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Hu T, Zhang J, Xia J, Li X, Tao P, Deng T. A Review on Recent Progress in Preparation of Medium-Temperature Solar-Thermal Nanofluids with Stable Dispersion. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1399. [PMID: 37110985 PMCID: PMC10141638 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Direct absorption of sunlight and conversion into heat by uniformly dispersed photothermal nanofluids has emerged as a facile way to efficiently harness abundant renewable solar-thermal energy for a variety of heating-related applications. As the key component of the direct absorption solar collectors, solar-thermal nanofluids, however, generally suffer from poor dispersion and tend to aggregate, and the aggregation and precipitation tendency becomes even stronger at elevated temperatures. In this review, we overview recent research efforts and progresses in preparing solar-thermal nanofluids that can be stably and homogeneously dispersed under medium temperatures. We provide detailed description on the dispersion challenges and the governing dispersion mechanisms, and introduce representative dispersion strategies that are applicable to ethylene glycol, oil, ionic liquid, and molten salt-based medium-temperature solar-thermal nanofluids. The applicability and advantages of four categories of stabilization strategies including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic stabilization, steric stabilization, and self-dispersion stabilization in improving the dispersion stability of different type of thermal storage fluids are discussed. Among them, recently emerged self-dispersible nanofluids hold the potential for practical medium-temperature direct absorption solar-thermal energy harvesting. In the end, the exciting research opportunities, on-going research need and possible future research directions are also discussed. It is anticipated that the overview of recent progress in improving dispersion stability of medium-temperature solar-thermal nanofluids can not only stimulate exploration of direct absorption solar-thermal energy harvesting applications, but also provide a promising means to solve the fundamental limiting issue for general nanofluid technologies.
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Xu P, Wang R, Ding T, Tang W, Zhang C. Experimental and Kinetic Studies of Ethylene Glycol Autoignition at High Temperatures. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:9044-9052. [PMID: 35309425 PMCID: PMC8928564 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
As one of the simplest polyols with chemical properties of alcohol, ethylene glycol is considered as a renewable energy source and a model fuel for pyrolysis oil. In this work, autoignition characteristics of ethylene glycol have been investigated behind reflected shock waves. Experiments were conducted at pressures of 2, 5, and 10 atm, equivalence ratios of 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0, and temperatures ranging from approximately 1200 to 1600 K. The fuel concentration was also varied. Results show that the ignition delay time increases with decreasing the pressure or fuel concentration. A strong positive dependence upon the equivalence ratio was found. A quantitative relationship has been yielded by the regression analysis of the experimental data. Simulations were carried out using chemical kinetic mechanisms available in the literature to assess the reliability of mechanism. Reaction pathway and sensitivity analysis confirmed the importance of H-abstraction reactions in ethylene glycol oxidation process. Finally, a comparison between ethylene glycol and ethanol ignition was conducted. Ethylene glycol ignites faster than ethanol because of the early accumulation of H and OH radicals in the oxidation of ethylene glycol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan
University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan
University, Chengdu 610065, China
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan
University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Weixin Tang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan
University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan
University, Chengdu 610065, China
- Engineering
Research Center of Combustion and Cooling for Aerospace Power, Ministry
of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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3
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Wang H, Guan J, Gao J, Li Y, Zhang J, Shan X, Wang Z. Discriminating between the dissociative photoionization and thermal decomposition products of ethylene glycol by synchrotron VUV photoionization mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:26915-26925. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03769f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Landscape of dissociative photoionization and thermal decompositions of ethylene glycol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jiwen Guan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Gao
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Yanbo Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Shan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Zhandong Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
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Al Omari RH, Almatarneh MH, Alnajajrah AY, Al-Sheraideh MS, Al Abbad SS, Alsunaidi ZHA. Thermal Degradation and Bimolecular Decomposition of 2-Ethoxyethanol in Binary Ethanol and Isobutanol Solvent Mixtures: A Computational Mechanistic Study. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13365-13374. [PMID: 34056483 PMCID: PMC8158800 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A thorough computational study of a thermal degradation mechanism of 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EE) in the gas phase has been implemented using G3MP2 and G3B3 methods. The stationary point geometries were optimized at the B3LYP functional utilizing the 6-31G(d) basis set. Intrinsic reaction coordinate analysis was performed to determine the transition states on the potential energy surfaces. Nineteen primary different reaction mechanisms, along with the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, are demonstrated. Most of the thermal degradation mechanisms result in a concerted transition state step as an endothermic process. Among 11 degradation pathways of 2-ethoxyethanol, the formation of ethylene glycol and ethylene is kinetically significant with an activation energy of 269 kJ mol-1 at the G3B3 method. However, the kinetic and thermodynamic calculations indicate that ethanol and ethanal's formation is the most plausible reaction with an activation barrier of 287 kJ mol-1 at the G3B3 method. For the bimolecular dissociation reaction of 2-ethoxyethanol with ethanol, the pathway that produces ether, H2, and ethanol is more likely to occur with a lower activation energy of 221 kJ mol-1 at the G3B3 method. Thus, 2-EE has experienced a set of complex unimolecular and bimolecular reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima H. Al Omari
- Pharmacological
and Diagnostic Research Centre (PDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Mansour H. Almatarneh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department
of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X7, Canada
| | | | - Mohammed S. Al-Sheraideh
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman
Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanaa S. Al Abbad
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman
Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab H. A. Alsunaidi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman
Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Abdel-Rahman MA, Al-Hashimi N, Shibl MF, Yoshizawa K, El-Nahas AM. Thermochemistry and Kinetics of the Thermal Degradation of 2-Methoxyethanol as Possible Biofuel Additives. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4535. [PMID: 30872682 PMCID: PMC6418115 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40890-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygenated organic compounds derived from biomass (biofuel) are a promising alternative renewable energy resource. Alcohols are widely used as biofuels, but studies on bifunctional alcohols are still limited. This work investigates the unimolecular thermal degradation of 2-methoxyethanol (2ME) using DFT/BMK and ab initio (CBS-QB3 and G3) methods. Enthalpies of the formation of 2ME and its decomposition species have been calculated. Conventional transition state theory has been used to estimate the rate constant of the pyrolysis of 2ME over a temperature range of 298–2000 K. Production of methoxyethene via 1,3-H atom transfer represents the most kinetically favored path in the course of 2ME pyrolysis at room temperature and requires less energy than the weakest Cα − Cβ simple bond fission. Thermodynamically, the most preferred channel is methane and glycoladhyde formation. A ninefold frequency factor gives a superiority of the Cα − Cβ bond breaking over the Cγ − Oβ bond fission despite comparable activation energies of these two processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nessreen Al-Hashimi
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohamed F Shibl
- Department of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ahmed M El-Nahas
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt. .,Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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Li Q, Yao L, Lin SH. Calculation of anharmonic effect on the dissociation of ethylene glycol. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL & COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1142/s0219633617500778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The unimolecular dissociation rate constants of ethylene glycol were examined using the MP2/6-311[Formula: see text]G(d,p) method based on the Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM) theory. The effect of anharmonicity on the dissociation rate constants was evaluated at 500–4000[Formula: see text]K temperatures of the canonical system and 25,182–50,235[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] total energies of the microcanonical system. The comparison of the results showed that the H2O elimination reaction played a critical role in the decomposition processes of ethylene glycol. The results of the rate constant calculations indicated that the H2O elimination reaction dominated at low temperatures, whereas the direct C–C bond dissociation reaction (CH2OHCH2OH [Formula: see text] CH2OH[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]CH2OH) dominated at high temperatures. For channel 1, CH2OH[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]CH2OH, the anharmonic effect of the canonical system was not observed, while it became more obvious with the increasing total energies in the microcanonical system. For channels 2–5, CH3CHO[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]H2O, CH2CHOH[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]H2O, CH3OH[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]CHOH, and CH2OHCHO[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]H2, the anharmonic effect of canonical and microcanonical systems became more obvious with increasing temperatures and total energies. The comparison showed that, for channels 1 and 4, C–C bond dissociation and the anharmonic effect of the microcanonical system were more evident, whereas the anharmonic effect of the canonical system was more predominant for channels 2 (CH3CHO[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]H2O), 3 (CH2CHOH[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]H2O), and 5 (CH2OHCHO[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]H2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, P. R. China
| | - Li Yao
- School of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, P. R. China
| | - S. H. Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsin-Chu 10764, Taiwan
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Effect of major degradation products of ethylene glycol aqueous solutions on steel corrosion. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.03.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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8
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Guan J, Song Y. Pressure Selected Reactivity and Kinetics Deduced from Photoinduced Dissociation of Ethylene Glycol. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:3535-45. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511211u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Guan
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Yang Song
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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Zhao L, Ye L, Zhang F, Zhang L. Thermal Decomposition of 1-Pentanol and Its Isomers: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:9238-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305885s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Lili Ye
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui 230029, P. R. China
| | - Lidong Zhang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei,
Anhui 230029, P. R. China
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