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Effects of Charge Density on Photophysics and Aggregation Behavior of Anionic Fluorene-Arylene Conjugated Polyelectrolytes. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:polym10030258. [PMID: 30966293 PMCID: PMC6414976 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Three anionic fluorene-based alternating conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) have been synthesized that have 9,9-bis(4-phenoxy-butylsulfonate) fluorene-2,7-diyl and 1,4-phenylene (PBS-PFP), 4,4′-biphenylene (PBS-PFP2), or 4,4″-p-terphenylene (PBS-PFP3) groups, and the effect of the length of the oligophenylene spacer on their aggregation and photophysics has been studied. All form metastable dispersions in water, but can be solubilized using methanol, acetonitrile, or dioxane as cosolvents. This leads to increases in their emission intensities and blue shifts in fluorescence maxima due to break-up of aggregates. In addition, the emission maximum shifts to the blue and the loss of vibronic structure are observed when the number of phenylene rings is increased. Debsity Functional Theory (DFT) calculations suggest that this is due to increasing conformational flexibility as the number of phenylene rings increases. This is supported by increasing amplitude in the fast component in the fluorescence decay. The nonionic surfactant n-dodecylpentaoxyethylene glycol ether (C12E5) also breaks up aggregates, as seen by changes in fluorescence intensity and maximum. However, the loss in vibrational structure is less pronounced in this case, possibly due to a more rigid environment in the mixed surfactant-CPE aggregates. Further information on the aggregates formed with C12E5 was obtained by electrical conductivity measurements, which showed an initial increase in specific conductivity upon addition of surfactants, while at higher surfactant/CPE molar ratios a plateau was observed. The specific conductance in the plateau region decreased in the order PBS-PFP3 < PBS-PFP2 < PBS-PFP, in agreement with the change in charge density on the CPE. The reverse process of aggregate formation has been studied by injecting small volumes of solutions of CPEs dissolved at the molecular level in a good solvent system (50% methanol-water) into the poor solvent, water. Aggregation was monitored by changes in both fluorescence and light scattering. The rate of aggregation increases with hydrophobicity and concentration of sodium chloride but is only weakly dependent on temperature.
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Hladysh S, Murmiliuk A, Vohlídal J, Havlíček D, Sedlařík V, Štěpánek M, Zedník J. Combination of phosphonium and ammonium pendant groups in cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes based on regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) polymer chains. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Chen N, Lu J, Wang D, Zheng C, Wu H, Zhang H, Gao D. A Double-Cable Poly(fluorene-alt-thiophene) with Bay-Substituted Perylenediimide Pendants: An Efficient Interfacial Material in Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naiwu Chen
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Jurong Lu
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Danbei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyue Zheng
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Huarui Wu
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Deqing Gao
- Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Centre for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, P. R. China
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Synthesis and surface modification of hybrid multiblock gold–nickel–polypyrrole nanorods by poly(fluorene) and their optical properties. J IND ENG CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2015.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Willis-Fox N, Marques AT, Arlt J, Scherf U, Carlos LD, Burrows HD, Evans RC. Synergistic photoluminescence enhancement in conjugated polymer-di-ureasil organic-inorganic composites. Chem Sci 2015; 6:7227-7237. [PMID: 29861958 PMCID: PMC5947540 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc02409a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy transfer between a hybrid di-ureasil host and conjugated polymer dopants results in a dramatic enhancement in the photoluminescence quantum yield due to exciton isolation at long-lived trap sites.
Poly(fluorene) conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE)-di-ureasil organic–inorganic composites have been prepared using a versatile sol–gel processing method, which enables selective localisation of the CPE within the di-ureasil matrix. Introduction of the CPE during the sol–gel reaction leads to a homogeneous distribution of the CPE throughout the di-ureasil, whereas a post-synthesis solvent permeation route leads to the formation of a confined layer of the CPE at the di-ureasil surface. The CPE and the di-ureasil both function as photoactive components, contributing directly to, and enhancing the optical properties of their composite material. The bright blue photoluminescence exhibited by CPE-di-ureasils is reminiscent of the parent CPE; however the distinct contribution of the di-ureasil to the steady-state emission profile is also apparent. This is accompanied by a dramatic increase in the photoluminescence quantum yield to >50%, which is a direct consequence of the synergy between the two components. Picosecond time-correlated single photon counting measurements reveal that the di-ureasil effectively isolates the CPE chains, leading to emissive trap sites which have a high radiative probability. Moreover, intimate mixing of the CPE and the di-ureasil, coupled with their strong spectral overlap, results in efficient excitation energy transfer from the di-ureasil to these emissive traps. Given the simple, solution-based fabrication method and the structural tunability of the two components, this approach presents an efficient route to highly desirable CPE-hybrid materials whose optoelectronic properties may be enhanced and tailored for a targeted application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Willis-Fox
- School of Chemistry and CRANN , Trinity College , The University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
| | - Ana-Teresa Marques
- Makromolekulare Chemie , Bergische Universität Wuppertal , 42097 Wuppertal , Germany.,Chemistry Department , University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Jochen Arlt
- Collaborative Optical Spectroscopy , Micromanipulation and Imaging Centre (COSMIC) and SUPA , School of Physics and Astronomy , King's Buildings , University of Edinburgh , EH9 3JZ , UK
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Makromolekulare Chemie , Bergische Universität Wuppertal , 42097 Wuppertal , Germany
| | - Luís D Carlos
- Departamento de Física and CICECO , Universidade de Aveiro , 3810-193 Aveiro , Portugal
| | - Hugh D Burrows
- Chemistry Department , University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra , Portugal
| | - Rachel C Evans
- School of Chemistry and CRANN , Trinity College , The University of Dublin , Dublin 2 , Ireland .
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Rodrigues PC, Fontes BD, Torres BBM, Sousa WS, Faria GC, Balogh DT, Faria RM, Akcelrud L. Synthesis of a PPV-fluorene derivative: Applications in luminescent devices. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paula C. Rodrigues
- Grupo de Polímeros; IFSC; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
- LaPPS; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba PR Brazil
- Departamento Acadêmico de Química e Biologia; DAQBi; Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná; Curitiba PR Brazil
| | | | - Bruno B. M. Torres
- Grupo de Polímeros; IFSC; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | | | - Gregório C. Faria
- Grupo de Polímeros; IFSC; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Debora T. Balogh
- Grupo de Polímeros; IFSC; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Roberto M. Faria
- Grupo de Polímeros; IFSC; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos SP Brazil
| | - Leni Akcelrud
- LaPPS; Universidade Federal do Paraná; Curitiba PR Brazil
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Zhao L, Liu CF, Xu WD, Jiang Y, Lai WY, Huang W. Donor–Acceptor Star-Shaped Conjugated Macroelectrolytes: Synthesis, Light-Harvesting Properties, and Self-Assembly-Induced Förster Resonance Energy Transfer. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:6730-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b02851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng-Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei-Dong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen-Yong Lai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays (KLOEID) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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Costa T, Marques AT, Seixas de Melo JS, Thomas AW, Garner LE, Scherf U, Bazan GC, Burrows HD. Self-assembly of poly{1,4-phenylene-[9,9-bis(4-phenoxy-butylsulfonate)]fluorene-2,7-diyl} with oppositely charged phenylenevinylene oligoelectrolytes. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:613-23. [PMID: 24359025 DOI: 10.1021/jp409577y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of the water-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) poly{1,4-phenylene-[9,9-bis(4-phenoxy-butylsulfonate)]fluorene-2,7-diyl} (PBS-PFP) (degree of polymerization, DP, ∼3-6) with various concentrations of a homologous series of oppositely charged amphiphilic phenylenevinylene oligomers was investigated in water:dioxane mixtures and in aqueous micellar solutions of the non-ionic surfactant n-dodecylpentaoxyethylene glycol ether. The excellent spectral overlap between the CPE fluorescence and the conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE) absorption indicates that energy transfer between these is a highly favored process, and can be tuned by changing the COE chain length. This is supported by time-resolved fluorescence data. The overall results provide support for different types of self-assembly, which are sensitive to the solvent environment and to the size of the phenylenevinylene oligoelectrolyte chain. It is suggested that large aggregates are formed in water:dioxane mixtures, while decorated core-shell structures are present in the surfactant solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Costa
- Centro de Química de Coimbra, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Davies ML, Douglas P, Burrows HD, Martincigh B, Miguel MDG, Scherf U, Mallavia R, Douglas A. In Depth Analysis of the Quenching of Three Fluorene–Phenylene-Based Cationic Conjugated Polyelectrolytes by DNA and DNA Bases. J Phys Chem B 2013; 118:460-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp409491d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L. Davies
- School
of Chemistry, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, U.K
| | - Peter Douglas
- Chemistry
Group, School of Engineering, Swansea University, Singleton Park Swansea, SA2 8PP, U.K
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Hugh D. Burrows
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bice Martincigh
- School
of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Maria da Graça Miguel
- Departamento
de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Makromolekulare
Chemie, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, 42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ricardo Mallavia
- Instituto
de Biologia Molecular y Celular, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche 03202, Spain
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