, but even at longer distances due to diffusion of longer-lived nitric oxide. Interestingly, nitric oxide was also formed by processes involving photosensitization of Ce6 during irradiation by red light. This is promising for numerous applications, especially in the biomedical field, where strictly local photogeneration of NO and its therapeutic benefits can be applied using excitation in the "human body phototherapeutic window" (600-850 nm). Generally, due to the high permeability of red light, the photogeneration of NO can be achieved in any aqueous environment where direct excitation of NOP to its absorbance in the blue region is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Liška
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Willimetz
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubát
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Křtěnová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Gyepes
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education of J. Selye University, Bratislavská 3322, 945 01 Komárno, Slovak Republic
| | - Jiří Mosinger
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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3
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Mussini A, Delcanale P, Berni M, Pongolini S, Jordà-Redondo M, Agut M, Steinbach PJ, Nonell S, Abbruzzetti S, Viappiani C. Concanavalin A Delivers a Photoactive Protein to the Bacterial Wall. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5751. [PMID: 38891937 PMCID: PMC11172101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Modular supramolecular complexes, where different proteins are assembled to gather targeting capability and photofunctional properties within the same structures, are of special interest for bacterial photodynamic inactivation, given their inherent biocompatibility and flexibility. We have recently proposed one such structure, exploiting the tetrameric bacterial protein streptavidin as the main building block, to target S. aureus protein A. To expand the palette of targets, we have linked biotinylated Concanavalin A, a sugar-binding protein, to a methylene blue-labelled streptavidin. By applying a combination of spectroscopy and microscopy, we demonstrate the binding of Concanavalin A to the walls of Gram-positive S. aureus and Gram-negative E. coli. Photoinactivation is observed for both bacterial strains in the low micromolar range, although the moderate affinity for the molecular targets and the low singlet oxygen yields limit the overall efficiency. Finally, we apply a maximum entropy method to the analysis of autocorrelation traces, which proves particularly useful when interpreting signals measured for diffusing systems heterogeneous in size, such as fluorescent species bound to bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mussini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pietro Delcanale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Melissa Berni
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna, Strada dei Mercati, 13/A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Pongolini
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna, Strada dei Mercati, 13/A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Mireia Jordà-Redondo
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Agut
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter J. Steinbach
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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4
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Hovan A, Pevna V, Huntosova V, Miskovsky P, Bánó G. Singlet oxygen lifetime changes in dying glioblastoma cells. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:159-171. [PMID: 37357990 DOI: 10.1111/php.13828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved phosphorescence detection was employed to determine the lifetime of singlet oxygen in live cells. Using hypericin as a photosensitizer, singlet oxygen was generated in U87MG glioblastoma cells. The phosphorescence of singlet oxygen was detected in aqueous cell suspensions following pulsed laser excitation. Our goal was to eliminate or reduce the problems associated with lifetime measurements in water-based cell suspensions. The apparatus enabled simultaneous singlet oxygen phosphorescence and transient absorption measurements, reducing uncertainty in lifetime estimation. The changes in singlet oxygen lifetime were observed during early and late apoptosis induced by photodynamic action. Our findings show that the effective lifetime of singlet oxygen in the intracellular space of the studied glioblastoma cells is 0.4 μs and increases to 1.5 μs as apoptosis progresses. Another group of hypericin, presumably located in the membrane blebs and the plasma membrane of apoptotic cells, generates singlet oxygen with a lifetime of 1.9 μs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Hovan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Viktoria Pevna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Huntosova
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Pavol Miskovsky
- Cassovia New Industry Cluster, Košice, Slovak Republic
- SAFTRA Photonics Ltd., Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Gregor Bánó
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
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5
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Arnaut ZA, Pinto SMA, Aroso RT, Amorim AS, Lobo CS, Schaberle FA, Pereira D, Núñez J, Nunes SCC, Pais AACC, Rodrigues-Santos P, de Almeida LP, Pereira MM, Arnaut LG. Selective, broad-spectrum antiviral photodynamic disinfection with dicationic imidazolyl chlorin photosensitizers. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2607-2620. [PMID: 37755667 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00476-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exposes our vulnerability to viruses that acquire the ability to infect our cells. Classical disinfection methods are limited by toxicity. Existing medicines performed poorly against SARS-CoV-2 because of their specificity to targets in different organisms. We address the challenge of mitigating known and prospective viral infections with a new photosensitizer for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Photodynamic inactivation is based on local oxidative stress, which is particularly damaging to enveloped viruses. We synthesized a cationic imidazolyl chlorin that reduced by > 99.999% of the percentage inhibition of amplification of SARS-CoV-2 collected from patients at 0.2 µM concentration and 4 J cm-2. Similar results were obtained in the prevention of infection of human ACE2-expressing HEK293T cells by a pseudotyped lentiviral vector exhibiting the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 at its surface. No toxicity to human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells was found under similar conditions. aPDT with this chlorin offers fast and safe broad-spectrum photodisinfection and can be repeated with low risk of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe A Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, CQC-IMS, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara M A Pinto
- Chemistry Department, CQC-IMS, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rafael T Aroso
- Chemistry Department, CQC-IMS, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anita S Amorim
- Chemistry Department, CQC-IMS, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina S Lobo
- LaserLeap Technologies, R. Col. Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV, Ed. B, 3025-307, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fabio A Schaberle
- Chemistry Department, CQC-IMS, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Dina Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jisette Núñez
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra C C Nunes
- Chemistry Department, CQC-IMS, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alberto A C C Pais
- Chemistry Department, CQC-IMS, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Immunology and Oncology, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luis Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-517, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariette M Pereira
- Chemistry Department, CQC-IMS, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Luis G Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, CQC-IMS, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
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6
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Abstract
Endogenous photosensitizers play a critical role in both beneficial and harmful light-induced transformations in biological systems. Understanding their mode of action is essential for advancing fields such as photomedicine, photoredox catalysis, environmental science, and the development of sun care products. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of endogenous photosensitizers in human skin, investigating the connections between their electronic excitation and the subsequent activation or damage of organic biomolecules. We gather the physicochemical and photochemical properties of key endogenous photosensitizers and examine the relationships between their chemical reactivity, location within the skin, and the primary biochemical events following solar radiation exposure, along with their influence on skin physiology and pathology. An important take-home message of this review is that photosensitization allows visible light and UV-A radiation to have large effects on skin. The analysis presented here unveils potential causes for the continuous increase in global skin cancer cases and emphasizes the limitations of current sun protection approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick L Bastos
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank H Quina
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Photoinactivation of Planktonic Cells, Pseudohyphae, and Biofilms of Candida albicans Sensitized by a Free-Base Chlorin and Its Metal Complexes with Zn(II) and Pd(II). Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12010105. [PMID: 36671307 PMCID: PMC9854949 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive candidiasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and its occurrence is increasing due to the growing complexity of patients. In particular, Candida albicans exhibits several virulence factors that facilitate yeast colonization in humans. In this sense, the photodynamic inactivation of yeasts is a promising new alternative to eliminate fungal infections. Herein, the photodynamic activity sensitized by a free-base chlorin (TPCF16) and its complexes with Zn(II) (ZnTPCF16) and Pd(II) (PdTPCF16) was investigated in order to eliminate C. albicans under different forms of cell cultures. A decrease in cell survival of more than 5 log was found in planktonic cells incubated with 5 μM TPCF16 or ZnTPCF16 upon 15 min of white-light irradiation. The mechanism of action mainly involved a type II pathway in the inactivation of C. albicans cells. In addition, the photodynamic action induced by these chlorins was able to suppress the growth of C. albicans in a culture medium. These photosensitizers were also effective to photoinactivate C. albicans pseudohyphae suspended in PBS. Furthermore, the biofilms of C. albicans that incorporated the chlorins during the proliferation stage were completely eradicated using 5 μM TPCF16 or ZnTPCF16 after 60 min of light irradiation. The studies indicated that these chlorins are effective photosensitizing agents to eliminate C. albicans as planktonic cells, pseudohyphae, and biofilms.
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8
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Liška V, Kubát P, Křtěnová P, Mosinger J. Magnetically Separable Photoactive Nanofiber Membranes for Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:47986-47995. [PMID: 36591212 PMCID: PMC9798731 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We have prepared photoactive multifunctional nanofiber membranes via the simple electrospinning method. The antibacterial and photocatalytic properties of these materials are based on the generation of singlet oxygen formed by processes photosensitized by the tetraphenylporphyrin encapsulated in the nanofibers. The addition of magnetic features in the form of magnetic maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles stabilized by polyethylenimine enables additional functionalities, namely, the postirradiation formation of hydrogen peroxide and improved photothermal properties. This hybrid material allows for remote manipulation by a magnetic field, even in hazardous and/or highly microbial contaminant environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtěch Liška
- Faculty
of Science, Charles University, 2030 Hlavova, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kubát
- J.
Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy
of Sciences, v.v.i., Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Křtěnová
- Faculty
of Science, Charles University, 2030 Hlavova, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Mosinger
- Faculty
of Science, Charles University, 2030 Hlavova, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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9
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Bruno S, Margiotta M, Cozzolino M, Bianchini P, Diaspro A, Cavanna L, Tognolini M, Abbruzzetti S, Viappiani C. A photosensitizing fusion protein with targeting capabilities. Biomol Concepts 2022; 13:175-182. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The photodynamic treatment for antimicrobial applications or anticancer therapy relies on reactive oxygen species generated by photosensitizing molecules after absorption of visible or near-infrared light. If the photosensitizing molecule is in close vicinity of the microorganism or the malignant cell, a photocytotoxic action is exerted. Therefore, the effectiveness of photosensitizing compounds strongly depends on their capability to target microbial or cancer-specific proteins. In this study, we report on the preparation and preliminary characterization of human recombinant myoglobin fused to the vasoactive intestinal peptide to target vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor (VPAC) receptors. Fe-protoporphyrin IX was replaced by the photosensitizing compound Zn-protoporphyrin IX. Taking advantage of the fluorescence emission by Zn-protoporphyrin IX, we show that the construct can bind prostate cancer cells where the VPAC receptors are expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Marilena Margiotta
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Marco Cozzolino
- DIFILAB, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova , Genova , Italy
- Department of Nanophysics, Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genova , Italy
| | - Paolo Bianchini
- DIFILAB, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova , Genova , Italy
- Department of Nanophysics, Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genova , Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- DIFILAB, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova , Genova , Italy
- Department of Nanophysics, Nanoscopy, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Genova , Italy
| | - Luigi Cavanna
- Dipartimento di Oncologia-Ematologia, Azienda USL di Piacenza , Piacenza , Italy
| | - Massimiliano Tognolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma , Parma , Italy
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Thavornpradit S, Usama SM, Park GK, Dinh J, Choi HS, Burgess K. QuatCy-I 2 and MHI-I 2 in Photodynamic Therapy. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:470-474. [PMID: 35300076 PMCID: PMC8919274 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MHI-I2 (1) and QuatCy-I2 (2) were compared in terms of properties important for early-stage photodynamic therapy preclinical candidates. Thus, experiments were performed to monitor dark cytotoxicities, light/dark cytotoxicity ratios, selectivity of localization in tumors over other organs, and clearance from the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopida Thavornpradit
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - G Kate Park
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jason Dinh
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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11
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Likhonina AE, Mamardashvili GM, Mamardashvili NZ. Photoactive porphyrin-fluorescein arrays to control the acidity of medium. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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Delcanale P, Abbruzzetti S, Viappiani C. Photodynamic treatment of pathogens. LA RIVISTA DEL NUOVO CIMENTO 2022; 45:407-459. [PMCID: PMC8921710 DOI: 10.1007/s40766-022-00031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The current viral pandemic has highlighted the compelling need for effective and versatile treatments, that can be quickly tuned to tackle new threats, and are robust against mutations. Development of such treatments is made even more urgent in view of the decreasing effectiveness of current antibiotics, that makes microbial infections the next emerging global threat. Photodynamic effect is one such method. It relies on physical processes proceeding from excited states of particular organic molecules, called photosensitizers, generated upon absorption of visible or near infrared light. The excited states of these molecules, tailored to undergo efficient intersystem crossing, interact with molecular oxygen and generate short lived reactive oxygen species (ROS), mostly singlet oxygen. These species are highly cytotoxic through non-specific oxidation reactions and constitute the basis of the treatment. In spite of the apparent simplicity of the principle, the method still has to face important challenges. For instance, the short lifetime of ROS means that the photosensitizer must reach the target within a few tens nanometers, which requires proper molecular engineering at the nanoscale level. Photoactive nanostructures thus engineered should ideally comprise a functionality that turns the system into a theranostic means, for instance, through introduction of fluorophores suitable for nanoscopy. We discuss the principles of the method and the current molecular strategies that have been and still are being explored in antimicrobial and antiviral photodynamic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Delcanale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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13
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Aroso RT, Schaberle FA, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM. Photodynamic disinfection and its role in controlling infectious diseases. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:1497-1545. [PMID: 34705261 PMCID: PMC8548867 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is witnessing a revival of its origins as a response to the rise of multi-drug resistant infections and the shortage of new classes of antibiotics. Photodynamic disinfection (PDDI) of microorganisms is making progresses in preclinical models and in clinical cases, and the perception of its role in the clinical armamentarium for the management of infectious diseases is changing. We review the positioning of PDDI from the perspective of its ability to respond to clinical needs. Emphasis is placed on the pipeline of photosensitizers that proved effective to inactivate biofilms, showed efficacy in animal models of infectious diseases or reached clinical trials. Novel opportunities resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic are briefly discussed. The molecular features of promising photosensitizers are emphasized and contrasted with those of photosensitizers used in the treatment of solid tumors. The development of photosensitizers has been accompanied by the fabrication of a variety of affordable and customizable light sources. We critically discuss the combination between photosensitizer and light source properties that may leverage PDDI and expand its applications to wider markets. The success of PDDI in the management of infectious diseases will ultimately depend on the efficacy of photosensitizers, affordability of the light sources, simplicity of the procedures, and availability of fast and efficient treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael T Aroso
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio A Schaberle
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís G Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mariette M Pereira
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Amphiphilic tricationic Zn(II)phthalocyanine provides effective photodynamic action to eradicate broad-spectrum microorganisms. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:939-953. [PMID: 34255302 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel tricationic Zn(II)phthalocyanine derivative, (NCH3)3ZnPc3+, was synthesized by ring expansion reaction of boron(III) [2,9(10),16(17)-trinitrosubphthalocyaninato]chloride. First, the reaction of this subphthalocyanine with 2,3-naphthalenedicarbonitrile and Zn(CH3COO)2 catalyzed by 8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene was used to obtain the A3B-type nitrophthalocyanine. After reduction of nitro groups with Na2S and exhaustive methylation of amino groups, (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ was formed in good yields. In addition, the tetracationic analog (NCH3)4ZnPc4+ was synthesized to compare their properties. The absorption and fluorescence spectra showed the Q-bands and the red emission, respectively, which are characteristic of the Zn(II)phthalocyanine derivatives in N,N-dimethylformamide. Furthermore, photodynamic activity sensitized by these compounds was studied in the presence of different molecular probes to sense the formation of reactive oxygen species. (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ efficiently produced singlet molecular oxygen and also it sensitized the formation of superoxide anion radical in the presence of NADH, while the photodynamic activity of (NCH3)4ZnPc4+ was very poor, possibly due to the partial formation of aggregates. Furthermore, the decomposition of L-tryptophan induced by (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ was mainly mediated by a type II mechanism. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation sensitized by these phthalocyanines was evaluated in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, as representative microbial cells. In cell suspensions, (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ was rapidly bound to microbial cells, showing bioimages with red fluorescence emission. After 5 min of irradiation with visible light, (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ was able to completely eliminate S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans, using 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 μM phthalocyanine, respectively. In contrast, a low photoinactivation activity was found with (NCH3)4ZnPc4+ as a photosensitizer. Therefore, the amphiphilic tricationic phthalocyanine (NCH3)3ZnPc3+ is a promising photosensitizing structure for application as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial phototherapeutic agent.
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15
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Morozov P, Lukina M, Shirmanova M, Divochiy A, Dudenkova V, Gol'tsman GN, Becker W, Shcheslavskiy VI. Singlet oxygen phosphorescence imaging by superconducting single-photon detector and time-correlated single-photon counting. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:1217-1220. [PMID: 33720151 DOI: 10.1364/ol.415229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This Letter presents, to the best of our knowledge, a novel optical configuration for direct time-resolved measurements of luminescence from singlet oxygen, both in solutions and from cultured cells on photodynamic therapy. The system is based on the superconducting single-photon detector, coupled to the confocal scanner that is modified for the near-infrared measurements. The recording of a phosphorescence signal from singlet oxygen at 1270 nm has been done using time-correlated single-photon counting. The performance of the system is verified by measuring phosphorescence from singlet oxygen generated by the photosensitizers commonly used in photodynamic therapy: methylene blue and chlorin e6. The described system can be easily upgraded to the configuration when both phosphorescence from singlet oxygen and fluorescence from the cells can be detected in the imaging mode. Thus, co-localization of the signal from singlet oxygen with the areas inside the cells can be done.
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16
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Agazzi ML, Durantini JE, Quiroga ED, Alvarez MG, Durantini EN. A novel tricationic fullerene C 60 as broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizer: mechanisms of action and potentiation with potassium iodide. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:327-341. [PMID: 33721278 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel amphiphilic photosensitizing agent based on a tricationic fullerene C60 (DMC603+) was efficiently synthesized from its non-charged analogue MMC60. These fullerenes presented strong UV absorptions, with a broad range of less intense absorption up to 710 nm. Both compounds showed low fluorescence emission and were able to photosensitize the production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, photodecomposition of L-tryptophan sensitized by both fullerenes indicated an involvement of type II pathway. DMC603+ was an effective agent to produce the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Mechanistic insight indicated that the photodynamic action sensitized by DMC603+ was mainly mediated by both photoprocesses in bacteria, while a greater preponderance of the type II pathway was found in C. albicans. In presence of potassium iodide, a potentiation of PDI was observed due to the formation of reactive iodine species. Therefore, the amphiphilic DMC603+ can be used as an effective potential broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano L Agazzi
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier E Durantini
- IITEMA-CONICET Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel D Quiroga
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Gabriela Alvarez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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17
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Zhang Z, Fan J, Du J, Peng X. Two-channel responsive luminescent chemosensors for dioxygen species: Molecular oxygen, singlet oxygen and superoxide anion. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Reynoso E, Durantini AM, Solis CA, Macor LP, Otero LA, Gervaldo MA, Durantini EN, Heredia DA. Photoactive antimicrobial coating based on a PEDOT-fullerene C60 polymeric dyad. RSC Adv 2021; 11:23519-23532. [PMID: 35479802 PMCID: PMC9036534 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03417k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
A photostable and photodynamic antimicrobial surface was successfully obtained and applied to photoinactivate microorganisms. This approach was based on the synthesis of a fullerene C60 derivative (EDOT-C60) where fullerene C60 is covalently linked to 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) through a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. This dual-functional monomer bears an EDOT center connected via an alkyl chain to a fullerene C60 moiety. In this structure, EDOT acts as an electropolymerizable unit that allows the film formation over conducting substrates, while fullerene C60 performs the photodynamic antimicrobial activity. Electrochemical polymerization of EDOT was used to obtain stable and photodynamic polymeric films (PEDOT-C60) in a controllable procedure. Cyclic voltammetry and UV-visible spectroscopy studies showed that the fullerene C60 units were not altered during the electropolymerization process, obtaining surfaces with high fullerene content. Photobleaching measurements demonstrated that the electropolymerized films were highly photostable. Moreover, photodynamic properties of PEDOT-C60 were compared with fullerene C60 and showed that electrodeposited films were able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the two photomechanisms, producing singlet molecular oxygen (type II) and superoxide radical anion (type I). All studies demonstrated that fullerene C60 moieties covalently attached to the polymeric matrix mainly conserve the photodynamic characteristics. Hence, photodynamic action sensitized by PEDOT-C60 was assessed in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus. The photosensitized inactivation by the electropolymerized films on bacteria suspensions produced >99.9% reduction in S. aureus survival. Fluorescence microscopy experiments with S. aureus adhered to the PEDOT-C60 surface showed a complete microbe annihilation. Also, the eradication of biofilms formed on PEDOT-C60 surfaces resulted in a photokilling >99.9% after visible light irradiation. Our results demonstrated that these antimicrobial photodynamic polymeric films are a promising and versatile platform to photoinactivate microorganisms and to obtain photostable self-sterilizing surfaces. A photostable and photodynamic antimicrobial surface was developed. The antimicrobial activity of the material reached outstanding levels of inactivation under different conditions: planktonic suspensions, adhered cells to the surface, and biofilms.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Reynoso
- IDAS-CONICET
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- X5804BYA Río Cuarto
| | - Andrés M. Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- X5804BYA Río Cuarto
| | - Claudia A. Solis
- IITEMA-CONICET
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- X5804BYA Río Cuarto
| | - Lorena P. Macor
- IITEMA-CONICET
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- X5804BYA Río Cuarto
| | - Luis A. Otero
- IITEMA-CONICET
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- X5804BYA Río Cuarto
| | - Miguel A. Gervaldo
- IITEMA-CONICET
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- X5804BYA Río Cuarto
| | - Edgardo N. Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- X5804BYA Río Cuarto
| | - Daniel A. Heredia
- IDAS-CONICET
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- X5804BYA Río Cuarto
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19
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Dutta S, Rühle J, Schikora M, Deussner-Helfmann N, Heilemann M, Zatsepin T, Duchstein P, Zahn D, Knör G, Mokhir A. Red light-triggered photoreduction on a nucleic acid template. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10026-10029. [PMID: 32728684 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03086d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Conjugate Sn(iv)(pyropheophorbide a)dichloride-(peptide nucleic acid) catalyzes reduction of azobenzene derivatives in the presence of complementary nucleic acid (NA) upon irridiation with red light (660 nm). This is the first red light-induced NA-templated photoreduction. It is highly sensitive to single mismatches in the NA-template and can detect down to 5 nM NAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Dutta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry II, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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20
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Baigorria E, Milanesio ME, Durantini EN. Synthesis, spectroscopic properties and photodynamic activity of Zn(II) phthalocyanine-polymer conjugates as antimicrobial agents. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Murotomi K, Umeno A, Sugino S, Yoshida Y. Quantitative kinetics of intracellular singlet oxygen generation using a fluorescence probe. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10616. [PMID: 32606330 PMCID: PMC7327044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2) is a type of reactive oxygen species involved in numerous physiological activities. We previously reported that 1O2-specific oxidation products are increased in patients with prediabetes, suggesting that measurement of 1O2 may be an important indicator of physiological and pathological conditions. The turnover in the generation and quenching of 1O2 is extremely rapid during biological activities owing to it high reactivity and short lifetime in solution. However, the dynamic changes in 1O2 generation in living cells have not been fully explored. In this study, we investigated whether the kinetics of 1O2 generation can be quantified using a far-red fluorescent probe for mitochondrial 1O2, Si-DMA, following addition of the 1O2 generator, endoperoxide, to mammalian cells. The kinetics of Si-DMA fluorescence intensity dose-dependently increased following treatment of mammalian living cells with endoperoxide. Alternatively, treatment with 1O2 quenchers decreased the fluorescence intensities following endoperoxide treatment. Our results indicate that the kinetics of intracellular 1O2 can be readily obtained using Si-DMA and time-lapse imaging, which provides new insights into the mechanism of 1O2 generation in mammalian cells and the exploration of 1O2 generators and quenchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Murotomi
- Molecular Neurophysiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Aya Umeno
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0301, Japan
| | - Sakiko Sugino
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0301, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Yoshida
- LG Japan Lab Inc., Glass Cube Shinagawa 2F, 4-13-14, Higashi Shinagawa, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 140-0002, Japan
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22
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Vinagreiro CS, Zangirolami A, Schaberle FA, Nunes SCC, Blanco KC, Inada NM, da Silva GJ, Pais AACC, Bagnato VS, Arnaut LG, Pereira MM. Antibacterial Photodynamic Inactivation of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Biofilms with Nanomolar Photosensitizer Concentrations. ACS Infect Dis 2020; 6:1517-1526. [PMID: 31913598 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.9b00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria and bacteria in biofilms are very difficult to eradicate and are the most antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therapeutic alternatives less susceptible to mechanisms of resistance are urgently needed to respond to an alarming increase of resistant nosocomial infections. Antibacterial photodynamic inactivation (PDI) generates oxidative stress that triggers multiple cell death mechanisms that are more difficult to counteract by bacteria. We explore PDI of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains collected from patients and show how positive charge distribution in the photosensitizer drug impacts the efficacy of inactivation. We demonstrate the relevance of size for drug diffusion in biofilms. The designed meso-imidazolyl porphyrins of small size with positive charges surrounding the macrocycle enabled the inactivation of bacteria in biofilms by 6.9 log units at 5 nM photosensitizer concentration and 5 J cm-2, which offers new opportunities to treat biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Zangirolami
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Kate C. Blanco
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia M. Inada
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Jorge da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Vanderlei S. Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, 13566-590 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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23
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Quiroga ED, Cordero P, Mora SJ, Alvarez MG, Durantini EN. Mechanistic aspects in the photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans sensitized by a dimethylaminopropoxy porphyrin and its equivalent with cationic intrinsic charges. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101877. [PMID: 32534247 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Photocytotoxic effect induced by 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(3-N,N-dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl]porphyrin (TAPP) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(3-N,N,N-trimethylaminepropoxy)phenyl]porphyrin (TAPP+4) was examined in Candida albicans to obtain information on the mechanism of photodynamic action and cell damage. For this purpose, the photokilling of the yeast was investigated under anoxic conditions and cell suspensions in D2O. Moreover, photoinactivation of C. albicans was evaluated in presence of reactive oxygen species scavengers, such as sodium azide and d-mannitol. The results indicated that singlet molecular oxygen was the main reactive species involved in cell damage. On the other hand, the binding and distribution of these porphyrins in the cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Morphological damage was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), indicating modifications in the cell envelopment. Furthermore, deformed cells were observed after photoinactivation of C. albicans by toluidine blue staining. In addition, modifications in the cell envelope due to the photodynamic activity was found by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Similar photodamage was observed with both porphyrin, which mainly produced alterations in the cell barriers that lead to the photoinactivation of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel D Quiroga
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paula Cordero
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - S Jimena Mora
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Gabriela Alvarez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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24
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Scholz M, Gunn JR, Luke GP, Pogue BW. Imaging of singlet oxygen feedback delayed fluorescence and lysosome permeabilization in tumor in vivo during photodynamic therapy with aluminum phthalocyanine. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:1-14. [PMID: 31920049 PMCID: PMC6951482 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.6.063806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Singlet oxygen is a key cytotoxic agent in photodynamic therapy (PDT). As such, its imaging is highly desirable, but existing direct imaging methods are still limited by the exceptionally low yield of the luminescence signal. Singlet oxygen feedback delayed fluorescence (SOFDF) of the photosensitizer is a higher yield alternative for indirect measurement of this signal. <p> Aim: The aim was to explore feasibility of SOFDF imaging in vivo in tumor-bearing mice during PDT and investigate how SOFDF images can be transformed into images of singlet oxygen. In addition, we study whether lysosome permeabilization can be visualized through fluorescence lifetime.</p> <p> Approach: Mice were intravenously injected with 2.5 mg/kg of photosensitizer aluminum(III) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4) 20 h prior to experiments, having subcutaneous BxPC3 pancreas tumors. Time-resolved delayed fluorescence and prompt fluorescence (PF) were imaged using an intensified time-gated camera with 10-Hz pulsed laser excitation at 690 nm. </p> <p> Results: Delayed emission from AlPcS4 was detected with lifetimes 7 to 11 μs, which was attributed to SOFDF and shown to be oxygen-dependent. Singlet oxygen images were approximated by the ratio of SOFDF/PF at each pixel. SOFDF images of a good quality could be captured within several seconds with a radiant exposure of ∼20 mJ / cm2. In addition, lifetime images of AlPcS4 PF in ns-time domain enabled us to visualize the event of lysosome permeabilization, as the lifetime increased from ∼4.7 to 5.2 ns. </p> <p> Conclusions: Imaging of SOFDF in vivo in mouse tumor during PDT with AlPcS4 is feasible, and it is a promising method for singlet molecular oxygen monitoring. Moreover, the time-gated approach also enables visualization of the lysosome permeabilization that alters the PF lifetime. </p>
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Scholz
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Center for Imaging Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Address all correspondence to Marek Scholz, E-mail: ; Brian W. Pogue, E-mail:
| | - Jason R. Gunn
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Center for Imaging Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Geoffrey P. Luke
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Center for Imaging Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
| | - Brian W. Pogue
- Dartmouth College, Thayer School of Engineering, Center for Imaging Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States
- Address all correspondence to Marek Scholz, E-mail: ; Brian W. Pogue, E-mail:
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25
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Westberg M, Etzerodt M, Ogilby PR. Rational design of genetically encoded singlet oxygen photosensitizing proteins. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 57:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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26
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Pospíšil P, Prasad A, Rác M. Mechanism of the Formation of Electronically Excited Species by Oxidative Metabolic Processes: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E258. [PMID: 31284470 PMCID: PMC6681336 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that biological systems, such as microorganisms, plants, and animals, including human beings, form spontaneous electronically excited species through oxidative metabolic processes. Though the mechanism responsible for the formation of electronically excited species is still not clearly understood, several lines of evidence suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the formation of electronically excited species. This review attempts to describe the role of ROS in the formation of electronically excited species during oxidative metabolic processes. Briefly, the oxidation of biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids by ROS initiates a cascade of reactions that leads to the formation of triplet excited carbonyls formed by the decomposition of cyclic (1,2-dioxetane) and linear (tetroxide) high-energy intermediates. When chromophores are in proximity to triplet excited carbonyls, the triplet-singlet and triplet-triplet energy transfers from triplet excited carbonyls to chromophores result in the formation of singlet and triplet excited chromophores, respectively. Alternatively, when molecular oxygen is present, the triplet-singlet energy transfer from triplet excited carbonyls to molecular oxygen initiates the formation of singlet oxygen. Understanding the mechanism of the formation of electronically excited species allows us to use electronically excited species as a marker for oxidative metabolic processes in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Rác
- Department of Biophysics, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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27
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Emissive Enhancement of the Singlet Oxygen Chemiluminescence Probe after Binding to Bovine Serum Albumin. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132422. [PMID: 31266247 PMCID: PMC6651777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemiluminescence probe for singlet oxygen 1O2 (SOCL) was investigated in phosphate buffer saline (PBS), either in the absence of proteins or containing bovine serum albumin (BSA). In the protein-free PBS, the reactivity of SOCL for methylene blue (MB)-photosensitized 1O2 was found to be moderate or low. The reaction yield increased with temperature and/or concentration of dissolved molecular oxygen. Unexpectedly, the presence of BSA boosted both the emissive nature and the thermal stability of the phenoxy-dioxetane intermediate formed in the chemiexcitation pathway. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that SOCL has a moderate binding affinity for BSA and that entropy forces drive the formation of the SOCL-BSA complex. A model with two identical and independent binding sites was used to fit the binding isotherm data. Co-operative binding was observed when MB was present. Local viscosity factors and/or conformational restrictions of the BSA-bound SOCL phenoxy-dioxetane were proposed to contribute to the formation of the highly emissive benzoate ester during the chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL) process. These results led us to conclude that hydrophobic interactions of the SOCL with proteins can modify the emissive nature of its phenoxy-dioxetane, which should be taken into account when using SOCL or its cell-penetrating peptide derivative in living cells.
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Zozulia O, Bachmann T, Mokhir A. Red Light Triggered Fluorogenic Reaction with Picomolar Sensitivity Toward Nucleic Acids. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2023-2031. [PMID: 31195795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported on a red light triggered, singlet oxygen-mediated fluorogenic reaction that is templated in a highly sequence specific fashion by nucleic acids (S. Dutta, A. Fulop, A. Mokhir, Bioconjgate Chem. 2013, 24 (9), 1533-1542). Up to the present date, it has remained a single templated reaction responsive to nontoxic >650 nm light. However, it is operative only in the presence of relatively high (>2 nM) concentrations of templates that dramatically limit its applicability in nucleic acid detection. In the current work, we established that an inefficient intermolecular electron transfer involved in reduction of the 1,4-endoperoxide intermediate, formed in the rate-limiting reaction step, is responsible for inhibition of the reaction at low reagent concentrations. We suggested the solution of the problem which includes a combination of a cleavable (9-alkoxyanthracene) moiety with a two-electron donating fragment in one molecule. This approach enables the efficient intramolecular electron transfer to the endoperoxide intermediate in the critical reaction step. Due to the intramolecular character of the latter process, it is practically independent of concentration of the reagents. The reaction based on the improved cleavable moiety was found to be >200-fold more sensitive than the previously reported one. It is fast, sequence specific, and compatible with live cells. Accounting for short reactions times (<30 min), nontoxic trigger (red light), excellent sensitivity, and sequence specificity, this is presently the best reported photochemical templated reaction compatible with live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii Zozulia
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Tobias Bachmann
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Andriy Mokhir
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) , Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Organic Chemistry Chair II , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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Scanone AC, Gsponer NS, Alvarez MG, Durantini EN. Porphyrins containing basic aliphatic amino groups as potential broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 24:220-227. [PMID: 30278279 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
New porphyrin derivatives bearing basic aliphatic amino groups were synthesized from the condensation of meso-4-[(3-N,N-dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl]dipyrromethane, pentafluorobenzaldehyde and 4-(3-N,N-dimethylaminopropoxy)benzaldehyde. The reaction was catalyzed by trifluoroacetic acid in acetonitrile. This approach was used to obtain porphyrins with different patterns of substitution, of which three of them were isolated: 5,15-di(4-pentafluorophenyl)-10,20-di[4-(3-N,N-dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl]porphyrin (F10APP), 5-(4-pentafluorophenyl)-10,15,20-tris[4-(3-N,N-dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl]porphyrin (F5APP) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(3-N,N-dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl]porphyrin (TAPP). The UV-vis spectroscopic characterizations and the photodynamic effect of these compounds were compared in N,N-dimethylformamide. These porphyrins showed red fluorescence emission with quantum yields of 0.09-0.15. Moreover, they sensitized the production of singlet molecular oxygen, reaching quantum yields values of 0.33-0.53. Photodynamic inactivation was studied in two bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and a yeast Candida albicans. High amount of cell-bound porphyrin was obtained at short times (<2 min) of incubation. After 15 min irradiation, a 7 log reduction of S. aureus was found for cells treated with 1 μM F5APP. Similar photokilling was obtained in E. coli, but using 7.5 μM F5APP and 30 min irradiation. Under these conditions, a decrease of 5 log was observed in C. albicans cells. An increase in cell survival was observed by addition of sodium azide, whereas a slight protective effect was found in the presence of D-mannitol. Moreover, the photoinactivation mediated by these porphyrins was higher in D2O than in water. Thus, these porphyrins induced the photodynamic activity mainly through the intermediacy of O2(1Δg). In particular, F5APP was a highly effective photosensitizer with application as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial. This porphyrin contains three basic aliphatic amino groups that may be protonated at physiological pH. In addition, it is substituted by a lipophilic pentafluorophenyl group, which confers an amphiphilic character to the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle. This effect can increase the interaction with the cell envelopment, improving the photocytotoxic activity against the microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Scanone
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia S Gsponer
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Gabriela Alvarez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Usama SM, Thavornpradit S, Burgess K. Optimized Heptamethine Cyanines for Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2018; 1:1195-1205. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Usama
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Sopida Thavornpradit
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, PO Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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31
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Baigorria E, Reynoso E, Alvarez MG, Milanesio ME, Durantini EN. Silica nanoparticles embedded with water insoluble phthalocyanines for the photoinactivation of microorganisms. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 23:261-269. [PMID: 29964223 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) embedded with Zn(II) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(methoxy)phthalocyanine (SiNPZnPcOCH3), Zn(II) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(4-pyridyloxy) phthalocyanine (SiNPZnPcOPy) and Zn(II) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis(t-butyl) phthalocyanine (SiNPZnPctBu) were synthesized in the nonpolar core of AOT/1-butanol/water micelles using triethoxyvinylsilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. These SiNPs-Pc presented an average diameter of about 20-25 nm. UV-vis absorption spectra presented the characteristic Soret and Q bands of phthalocyanines embedded into the nanoparticles. Moreover, red fluorescence emission of SiNPs bearing phthalocyanines was detected in water. The SiNPs-Pc produced the photodecomposition of 2,2'-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)bis(methylmalonic acid), which was used to sense the singlet molecular oxygen O2(1Δg) generation in aqueous medium. Also, the formation of superoxide anion radical was detected by nitro blue tetrazolium reduction in the presence of NADH. Photoinactivation of microorganisms was investigated in Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. In vitro experiments showed that photosensitized inactivation induced by SiNPZnPcOCH3 and SiNPZnPctBu improved with an increase of irradiation times. After 30 min irradiation, over 7 log reduction was found for S. aureus. Also, these SiNPs-Pc produced a decrease of 2.5 log in C. albicans after 60 min irradiation. In both cases, a lower photoinactivation activity was found for SiNPZnPcOPy. Studies of photodynamic action mechanism showed that the photokilling of microbial cells was protected in the presence of sodium azide and diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane. Also, a reduction on the cell photodamage was found with the addition of D-mannitol. Therefore, the photodynamic activity sensitized by SiNPZnPcOCH3 and SiNPZnPctBu in microbial cells was mediated by a contribution of both type I and type II photooxidative mechanisms. Thus, silica nanoparticles are interesting materials to vehicle ZnPcOCH3 and ZnPctBu in aqueous media to photoeradicate microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Baigorria
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Reynoso
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Gabriela Alvarez
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Elisa Milanesio
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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32
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Scholz M, Dědic R, Hála J. Microscopic time-resolved imaging of singlet oxygen by delayed fluorescence in living cells. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:1643-1653. [PMID: 28936518 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00132k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen is a highly reactive species which is involved in a number of processes, including photodynamic therapy of cancer. Its very weak near-infrared emission makes imaging of singlet oxygen in biological systems a long-term challenge. We address this challenge by introducing Singlet Oxygen Feedback Delayed Fluorescence (SOFDF) as a novel modality for semi-direct microscopic time-resolved wide-field imaging of singlet oxygen in biological systems. SOFDF has been investigated in individual fibroblast cells incubated with a well-known photosensitizer aluminium phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate. The SOFDF emission from the cells is several orders of magnitude stronger and much more readily detectable than the very weak near-infrared phosphorescence of singlet oxygen. Moreover, the analysis of SOFDF kinetics enables us to estimate the lifetimes of the involved excited states. Real-time SOFDF images with micrometer spatial resolution and submicrosecond temporal-resolution have been recorded. Interestingly, a steep decrease in the SOFDF intensity after the photodynamically induced release of a photosensitizer from lysosomes has been demonstrated. This effect could be potentially employed as a valuable diagnostic tool for monitoring and dosimetry in photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Scholz
- Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Ke Karlovu 3, 121 16, Prague, The Czech Republic.
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33
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Hovan A, Datta S, Kruglik SG, Jancura D, Miskovsky P, Bánó G. Phosphorescence Kinetics of Singlet Oxygen Produced by Photosensitization in Spherical Nanoparticles. Part I. Theory. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:5147-5153. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b00658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergei G. Kruglik
- Laboratoire Jean Perrin, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 6, CNRS UMR 8237, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
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34
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A fluorescent nanoprobe for real-time monitoring of intracellular singlet oxygen during photodynamic therapy. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:269. [PMID: 29700623 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2815-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sensing of intracellular singlet oxygen (1O2) is required in order to optimize photodynamic therapy (PDT). An optical nanoprobe is reported here for the optical determination of intracellular 1O2. The probe consists of a porous particle core doped with the commercial 1O2 probe 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF) and a layer of poly-L-lysine. The nanoparticle probes have a particle size of ~80 nm in diameter, exhibit good biocompatibility, improved photostability and high sensitivity for 1O2 in both absorbance (peak at 420 nm) and fluorescence (with excitation/emission peaks at 405/458 nm). Nanoprobes doped with 20% of DPBF are best suited even though they suffer from concentration quenching of fluorescence. In comparison with the commercial fluorescent 1O2 probe SOSG, 20%-doped DPBF-NPs (aged) shows higher sensitivity for 1O2 generated at an early stage. The best nanoprobes were used to real-time monitor the PDT-triggered generation of 1O2 inside live cells, and the generation rate is found to depend on the supply of intracellular oxygen. Graphical abstract A fluorescent nanoprobe featured with refined selectivity and improved sensitivity towards 1O2 was prepared from the absorption-based probe DBPF and used to real-time monitoring of the generation of intracellular 1O2 produced during PDT.
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35
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Banerjee C, Breitenbach T, Ogilby PR. Spatially Resolved Experiments to Monitor the Singlet Oxygen Initiated Oxidation of Lipid Droplets in Emulsions. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry; Aarhus University; DK-8000 Aarhus Denmark
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36
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Sato S, Tsushima M, Nakamura H. Target-protein-selective inactivation and labelling using an oxidative catalyst. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:6168-6179. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01484a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and radical species generated by oxidative single-electron transfer (SET) catalysts induce local environmental oxidative reactions, resulting in protein inactivation and labelling in proximity to the catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Sato
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Michihiko Tsushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
- Institute of Innovative Research
- Tokyo Institute of Technology
- Yokohama
- Japan
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37
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Blázquez-Castro A, Breitenbach T, Ogilby PR. Cell cycle modulation through subcellular spatially resolved production of singlet oxygenviadirect 765 nm irradiation: manipulating the onset of mitosis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1310-1318. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00338f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Subcellular spatially resolved (cytoplasmversusnucleus) production of singlet oxygen allows modulation of mitosis in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Blázquez-Castro
- Department of Physics of Materials
- Faculty of Sciences
- Autonomous University of Madrid
- Madrid 28049
- Spain
| | | | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus 8000-C
- Denmark
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38
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Edge R, Truscott TG. Singlet Oxygen and Free Radical Reactions of Retinoids and Carotenoids-A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7010005. [PMID: 29301252 PMCID: PMC5789315 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on studies of reactions of singlet oxygen with carotenoids and retinoids and a range of free radical studies on carotenoids and retinoids with emphasis on recent work, dietary carotenoids and the role of oxygen in biological processes. Many previous reviews are cited and updated together with new data not previously reviewed. The review does not deal with computational studies but the emphasis is on laboratory-based results. We contrast the ease of study of both singlet oxygen and polyene radical cations compared to neutral radicals. Of particular interest is the switch from anti- to pro-oxidant behavior of a carotenoid with change of oxygen concentration: results for lycopene in a cellular model system show total protection of the human cells studied at zero oxygen concentration, but zero protection at 100% oxygen concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Edge
- Dalton Cumbrian Facility, The University of Manchester, Westlakes Science and Technology Park, Moor Row, Cumbria CA24 3HA, UK.
| | - T George Truscott
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Lennard-Jones Building, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK.
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39
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Ballatore MB, Spesia MB, Milanesio ME, Durantini EN. Mechanistic insight into the photodynamic effect mediated by porphyrin-fullerene C60 dyads in solution and in Staphylococcus aureus cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:22876-22886. [PMID: 35540123 PMCID: PMC9081455 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04562c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The photodynamic action mechanism sensitized by a non-charged porphyrin-fullerene C60 dyad and its tetracationic analogue was investigated in solution and in Staphylococcus aureus cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Belén Ballatore
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- Córdoba
| | - Mariana B. Spesia
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- Córdoba
| | - M. Elisa Milanesio
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- Córdoba
| | - Edgardo N. Durantini
- Departamento de Química
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Físico-Químicas y Naturales
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto
- Córdoba
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40
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Banerjee C, Westberg M, Breitenbach T, Bregnhøj M, Ogilby PR. Monitoring Interfacial Lipid Oxidation in Oil-in-Water Emulsions Using Spatially Resolved Optical Techniques. Anal Chem 2017; 89:6239-6247. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Westberg
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Mikkel Bregnhøj
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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41
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Dąbrowski JM. Reactive Oxygen Species in Photodynamic Therapy: Mechanisms of Their Generation and Potentiation. ADVANCES IN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adioch.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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42
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Vinklárek IS, Scholz M, Dědic R, Hála J. Singlet oxygen feedback delayed fluorescence of protoporphyrin IX in organic solutions. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:507-518. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00298f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The PpIX DF show the significant role of SOFDF mechanism at high concentrations and at atmospheric partial pressure of oxygen and should be considered when developing diagnostic tools for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo S. Vinklárek
- Charles University
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics
- Prague
- The Czech Republic
| | - Marek Scholz
- Charles University
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics
- Prague
- The Czech Republic
| | - Roman Dědic
- Charles University
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics
- Prague
- The Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hála
- Charles University
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics
- Prague
- The Czech Republic
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43
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Westberg M, Bregnhøj M, Banerjee C, Blázquez-Castro A, Breitenbach T, Ogilby PR. Exerting better control and specificity with singlet oxygen experiments in live mammalian cells. Methods 2016; 109:81-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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44
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Gsponer NS, Agazzi ML, Spesia MB, Durantini EN. Approaches to unravel pathways of reactive oxygen species in the photoinactivation of bacteria induced by a dicationic fulleropyrrolidinium derivative. Methods 2016; 109:167-174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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45
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Dąbrowski JM, Pucelik B, Regiel-Futyra A, Brindell M, Mazuryk O, Kyzioł A, Stochel G, Macyk W, Arnaut LG. Engineering of relevant photodynamic processes through structural modifications of metallotetrapyrrolic photosensitizers. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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46
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Westberg M, Bregnhøj M, Blázquez-Castro A, Breitenbach T, Etzerodt M, Ogilby PR. Control of singlet oxygen production in experiments performed on single mammalian cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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47
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Soares HT, Campos JRS, Gomes-da-Silva LC, Schaberle FA, Dabrowski JM, Arnaut LG. Pro-oxidant and Antioxidant Effects in Photodynamic Therapy: Cells Recognise that Not All Exogenous ROS Are Alike. Chembiochem 2016; 17:836-42. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helder T. Soares
- Chemistry Department; Universidade de Coimbra; Rua Larga 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Joana R. S. Campos
- Chemistry Department; Universidade de Coimbra; Rua Larga 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | | | | | - Janusz M. Dabrowski
- Faculty of Chemistry; Jagiellonian University; Ingardena 3 30-060 Kraków Poland
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- Chemistry Department; Universidade de Coimbra; Rua Larga 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
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da Silva EFF, Pimenta FM, Pedersen BW, Blaikie FH, Bosio GN, Breitenbach T, Westberg M, Bregnhøj M, Etzerodt M, Arnaut LG, Ogilby PR. Intracellular singlet oxygen photosensitizers: on the road to solving the problems of sensitizer degradation, bleaching and relocalization. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:177-93. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00295h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa F. F. da Silva
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Frederico M. Pimenta
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Brian W. Pedersen
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Frances H. Blaikie
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Gabriela N. Bosio
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CCT-La Plata-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Casilla de Correo 16, sucursal 4 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Thomas Breitenbach
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Michael Westberg
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bregnhøj
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
| | - Michael Etzerodt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Luis G. Arnaut
- Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Peter R. Ogilby
- Center for Oxygen Microscopy and Imaging, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Århus, Denmark
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Bacellar IOL, Tsubone TM, Pavani C, Baptista MS. Photodynamic Efficiency: From Molecular Photochemistry to Cell Death. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20523-59. [PMID: 26334268 PMCID: PMC4613217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinical modality used to treat cancer and infectious diseases. The main agent is the photosensitizer (PS), which is excited by light and converted to a triplet excited state. This latter species leads to the formation of singlet oxygen and radicals that oxidize biomolecules. The main motivation for this review is to suggest alternatives for achieving high-efficiency PDT protocols, by taking advantage of knowledge on the chemical and biological processes taking place during and after photosensitization. We defend that in order to obtain specific mechanisms of cell death and maximize PDT efficiency, PSes should oxidize specific molecular targets. We consider the role of subcellular localization, how PS photochemistry and photophysics can change according to its nanoenvironment, and how can all these trigger specific cell death mechanisms. We propose that in order to develop PSes that will cause a breakthrough enhancement in the efficiency of PDT, researchers should first consider tissue and intracellular localization, instead of trying to maximize singlet oxygen quantum yields in in vitro tests. In addition to this, we also indicate many open questions and challenges remaining in this field, hoping to encourage future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel O L Bacellar
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Tayana M Tsubone
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
| | - Christiane Pavani
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Biofotônica Aplicada às Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo 01504-001, Brazil.
| | - Mauricio S Baptista
- Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
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Mehraban N, Freeman HS. Developments in PDT Sensitizers for Increased Selectivity and Singlet Oxygen Production. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2015; 8:4421-4456. [PMID: 28793448 PMCID: PMC5455656 DOI: 10.3390/ma8074421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally-invasive procedure that has been clinically approved for treating certain types of cancers. This procedure takes advantage of the cytotoxic activity of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by visible and NIR light irradiation of dye sensitizers following their accumulation in malignant cells. The main two concerns associated with certain clinically-used PDT sensitizers that have been influencing research in this arena are low selectivity toward malignant cells and low levels of ¹O₂ production in aqueous media. Solving the selectivity issue would compensate for photosensitizer concerns such as dark toxicity and aggregation in aqueous media. One main approach to enhancing dye selectivity involves taking advantage of key methods used in pharmaceutical drug delivery. This approach lies at the heart of the recent developments in PDT research and is a point of emphasis in the present review. Of particular interest has been the development of polymeric micelles as nanoparticles for delivering hydrophobic (lipophilic) and amphiphilic photosensitizers to the target cells. This review also covers methods employed to increase ¹O₂ production efficiency, including the design of two-photon absorbing sensitizers and triplet forming cyclometalated Ir(III) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Mehraban
- Fiber & Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8301, USA
| | - Harold S Freeman
- Fiber & Polymer Science Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8301, USA.
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