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Alavi S, Moudrakovski IL, Ratcliffe CI, Ripmeester JA. Unusual species of methane hydrate detected in nanoporous media using solid state 13C NMR. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:214709. [PMID: 38832748 DOI: 10.1063/5.0204109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Methane is considered to be a cubic structure I (CS-I) clathrate hydrate former, although in a number of instances, small amounts of structure II (CS-II) clathrate hydrate have been transiently observed as well. In this work, solid-state magic angle spinning 13C NMR spectra of methane hydrate formed at low temperatures inside silica-based nanoporous materials with pores in the range of 3.8-20.0 nm (CPG-20, Vycor, and MCM-41) show methane in several different environments. In addition to methane encapsulated in the dodecahedral 512 (D) and tetrakaidecahedral 51262 (T) cages typical of the CS-I clathrate hydrate phase, methane guests in pentakaidecahedral 51263 (P) and hexakaidecahedral 51264 (H) cages are also identified, and these appear to be stabilized for extended periods of time. The ratio of methane guests among the D and T cages determined from the line intensities is significantly different from that of bulk CS-I samples and indicates that both CS-I and CS-II are present as the dominant species. This is the first observation of methane in P cages, and the possible structures in which they could be present are discussed. Broad and relatively strong methane peaks, which are also observed in the spectra, can be related to methane dissolved in an amorphous component of water adjacent to the pore walls. Nanoconfinement and interaction with the pore walls clearly have a strong influence on the hydrate formed and may reflect species present in the early stages of hydrate growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Alavi
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Igor L Moudrakovski
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - John A Ripmeester
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5A2, Canada
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Abstract
Studies revealed that gas hydrate cages, especially small cages, are incompletely filled with guest gas molecules, primarily associated with pressure and gas composition. The ratio of hydrate cages occupied by guest molecules, defined as cage occupancy, is a critical parameter to estimate the resource amount of a natural gas hydrate reservoir and evaluate the storage capacity of methane or hydrogen hydrate as an energy storage medium and carbon dioxide hydrate as a carbon sequestration matrix. As the result, methods have been developed to investigate the cage occupancy of gas hydrate. In this review, several instrument methods widely applied for gas hydrate analysis are introduced, including Raman, NMR, XRD, neutron diffraction, and the approaches to estimate cage occupancy are summarized.
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Anti-Agglomeration Effects of Biodegradable Surfactants from Natural Sources on Natural Gas Hydrate Formation. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13051107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHI) and anti-agglomerants (AA) rather than thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THI) are often used for flow assurance in pipelines. This is because they require much lower dosages than thermodynamic inhibitors. Although the hydrate-phase equilibria are not affected, KHI and AA prevent the formed hydrate crystals from growing to a bulky state causing pipeline blockage. However, these KHIs might have huge environmental impact due to leakages from the pipelines. In this study, two biodegradable AA candidates from natural sources (that is, lecithin and lanolin) are proposed and their performances are evaluated by comparing them with and without a conventional AA (Span 80, sorbitan monooleate). At 30% and 50% water cut, the addition of AA materials was found to enhance the flow characteristics substantially in pipelines and hardly affected the maximum value of the rotational torque, respectively. Considering the cost-effective and environmental advantages of the suggested AA candidates over a conventional AA such as Span 80, the materials are thought to have potential viability for practical operation of oil and gas pipelines. However, additional investigations will be done to clarify the optimum amounts and the action mechanisms of the suggested AAs.
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Song G, Li Y, Wang W, Jiang K, Shi Z, Yao S. Hydrate formation in oil–water systems: Investigations of the influences of water cut and anti-agglomerant. Chin J Chem Eng 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjche.2019.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Maeda N. Nucleation Curve of Carbon Dioxide Hydrate from a Linear Cooling Ramp Method. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7911-7919. [PMID: 31503494 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Formation of gas hydrate is a first-order phase transition that starts with nucleation. Understanding of nucleation is of interest to many in chemical and petroleum industries, as nucleation, while beneficial in many chemical processes, is detrimental in flow assurance of oil and natural gas pipelines. A primary difficulty in the investigation of gas hydrate nucleation has been the inability of researchers to compare nucleation rates of gas hydrates across various systems of different scales and complexities, which in turn has been limiting the ability of researchers to study the nucleation process itself. In this study, a first-generation high-pressure automated lag time apparatus (HP-ALTA MkI) was used to determine the nucleation curve of structure I (sI) - forming carbon dioxide hydrate. The instrument subjected a quiescent water sample of well-defined dimensions to a large number of linear cooling ramps under isobaric conditions, and detected and recorded carbon dioxide hydrate formation temperature distributions. A survival curve was constructed from the measured ensemble, and a nucleation curve was derived from the survival curve using the empirical model-independent method we had previously reported. The nucleation rate of carbon dioxide hydrate was found to be significantly greater than that of pure methane hydrate or that of natural gas hydrate over the entire range of subcooling investigated. We provide a new physical interpretation of an experimentally determined nucleation curve and, by doing so, solve one of the outstanding puzzles of the HP-ALTA technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Maeda
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, School of Mining and Petroleum Engineering , University of Alberta , 7-207 Donadeo ICE, 9211-116 Street NW , Edmonton , AB T6G1H9 , Canada
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Abstract
VC-713 is a kind of hydrate kinetics inhibitor, which is widely used because of its strong hydrate inhibition. In this paper, VC-713 was dissolved and dispersed into its solution to various degrees by stirring the solution at the speeds of 600 r·min−1 and 12000 r·min−1. Then, under the condition of normal pressure and temperature change (gradually decreasing from 278.15 K to 273.65 K), the hydrate inhibitory effect of dissolution and dispersion of VC-713 on THF hydrate formation was studied. The variation in the concentration of VC-713 was monitored during the experiments. In addition, the mesoscopic structure characteristics of aqueous solutions were observed, and experimental phenomena in the reactor were recorded along with real time. Then, the experimental data were comprehensively analyzed, and the underlying mechanism of inhibition was revealed. Results showed that VC-713 inhibits hydrate nucleation and growth by adsorbing and binding. When the addition amounts are the same, better dissolution and dispersion of VC-713 can inhibit the hydrate formation more effectively. This is due to more complex skeleton structures formed by the hydrated VC-713 molecule. When the amount of VC-713 is 0.5 wt.%, the induction time, the formation rate, and the degree of supercooling of hydrate formation were extended, mitigated, and increased by 10.30%, 21.43%, and 17.80%, respectively, and changed to values of 8.75%, 14.29%, and 22.50%, respectively, for 1.0 wt.% VC-713.
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Yagasaki T, Matsumoto M, Tanaka H. Adsorption of Kinetic Hydrate Inhibitors on Growing Surfaces: A Molecular Dynamics Study. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:3396-3406. [PMID: 29278335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the mechanism of a typical kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI), polyvinylcaprolactam (PVCap), which has been applied to prevent hydrate plugs from forming in gas pipe lines, using molecular dynamics simulations of crystal growth of ethylene oxide hydrate. Water-soluble ethylene oxide is chosen as a guest species to avoid problems associated with the presence of the gas phase in the simulation cell such as slow crystal growth. A PVCap dodecamer adsorbs irreversibly on the hydrate surface which grows at supercooling of 3 K when the hydrophobic part of two pendent groups are trapped in open cages at the surface. The amide hydrogen bonds make no contribution to the adsorption. PVCap can adsorb on various crystallographic planes of sI hydrate. This is in contrast to antifreeze proteins, each of which prefers a specific plane of ice. The trapped PVCap gives rise to necessarily the concave surface of the hydrate. The crystal growth rate decreases with increasing surface curvature, indicating that the inhibition by PVCap is explained by the Gibbs-Thomson effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Yagasaki
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science , Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Masakazu Matsumoto
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science , Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
| | - Hideki Tanaka
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science , Okayama University , Okayama 700-8530 , Japan
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Inhibition of methane and natural gas hydrate formation by altering the structure of water with amino acids. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31582. [PMID: 27526869 PMCID: PMC4985706 DOI: 10.1038/srep31582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural gas hydrates are solid hydrogen-bonded water crystals containing small molecular gases. The amount of natural gas stored as hydrates in permafrost and ocean sediments is twice that of all other fossil fuels combined. However, hydrate blockages also hinder oil/gas pipeline transportation, and, despite their huge potential as energy sources, our insufficient understanding of hydrates has limited their extraction. Here, we report how the presence of amino acids in water induces changes in its structure and thus interrupts the formation of methane and natural gas hydrates. The perturbation of the structure of water by amino acids and the resulting selective inhibition of hydrate cage formation were observed directly. A strong correlation was found between the inhibition efficiencies of amino acids and their physicochemical properties, which demonstrates the importance of their direct interactions with water and the resulting dissolution environment. The inhibition of methane and natural gas hydrate formation by amino acids has the potential to be highly beneficial in practical applications such as hydrate exploitation, oil/gas transportation, and flow assurance. Further, the interactions between amino acids and water are essential to the equilibria and dynamics of many physical, chemical, biological, and environmental processes.
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Effect of shearing actions on the rheological properties and mesostructures of CMC, PVP and CMC+PVP aqueous solutions as simple water-based drilling fluids for gas hydrate drilling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juogr.2016.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Posteraro D, Verrett J, Maric M, Servio P. New insights into the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) concentration on methane hydrate growth. 1. Growth rate. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sa JH, Kwak GH, Lee BR, Ahn D, Lee KH. Abnormal incorporation of amino acids into the gas hydrate crystal lattice. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:26730-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05056h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kim J, Shin K, Seo Y, Cho SJ, Lee JD. Synergistic Hydrate Inhibition of Monoethylene Glycol with Poly(vinylcaprolactam) in Thermodynamically Underinhibited System. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:9065-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jp503435t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakyung Kim
- Division of Ocean Systems
Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuchul Shin
- Division of Ocean Systems
Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Yutaek Seo
- Division of Ocean Systems
Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jun Cho
- Offshore Plant Resources R&D Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Busan 618-230, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Dong Lee
- Offshore Plant Resources R&D Center, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Busan 618-230, Republic of Korea
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May EF, Wu R, Kelland MA, Aman ZM, Kozielski KA, Hartley PG, Maeda N. Quantitative kinetic inhibitor comparisons and memory effect measurements from hydrate formation probability distributions. Chem Eng Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sharifi H, Hatzikiriakos SG, Englezos P. Rheological evaluation of kinetic hydrate inhibitors in NaCl/n-heptane solutions. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sharifi
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; The University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Savvas G. Hatzikiriakos
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; The University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z3
| | - Peter Englezos
- Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; The University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada V6T 1Z3
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Hydrophobic amino acids as a new class of kinetic inhibitors for gas hydrate formation. Sci Rep 2014; 3:2428. [PMID: 23938301 PMCID: PMC3741619 DOI: 10.1038/srep02428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
As the foundation of energy industry moves towards gas, flow assurance technology preventing pipelines from hydrate blockages becomes increasingly significant. However, the principle of hydrate inhibition is still poorly understood. Here, we examined natural hydrophobic amino acids as novel kinetic hydrate inhibitors (KHIs), and investigated hydrate inhibition phenomena by using them as a model system. Amino acids with lower hydrophobicity were found to be better KHIs to delay nucleation and retard growth, working by disrupting the water hydrogen bond network, while those with higher hydrophobicity strengthened the local water structure. It was found that perturbation of the water structure around KHIs plays a critical role in hydrate inhibition. This suggestion of a new class of KHIs will aid development of KHIs with enhanced biodegradability, and the present findings will accelerate the improved control of hydrate formation for natural gas exploitation and the utilization of hydrates as next-generation gas capture media.
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Cha M, Shin K, Seo Y, Shin JY, Kang SP. Catastrophic growth of gas hydrates in the presence of kinetic hydrate inhibitors. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13988-95. [PMID: 24295438 DOI: 10.1021/jp408346z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the concentration of kinetic hydrate inhibitors, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and polyvinylcaprolactam (PVCap) on the onset and growth of synthetic natural gas hydrates is investigated by measuring the hydrate onset time and gas consumption rate. Although the hydrate onset time is extended by increasing the concentration from 0.5 to 3.0 wt % for both PVP and PVCap, the growth rate of hydrates shows that the different tendency depends on the type of kinetic hydrate inhibitor and its concentration. For PVCap solution, the hydrate growth was slow for more than 1000 min after the onset at the concentration of 0.5 and 1.5 wt %. However, the growth rate becames almost 8 times faster at the concentration of 3.0 wt %, representing the catastrophic growth of hydrate just after the hydrate onset. (13)C NMR spectra of hydrates formed at 3.0 wt % of PVP and PVCap indicate the existence of both structures I and II. Cage occupancy of methane in large cages of structure II decreases significantly when compared to that for pure water. These results suggest that increasing the concentration of KHI up to 3.0 wt % may induce the earlier appearance of catastrophic hydrate growth and the existence of metastable structure I; thus, there needs to be an upper limit for using KHI to manage the formation of gas hydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjun Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Lee JW, Lee J, Kang SP. 13C NMR spectroscopies and formation kinetics of gas hydrates in the presence of monoethylene glycol as an inhibitor. Chem Eng Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Perrin A, Musa OM, Steed JW. The chemistry of low dosage clathrate hydrate inhibitors. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:1996-2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35340g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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