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Conti Nibali V, Sacchetti F, Paciaroni A, Petrillo C, Tarek M, D'Angelo G. Intra-protein interacting collective modes in the terahertz frequency region. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:161101. [PMID: 37870134 DOI: 10.1063/5.0142381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how proteins work requires a thorough understanding of their internal dynamics. Proteins support a wide range of motions, from the femtoseconds to seconds time scale, relevant to crucial biological functions. In this context, the term "protein collective dynamics" refers to the complex patterns of coordinated motions of numerous atoms throughout the protein in the sub-picosecond time scale (terahertz frequency region). It is hypothesized that these dynamics have a substantial impact on the regulation of functional dynamical mechanisms, including ligand binding and allosteric signalling, charge transport direction, and the regulation of thermodynamic and thermal transport properties. Using the theoretical framework of hydrodynamics, the collective dynamics of proteins had previously been described in a manner akin to that of simple liquids, i.e. in terms of a single acoustic-like excitation, related to intra-protein vibrational motions. Here, we employ an interacting-mode model to analyse the results from molecular dynamics simulations and we unveil that the vibrational landscape of proteins is populated by multiple acoustic-like and low-frequency optic-like modes, with mixed symmetry and interfering with each other. We propose an interpretation at the molecular level of the observed scenario that we relate to the side-chains and the hydrogen-bonded networks dynamics. The present insights provide a perspective for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the energy redistribution processes in the interior of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Conti Nibali
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Science and Earth Science, Messina University, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Sacchetti
- Department of Physics and Geology, Perugia University, Via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paciaroni
- Department of Physics and Geology, Perugia University, Via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Caterina Petrillo
- Department of Physics and Geology, Perugia University, Via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Mounir Tarek
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Giovanna D'Angelo
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physical Science and Earth Science, Messina University, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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2
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Modi T, Campitelli P, Heyden M, Ozkan SB. Correlated Evolution of Low-Frequency Vibrations and Function in Enzymes. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:616-622. [PMID: 36633931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies of the flexibility of ancestral proteins suggest that proteins evolve their function by altering their native state ensemble. Here, we propose a more direct method to analyze such changes during protein evolution by comparing thermally activated vibrations at frequencies below 6 THz, which report on the dynamics of collective protein modes. We analyzed the backbone vibrational density of states of ancestral and extant β-lactamases and thioredoxins and observed marked changes in the vibrational spectrum in response to evolution. Coupled with previously observed changes in protein flexibility, the observed shifts of vibrational mode densities suggest that protein dynamics and dynamical allostery are critical factors for the evolution of enzymes with specialized catalytic and biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Modi
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287, United States
| | - Paul Campitelli
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287, United States
| | - Matthias Heyden
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287, United States
| | - S Banu Ozkan
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona85287, United States
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3
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Zhang T, Fan F, Cheng J, Wang X, Chang S. Terahertz polarization sensing for protein concentration and a crystallization process on a reflective metasurface. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:6391-6397. [PMID: 36256255 DOI: 10.1364/ao.463924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) waves have attracted much attention in the field of biosensing due to advantages including non-destructiveness, being label-free, and high-sensitivity detection. Here we have experimentally demonstrated a THz polarization sensing method based on reflective metasurface sensors for detecting concentrations of protein solutions and their crystallization process. The protein with varying concentrations has been detected by five different polarization parameters, which show different spectral responses and sensing sensitivities. The sensing accuracy can reach the order of ng/mm2. Furthermore, the crystallization process of the protein sample from the dissolved state to the crystalline has been dynamically measured by polarization sensing, of which the highest sensitivity can reach 0.67 °/%. Therefore, this new sensing platform can have broad development prospects in the trace matter detection of the biological sample.
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4
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Abstract
Proteins play a key role in living organisms. The study of proteins and their dynamics provides information about their functionality, catalysis and potential alterations towards pathological diseases. Several techniques are used for studying protein dynamics, e.g., magnetic resonance, fluorescence imaging techniques, mid-infrared spectroscopy and biochemical assays. Spectroscopic analysis, based on the use of terahertz (THz) radiation with frequencies between 0.1 and 15 THz (3–500 cm−1), was underestimated by the biochemical community. In recent years, however, the potential of THz spectroscopy in the analysis of both simple structures, such as polypeptide molecules, and complex structures, such as protein complexes, has been demonstrated. The THz absorption spectrum provides some information on proteins: for small molecules the THz spectrum is dominated by individual modes related to the presence of hydrogen bonds. For peptides, the spectral information concerns their secondary structure, while for complex proteins such as globular proteins and viral glycoproteins, spectra also provide information on collective modes. In this short review, we discuss the results obtained by THz spectroscopy in the protein dynamics investigations. In particular, we will illustrate advantages and applications of THz spectroscopy, pointing out the complementary information it may provide.
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5
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Shrestha UR, Mamontov E, O'Neill HM, Zhang Q, Kolesnikov AI, Chu X. Experimental mapping of short-wavelength phonons in proteins. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100199. [PMID: 35059681 PMCID: PMC8760453 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Phonons are quasi-particles, observed as lattice vibrations in periodic materials, that often dampen in the presence of structural perturbations. Nevertheless, phonon-like collective excitations exist in highly complex systems, such as proteins, although the origin of such collective motions has remained elusive. Here we present a picture of temperature and hydration dependence of collective excitations in green fluorescent protein (GFP) obtained by inelastic neutron scattering. Our results provide evidence that such excitations can be used as a measure of flexibility/softness and are possibly associated with the protein’s activity. Moreover, we show that the hydration water in GFP interferes with the phonon propagation pathway, enhancing the structural rigidity and stability of GFP. Quantum phenomena in biology have long fascinated people around the world This work presents a direct experimental observation of phonons, the quantum vibrations in a protein The collective excitations or phonons in proteins were detected by utilizing inelastic neutron scattering technique at Oak Ridge National Laboratory Our results illustrate the flexibility-activity relationship in proteins by mapping the temperature and hydration dependence of these collective excitations
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsab R. Shrestha
- UT/ORNL Center for Molecular Biophysics, Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Eugene Mamontov
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Hugh M. O'Neill
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | | | - Xiangqiang Chu
- Department of Nuclear Science and Technology, Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding author
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6
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Zhang Z, Fan F, Shi W, Zhang T, Chang S. Terahertz circular polarization sensing for protein denaturation based on a twisted dual-layer metasurface. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:209-221. [PMID: 35154865 PMCID: PMC8803037 DOI: 10.1364/boe.443473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein denaturation has very important research value in nutrition, biomedicine, and the food industry, which is caused by the changes in the molecular structure of the protein. Since the collective vibrational and torsional modes of protein molecules are within the terahertz (THz) frequency range, THz spectroscopy can characterize the protein denaturation with several advantages of non-contact, label-free, real-time, and non-destructive. Therefore, we proposed a reflective THz time-domain polarization spectroscopy sensing method, and use a flexible twisted dual-layer metasurface film as a sensor to realize the thermal denaturation sensing, concentration sensing, and types identification of protein aqueous solutions. The experiment tested three proteins (bovine serum albumin, whey protein, and ovalbumin), and the results show that: for the thermal denaturation sensing, its detection sensitivity can reach 6.30 dB/% and the detection accuracy is 0.77%; for the concentration sensing, the detection sensitivity and detection accuracy reach 52.9 dB·mL/g and 3.6·10-5 g/mL, respectively; in addition, different protein types can be distinguished by the difference of the circular polarization spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Fei Fan
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Sensor and Sensing Network Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Weinan Shi
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tianrui Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shengjiang Chang
- Institute of Modern Optics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin 300350, China
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7
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Petrillo C, Sacchetti F. Future applications of the high-flux thermal neutron spectroscopy: the ever-green case of collective excitations in liquid metals. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2021.1871862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Petrillo
- Department of Physics & Earth Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sacchetti
- Department of Physics & Earth Science, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- National Research Council, Institute IOM-CNR, Perugia, Italy
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8
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D'Angelo G, Nibali VC, Wanderlingh U, Branca C, De Francesco A, Sacchetti F, Petrillo C, Paciaroni A. Multiple Interacting Collective Modes and Phonon Gap in Phospholipid Membranes. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4367-4372. [PMID: 30024172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We combine Brillouin neutron scattering measurements with recent inelastic X-ray scattering [ Zhernenkov et al. Nat. Commun. 2016 , 7 , 11575 ] to propose a model for the collective dynamics of phospholipid bilayers. Neutron and X-ray spectra were fitted by the model response function associated with the Hamiltonian of an interacting-phonon system. This approach allows for a comprehensive and unprecedented picture of the vibrational collective features of phospholipids. At low wavevectors Q, the dispersion relations can be interpreted in terms of two acoustic-like modes, one longitudinal and one transverse, plus a dispersionless optic-like mode. The transverse mode of the liquid phase shows a phonon gap that can be linked to a passive transport mechanism through membranes, an interpretation that was proposed in Zhernenkov et al. At higher Q values, the interaction of the longitudinal acoustic excitation with the dispersionless mode gives rise to a pattern that is consistent with avoided-crossing behavior. Evidence is found for a slow- to fast-sound transition, similar to bulk water and other biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra , Universitá degli Studi di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , 98166 Messina , Italy
| | - Valeria Conti Nibali
- Lehrstuhl fur Physikalische Chemie II , Ruhr Universitat , 44801 Bochum , Germany
| | - Ulderico Wanderlingh
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra , Universitá degli Studi di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , 98166 Messina , Italy
| | - Caterina Branca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra , Universitá degli Studi di Messina , Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31 , 98166 Messina , Italy
| | - Alessio De Francesco
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Istituto Officina dei Materiali OGG, c/o Institut Laue Langevin , 71 Ave. des Martyrs , BP 156 F-38042 Grenoble Cedex , France
| | - Francesco Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia , Universitá degli Studi di Perugia , Via Pascoli , 06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Caterina Petrillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia , Universitá degli Studi di Perugia , Via Pascoli , 06123 Perugia , Italy
| | - Alessandro Paciaroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia , Universitá degli Studi di Perugia , Via Pascoli , 06123 Perugia , Italy
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9
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Niessen KA, Xu M, Paciaroni A, Orecchini A, Snell EH, Markelz AG. Moving in the Right Direction: Protein Vibrations Steering Function. Biophys J 2017; 112:933-942. [PMID: 28297652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly all protein functions require structural change, such as enzymes clamping onto substrates, and ion channels opening and closing. These motions are a target for possible new therapies; however, the control mechanisms are under debate. Calculations have indicated protein vibrations enable structural change. However, previous measurements found these vibrations only weakly depend on the functional state. By using the novel technique of anisotropic terahertz microscopy, we find that there is a dramatic change to the vibrational directionality with inhibitor binding to lysozyme, whereas the vibrational energy distribution, as measured by neutron inelastic scattering, is only slightly altered. The anisotropic terahertz measurements provide unique access to the directionality of the intramolecular vibrations, and immediately resolve the inconsistency between calculations and previous measurements, which were only sensitive to the energy distribution. The biological importance of the vibrational directions versus the energy distribution is revealed by our calculations comparing wild-type lysozyme with a higher catalytic rate double deletion mutant. The vibrational energy distribution is identical, but the more efficient mutant shows an obvious reorientation of motions. These results show that it is essential to characterize the directionality of motion to understand and control protein dynamics to optimize or inhibit function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Niessen
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Mengyang Xu
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | | | - Andrea Orecchini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy; CNR-IOM c/o Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Edward H Snell
- Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute and Department of Structural Biology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Andrea G Markelz
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York; Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute and Department of Structural Biology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.
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10
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Cunsolo A. The terahertz dynamics of simplest fluids probed by inelastic X-ray scattering. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2017.1331900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cunsolo
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
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11
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Zanatta M, Barocchi F, De Francesco A, Farhi E, Formisano F, Guarini E, Laloni A, Orecchini A, Paciaroni A, Petrillo C, Pilgrim WC, Suck JB, Sacchetti F. A high-flux upgrade for the BRISP spectrometer at ILL. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:053905. [PMID: 28571465 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To date, the BRISP spectrometer represents the state-of-the-art for every instrument aiming to perform Brillouin neutron scattering. Exploiting accurate ray-tracing McStas simulations, we investigate an improved configuration of the BRISP primary spectrometer to provide a higher flux at the sample position, while preserving all the present capabilities of the instrument. This configuration is based on a neutron guide system and is designed to fit the instrument platform with no modifications of the secondary spectrometer. These evaluations show that this setup can achieve a flux gain factor ranging from 3 to 6, depending on the wavelength. This can expand the experimental possibilities of BRISP towards smaller samples, possibly using also complex sample environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zanatta
- Dipartimento di Informatica, Università di Verona, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - F Barocchi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - A De Francesco
- IOM-CNR, Operative Group in Grenoble (OGG), c/o Institut Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - E Farhi
- Institut Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - F Formisano
- IOM-CNR, Operative Group in Grenoble (OGG), c/o Institut Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - E Guarini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - A Laloni
- IOM-CNR, Operative Group in Grenoble (OGG), c/o Institut Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - A Orecchini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Paciaroni
- IOM-CNR, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Petrillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - W-C Pilgrim
- Physikalische Chemie, Philipps Universität Marburg, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - J-B Suck
- Institute of Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - F Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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12
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Kalanoor B, Ronen M, Oren Z, Gerber D, Tischler YR. New Method to Study the Vibrational Modes of Biomolecules in the Terahertz Range Based on a Single-Stage Raman Spectrometer. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1232-1240. [PMID: 28393138 PMCID: PMC5377281 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The low-frequency vibrational (LFV) modes of biomolecules reflect specific intramolecular and intermolecular thermally induced fluctuations that are driven by external perturbations, such as ligand binding, protein interaction, electron transfer, and enzymatic activity. Large efforts have been invested over the years to develop methods to access the LFV modes due to their importance in the studies of the mechanisms and biological functions of biomolecules. Here, we present a method to measure the LFV modes of biomolecules based on Raman spectroscopy that combines volume holographic filters with a single-stage spectrometer, to obtain high signal-to-noise-ratio spectra in short acquisition times. We show that this method enables LFV mode characterization of biomolecules even in a hydrated environment. The measured spectra exhibit distinct features originating from intra- and/or intermolecular collective motion and lattice modes. The observed modes are highly sensitive to the overall structure, size, long-range order, and configuration of the molecules, as well as to their environment. Thus, the LFV Raman spectrum acts as a fingerprint of the molecular structure and conformational state of a biomolecule. The comprehensive method we present here is widely applicable, thus enabling high-throughput study of LFV modes of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanth
S. Kalanoor
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology
and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Maria Ronen
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty
of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology
and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ziv Oren
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty
of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Department
of Biotechnology, Israel Institute of Biological
Research, Nes-Ziona 7410001, Israel
| | - Doron Gerber
- Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty
of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology
and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- E-mail: (D.G.)
| | - Yaakov R. Tischler
- Department
of Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Bar-Ilan Institute for Nanotechnology
and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- E-mail: (Y.R.T.)
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13
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D'Angelo G, Conti Nibali V, Crupi C, Rifici S, Wanderlingh U, Paciaroni A, Sacchetti F, Branca C. Probing Intermolecular Interactions in Phospholipid Bilayers by Far-Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:1204-1210. [PMID: 28118017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fast thermal fluctuations and low frequency phonon modes are thought to play a part in the dynamic mechanisms of many important biological functions in cell membranes. Here we report a detailed far-infrared study of the molecular subpicosecond motions of phospholipid bilayers at various hydrations. We show that these systems sustain several low frequency collective modes and deduce that they arise from vibrations of different lipids interacting through intermolecular van der Waals forces. Furthermore, we observe that the low frequency vibrations of lipid membrane have strong similarities with the subpicosecond motions of liquid water and suggest that resonance mechanisms are an important element to the dynamics coupling between membranes and their hydration water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna D'Angelo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina , 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria Conti Nibali
- Institute for Physical Chemistry II, Ruhr-University Bochum , 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Cristina Crupi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina , 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Rifici
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina , 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Ulderico Wanderlingh
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina , 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paciaroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia , 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia , 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Caterina Branca
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Messina , 98122 Messina, Italy
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14
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Shrestha UR, Bhowmik D, Van Delinder KW, Mamontov E, O’Neill H, Zhang Q, Alatas A, Chu XQ. Collective Excitations in Protein as a Measure of Balance Between its Softness and Rigidity. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:923-930. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b10245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Utsab R. Shrestha
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Debsindhu Bhowmik
- Computational
Science and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Kurt W. Van Delinder
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Eugene Mamontov
- Chemical
and Engineering Materials Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Hugh O’Neill
- Biology
and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Qiu Zhang
- Biology
and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States
| | - Ahmet Alatas
- Advanced
Photon Source, Argonne National laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, United States
| | - Xiang-Qiang Chu
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
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15
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Nicolaï A, Barakat F, Delarue P, Senet P. Fingerprints of Conformational States of Human Hsp70 at Sub-THz Frequencies. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:1067-1074. [PMID: 30023501 PMCID: PMC6044683 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Large multidomain proteins occur in different conformational states to function. Detection and monitoring of these different structural states are of crucial interest for understanding the mechanics of proteins. Using computational methods, we show that different protein conformational states of the two-domain 70 kDa human Heat-shock protein (hHsp70), with similar vibrational density of states, lead to remarkably different far-IR spectra at acoustical frequencies (ν < 300 GHz). We found that the slow damped motions of the positively charged residues of hHsp70 contribute the most to collective IR active modes at low frequencies (ν < 300 GHz). We predicted that different structural states and functional modes of large proteins, such as hHsp70, might be detected in the sub-THz frequency range by single-molecule spectroscopy similar to the recent extraordinary acoustic Raman spectroscopy (Wheaton S.; Nat. Photonics2015, 9, 68-72).
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16
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Nicolaï A, Delarue P, Senet P. Theoretical Insights into Sub-Terahertz Acoustic Vibrations of Proteins Measured in Single-Molecule Experiments. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:5128-5136. [PMID: 27973880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteins are an important class of nanobioparticles with acoustical modes in the sub-THz frequency range. There is considerable interest to measure and establish the role of these acoustical vibrations for biological function. So far, the technique providing the most detailed information about the acoustical modes of proteins is the very recent Extraordinary Acoustic Raman (EAR) spectroscopy. In this technique, proteins are trapped in nanoholes and excited by two optical lasers of slightly different wavelengths producing an electric field at low frequency (<100 GHz). We demonstrate that the acoustical modes of proteins studied by EAR spectroscopy are both infrared- and Raman-active modes, and we provided interpretation of the spectroscopic fingerprints measured at the single-molecule level. A combination of the present calculations with techniques based on the excitation of a single nanobioparticle by an electric field, such as EAR spectroscopy, should provide a wealth of information on the role of molecular dynamics for biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Nicolaï
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Av. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Patrice Delarue
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Av. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Patrick Senet
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Av. A. Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France
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17
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The Spectrum of Density Fluctuations of Noble Gases Probed by THz Neutron and X-ray Spectroscopy. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/app6030064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Haertlein M, Moulin M, Devos JM, Laux V, Dunne O, Trevor Forsyth V. Biomolecular Deuteration for Neutron Structural Biology and Dynamics. Methods Enzymol 2016; 566:113-57. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Zanatta M, Sacchetti F, Guarini E, Orecchini A, Paciaroni A, Sani L, Petrillo C. Collective ion dynamics in liquid zinc: evidence for complex dynamics in a non-free-electron liquid metal. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:187801. [PMID: 26001017 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.187801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A detailed inelastic neutron scattering investigation of the THz dynamics of liquid zinc is presented. The observed Q dependence clearly reveals the existence of a complex dynamics made up of two distinct excitations. The highest energy mode is the prolongation of the longitudinal acoustic density fluctuations whereas the comparison with the phonon dynamics of crystalline hcp zinc suggests a transverse acousticlike nature for the second one. This mode seems related to peculiar anisotropic interactions, possibly connected to the behavior of the crystalline phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zanatta
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto Officina Materiali, Unità di Perugia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto Officina Materiali, Unità di Perugia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - E Guarini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - A Orecchini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Paciaroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - L Sani
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Petrillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto Officina Materiali, Unità di Perugia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via Alessandro Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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20
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Longo M, Marconi M, Orecchini A, Petrillo C, Monaco G, Calvitti M, Pirisinu I, Romani R, Sacchetti F, Sebastiani F, Zanatta M, Paciaroni A. Terahertz Dynamics in Human Cells and Their Chromatin. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2177-2181. [PMID: 26279530 DOI: 10.1021/jz500918w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The terahertz dynamics of human cells of the U937 line and their chromatin has been investigated by high-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering. To highlight its dynamical features in situ, nuclear DNA has been stained by uranyl-acetate salt. The general behavior of the collective dynamics of the whole cell is quite similar to that of bulk water, with a nearly wavevector-independent branch located at about 5 meV and a propagating mode with a linear trend corresponding to a speed of sound of 2900 ± 100 m/s. We provide the first experimental evidence for the existence of two branches also in the dispersion curves of chromatin. The high-energy mode displays an acoustic-like behavior with a sound velocity similar to unstained cells, but in this case the branch likely originates from the superposition of intramolecular DNA optic modes. A low-energy optic-like branch, distinctive of the chromatin moiety, is found at about 2.5 meV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Longo
- †Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- ‡Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, I-34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Marconi
- †Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Orecchini
- †Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - C Petrillo
- †Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - G Monaco
- §Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trento, Via Sommarive 14, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - M Calvitti
- ∥Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, I-06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - I Pirisinu
- ∥Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, I-06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - R Romani
- ∥Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, I-06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Sacchetti
- †Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- ⊥CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Unità di Perugia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Sebastiani
- †Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- ⊥CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Unità di Perugia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Zanatta
- †Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Paciaroni
- †Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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21
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Wang Z, Chiang WS, Le P, Fratini E, Li M, Alatas A, Baglioni P, Chen SH. One role of hydration water in proteins: key to the "softening" of short time intraprotein collective vibrations of a specific length scale. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:4298-4303. [PMID: 24789017 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00257a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
High resolution inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) experiments show that the "phonon energy softening" and "phonon population enhancement" observed in a hydrated native protein when increasing the temperature from 200 K to physiological temperature are not directly related to the protein structure. Such phenomena were also observed in a denatured sample without a defined tertiary structure and with a limited residual secondary structure. However, in a dry sample, such "softening" is strongly suppressed. These facts suggest that the above-mentioned protein "softening" phenomenon is water-induced. In addition, increasing the hydration level can also induce "phonon energy softening" at room temperature, but not at 200 K. This change may be due to a qualitative difference in the dynamics of hydration water at 200 K and at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
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22
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Coherent neutron scattering and collective dynamics in the protein, GFP. Biophys J 2014; 105:2182-7. [PMID: 24209864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Collective dynamics are considered to be one of the major properties of soft materials, including biological macromolecules. We present coherent neutron scattering studies of the low-frequency vibrations, the so-called boson peak, in fully deuterated green fluorescent protein (GFP). Our analysis revealed unexpectedly low coherence of the atomic motions in GFP. This result implies a low amount of in-phase collective motion of the secondary structural units contributing to the boson peak vibrations and fast conformational fluctuations on the picosecond timescale. These observations are in contrast to earlier studies of polymers and glass-forming systems, and suggest that random or out-of-phase motions of the β-strands contribute greater than two-thirds of the intensity to the low-frequency vibrational spectra of GFP.
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23
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Crupi V, Fontana A, Giarola M, Longeville S, Majolino D, Mariotto G, Mele A, Paciaroni A, Rossi B, Trotta F, Venuti V. Vibrational Density of States and Elastic Properties of Cross-Linked Polymers: Combining Inelastic Light and Neutron Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:624-33. [DOI: 10.1021/jp410448y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Crupi
- Department
of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, CNISM UdR Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Aldo Fontana
- Department
of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Giarola
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Stéphane Longeville
- Laboratoire Léon
Brillouin (CEA/CNRS), CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Domenico Majolino
- Department
of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, CNISM UdR Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Gino Mariotto
- Department
of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Mele
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Paciaroni
- Department
of Physics, University of Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Rossi
- Department
of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina Venuti
- Department
of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Messina, CNISM UdR Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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24
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Low-Frequency, Functional, Modes of Proteins: All-Atom and Coarse-Grained Normal Mode Analysis. COMPUTATIONAL METHODS TO STUDY THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF BIOMOLECULES AND BIOMOLECULAR PROCESSES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-28554-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Perticaroli S, Nickels JD, Ehlers G, O'Neill H, Zhang Q, Sokolov AP. Secondary structure and rigidity in model proteins. SOFT MATTER 2013; 9:9548-56. [PMID: 26029761 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm50807b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is tremendous interest in understanding the role that secondary structure plays in the rigidity and dynamics of proteins. In this work we analyze nanomechanical properties of proteins chosen to represent different secondary structures: α-helices (myoglobin and bovine serum albumin), β-barrels (green fluorescent protein), and α + β + loop structures (lysozyme). Our experimental results show that in these model proteins, the β motif is a stiffer structural unit than the α-helix in both dry and hydrated states. This difference appears not only in the rigidity of the protein, but also in the amplitude of fast picosecond fluctuations. Moreover, we show that for these examples the secondary structure correlates with the temperature- and hydration-induced changes in the protein dynamics and rigidity. Analysis also suggests a connection between the length of the secondary structure (α-helices) and the low-frequency vibrational mode, the so-called boson peak. The presented results suggest an intimate connection of dynamics and rigidity with the protein secondary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Perticaroli
- aChemical and Materials Sciences Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. E-mail:
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26
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27
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Sebastiani F, Orecchini A, Paciaroni A, Jasnin M, Zaccai G, Moulin M, Haertlein M, De Francesco A, Petrillo C, Sacchetti F. Collective THz dynamics in living Escherichia coli cells. Chem Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Paciaroni A, Orecchini A, Goracci G, Cornicchi E, Petrillo C, Sacchetti F. Glassy Character of DNA Hydration Water. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:2026-31. [DOI: 10.1021/jp3105437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Paciaroni
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Pascoli
I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali,
Unità di Perugia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Orecchini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Pascoli
I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali,
Unità di Perugia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Institut Laue Langevin, 6 rue J. Horowitz F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Guido Goracci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Pascoli
I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Cornicchi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Pascoli
I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Caterina Petrillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Pascoli
I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali,
Unità di Perugia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesco Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Via Pascoli
I-06123 Perugia, Italy
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali,
Unità di Perugia, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
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29
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Wang Z, Bertrand CE, Chiang WS, Fratini E, Baglioni P, Alatas A, Alp EE, Chen SH. Inelastic X-ray Scattering Studies of the Short-Time Collective Vibrational Motions in Hydrated Lysozyme Powders and Their Possible Relation to Enzymatic Function. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:1186-95. [DOI: 10.1021/jp312842m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Nuclear Science and
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher E. Bertrand
- Department of Nuclear Science and
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wei-Shan Chiang
- Department of Nuclear Science and
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Emiliano Fratini
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence,
I-50019, Italy
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry and CSGI, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence,
I-50019, Italy
| | - Ahmet Alatas
- Advanced Photon
Source, Argonne National Lab, Argonne,
Illinois, 60439, United States
| | - E. Ercan Alp
- Advanced Photon
Source, Argonne National Lab, Argonne,
Illinois, 60439, United States
| | - Sow-Hsin Chen
- Department of Nuclear Science and
Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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