1
|
Gibbard JA, Reppel J, Verlet JRR. Photodissociation of permanganate (MnO 4-) produces the manganese dioxide anion (MnO 2-) in an excited triplet state. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 38018508 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04576e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectron imaging, electron action spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations are used to probe the structure and dynamics of MnO4-. Following excitation to the first bright absorption band of MnO4- (11T2), photodetachment, via ground state electron loss, and photodissociation, to produce MnO2-, are both observed to occur simultaneously. MnO2- is produced in an excited electronic state, identified as a triplet state, which indicates that the dissociation proceeds on singlet potential energy surfaces via spin conservation. Furthermore, electronic structure calculations indicate that both photodetachment and photodissociation are multiple photon processes that are mediated by the same 11T2 excited state. Taken together this data indicates that photodissociation of MnO4- occurs via a statistical dissociation on the MnO4- ground state at visible wavelengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jemma A Gibbard
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Jonathan Reppel
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Jan R R Verlet
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cheung PC, Williams DR, Barrett J, Barker J, Kirk DW. On the Origins of Some Spectroscopic Properties of "Purple Iron" (the Tetraoxoferrate(VI) Ion) and Its Pourbaix Safe-Space. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175266. [PMID: 34500697 PMCID: PMC8434183 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the authors attempt to interpret the visible, infrared and Raman spectra of ferrate(VI) by means of theoretical physical-inorganic chemistry and historical highlights in this field of interest. In addition, the sacrificial decomposition of ferrate(VI) during water treatment will also be discussed together with a brief mention of how Rayleigh scattering caused by the decomposition of FeVIO42− may render absorbance readings erroneous. This work is not a compendium of all the instrumental methods of analysis which have been deployed to identify ferrate(VI) or to study its plethora of reactions, but mention will be made of the relevant techniques (e.g., Mössbauer Spectroscopy amongst others) which support and advance this overall discourse at appropriate junctures, without undue elaboration on the foundational physics of these techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip C.W. Cheung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Daryl R. Williams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Jack Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College, University of London, London WC2R 2LS, UK;
| | - James Barker
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University, Kingston-upon-Thames KT1 2EE, UK;
| | - Donald W. Kirk
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang XL, Xu CQ, Lu JB, Cao CS, Schmidbaur H, Schwarz WHE, Li J. Electronic Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of Group-7 Tri-Oxo-Halides MO 3X (M = Mn-Bh, X = F-Ts). Inorg Chem 2021; 60:9504-9515. [PMID: 34152757 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 24 trioxide halide molecules MO3X of the manganese group (M = Mn-Bh; X = F-Ts), which are iso-valence-electronic with the famous MnO4- ion, have been quantum-chemically investigated by quasi-relativistic density-functional and ab initio correlated approaches. Geometric and electronic structures, valence and oxidation numbers, vibrational and electronic spectral properties, energetic stabilities of the monomers in the gas phase, and the decay mode of MnO3F have been investigated. The light Mn-3d species are most strongly electron-correlated, indicating that the concept of a closed-shell Lewis-type single-configurational structure [Mn+7(d0) O-2(p6)3 F-(p6)] reaches its limits. The concept of real-valued spin orbitals φ(r)·α and φ(r)·β breaks down for the heavy Bh-6d, At-6p and Ts-7p elements because of the dominating spin-orbit coupling. The vigorous decomposition of MnO3F at ambient conditions starts by the autocatalyzed release of n O2 and the formation of MnmO3m-2nFm clusters, triggered by the electron-depleted "oxylic" character of the oxide ligands in MnO3X.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jun-Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chang-Su Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hubert Schmidbaur
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - W H Eugen Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Department Chemie, Universität Siegen, Siegen 57068, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mudryk KD, Seidel R, Winter B, Wilkinson I. The electronic structure of the aqueous permanganate ion: aqueous-phase energetics and molecular bonding studied using liquid jet photoelectron spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20311-20330. [PMID: 32895669 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04033a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Permanganate aqueous solutions, MnO4-(aq.), were studied using liquid-micro-jet-based soft X-ray non-resonant and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy to determine valence and core-level binding energies. To identify possible differences in the energetics between the aqueous bulk and the solution-gas interface, non-resonant spectra were recorded at two different probing depths. Similar experiments were performed with different counter ions, Na+ and K+, with the two solutions yielding indistinguishable anion electron binding energies. Our resonant photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, performed near the Mn LII,III- and O K-edges, selectively probed valence charge distributions between the Mn metal center, O ligands, and first solvation shell in the aqueous bulk. Associated resonantly-enhanced solute ionisation signals revealed hybridisation of the solute constituents' atomic orbitals, including the inner valence Mn 3p and O 2s. We identified intermolecular coulombic decay relaxation processes following resonant X-ray excitation of the solute that highlight valence MnO4-(aq.)-H2O(l) electronic couplings. Furthermore, our results allowed us to infer oxidative reorganisation energies of MnO4˙(aq.) and adiabatic valence ionisation energies of MnO4-(aq.), revealing the Gibbs free energy of oxidation and permitting estimation of the vertical electron affinity of MnO4˙(aq.). Finally, the Gibbs free energy of hydration of isolated MnO4- was determined. Our results and analysis allowed a near-complete binding-energy-scaled MnO4-(aq.) molecular orbital and a valence energy level diagram to be produced for the MnO4-(aq.)/MnO4˙(aq.) system. Cumulatively, our mapping of the aqueous-phase electronic structure of MnO4- is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of the exceptional redox properties of this widely applied aqueous transition-metal complex ion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen D Mudryk
- Locally-Sensitive & Time-Resolved Spectroscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. and Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Seidel
- Operando Interfacial Photochemistry, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany and Fachbereich Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Winter
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iain Wilkinson
- Locally-Sensitive & Time-Resolved Spectroscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, D-14109 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Haggag OS, Malakar P, Pokhilko P, Stanton JF, Krylov AI, Ruhman S. The elusive dynamics of aqueous permanganate photochemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10043-10055. [PMID: 32338267 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp07028a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of investigation, mechanistic details of aqueous permanganate photo-decomposition remain unclear. Here we follow photoinduced dynamics of aqueous permanganate with femtosecond spectroscopy. Photoexcitation of KMnO4(aq) in the visible unleashes a sub-picosecond cascade of non-radiative transitions, leading to a distinct species which relaxes to S0 with a lifetime of 16 ps. Tuning excitation to the UV shows increasing formation of a metastable intermediate, which outlives our ∼1 ns window of detection. Guided by electronic structure calculations and observations from three pulse excitation experiments, we assign the 16 ps species as the lowest Jahn-Teller component of the 3T1 triplet state and suggest a plausible sequence of radiationless transitions, which rapidly populate it. In conjunction with photodecomposition quantum yields obtained from the literature, these results demonstrate that aqueous permanganate photo-decomposition proceeds through a long-lived intermediate which is formed in parallel to the triplet in less than one ps upon UV absorption. The possibility that this is the postulated highly oxidative peroxo species, a fraction of which leads to the stable (MnO2- + O2) fragments, is discussed. Finally, periodic modulations detected in the pump-probe signal are assigned to ground-state vibrational coherences excited by impulsive Raman. Their wavelength-dependent absolute phases outline the borders between adjacent electronic transitions in the linear spectrum of permanganate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omer S Haggag
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Heit YN, Sergentu DC, Autschbach J. Magnetic circular dichroism spectra of transition metal complexes calculated from restricted active space wavefunctions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:5586-5597. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiconfigurational restricted active space (RAS) self-consistent field (SCF) or configuration interaction (CI) approaches, augmented with a treatment of spin–orbit coupling by state interaction, were used to calculate the magnetic circular dichroism , , and/or for closed- and open-shell transition metal complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yonaton N. Heit
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York
- Buffalo
- USA
| | | | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York
- Buffalo
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sharma P, Truhlar DG, Gagliardi L. Multiconfiguration pair-density functional theory investigation of the electronic spectrum of MnO4−. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:124305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5021185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, USA
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, USA
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Olsen JMH, Hedegård ED. Modeling the absorption spectrum of the permanganate ion in vacuum and in aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:15870-15875. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01194f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The absorption spectrum of MnO4− in vacuum and aqueous solution is modeled using the range-separated complete active space short-range density functional theory method (CAS-srDFT) combined with either implicit (PCM) or explicit (PE) solvent models. The experimental vacuum-to-water solvent shift of the lowest intense transition is reproduced by PE-CAS-srDFT.
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang W, Xu WH, Schwarz WHE, Li J. On the Highest Oxidation States of Metal Elements in MO4 Molecules (M = Fe, Ru, Os, Hs, Sm, and Pu). Inorg Chem 2016; 55:4616-25. [PMID: 27074099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal tetraoxygen molecules (MO4, M = Fe, Ru, Os, Hs, Sm, Pu) of all metal atoms M with eight valence electrons are theoretically studied using density functional and correlated wave function approaches. The heavier d-block elements Ru, Os, Hs are confirmed to form stable tetraoxides of Td symmetry in (1)A1 electronic states with empty metal d(0) valence shell and closed-shell O(2-) ligands, while the 3d-, 4f-, and 5f-elements Fe, Sm, and Pu prefer partial occupation of their valence shells and peroxide or superoxide ligands at lower symmetry structures with various spin couplings. The different geometric and electronic structures and chemical bonding types of the six iso-stoichiometric species are explained in terms of atomic orbital energies and orbital radii. The variations found here contribute to our general understanding of the periodic trends of oxidation states across the periodic table.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wen-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - W H E Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jacobsen H, Cook E. Theoretical Inorganic Chemistry: In Reminiscence of Tom Ziegler. COMMENT INORG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/02603594.2015.1092962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
11
|
Seidu I, Krykunov M, Ziegler T. Applications of Time-Dependent and Time-Independent Density Functional Theory to Electronic Transitions in Tetrahedral d0 Metal Oxides. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:4041-53. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Issaka Seidu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, University
Drive 2500, Calgary, AB T2N-1N4, Canada
| | - Mykhaylo Krykunov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, University
Drive 2500, Calgary, AB T2N-1N4, Canada
| | - Tom Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, University
Drive 2500, Calgary, AB T2N-1N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thornley WA, Bitterwolf TE. Photochemistry of the Permanganate Ion in Low-Temperature Frozen Matrices. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:3370-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ic503046n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt A. Thornley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| | - Thomas E. Bitterwolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Excited electronic states of MnO4−: Challenges for wavefunction and density functional response theories. Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
14
|
Su J, Xu WH, Xu CF, Schwarz WHE, Li J. Theoretical Studies on the Photoelectron and Absorption Spectra of MnO4– and TcO4–. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:9867-74. [DOI: 10.1021/ic4009625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular
Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Wen-Hua Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular
Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao-Fei Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular
Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - W. H. E. Schwarz
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular
Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular
Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Houmøller J, Kaufman SH, Støchkel K, Tribedi LC, Brøndsted Nielsen S, Weber JM. On the Photoabsorption by Permanganate Ions in Vacuo and the Role of a Single Water Molecule. New Experimental Benchmarks for Electronic Structure Theory. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:1133-7. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201300019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
16
|
Su J, Wei F, Schwarz WHE, Li J. Deduction of Bond Length Changes of Symmetric Molecules from Experimental Vibrational Progressions, Including a Topological Mass Factor§. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:12299-304. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305035y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fan Wei
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Supercomputing Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - W. H. E. Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|