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Quantum chemical calculations of formation enthalpies of cations and anions of ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Raval HD, Modi R, Dave K, Raviya M. Selectivity enhancement of oxidative degraded reverse osmosis membrane by chitosan–tannic acid treatment. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiren D. Raval
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division CSIR‐Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR‐CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) Bhavnagar Gujarat India
| | - Richa Modi
- Gujarat Technological University Ahmedabad Gujarat India
| | - Kaushik Dave
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division CSIR‐Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR‐CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) Bhavnagar Gujarat India
| | - Mayur Raviya
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division CSIR‐Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR‐CSMCRI), Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR) Bhavnagar Gujarat India
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3
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Noorhisham NA, Amri D, Mohamed AH, Yahaya N, Ahmad NM, Mohamad S, Kamaruzaman S, Osman H. Characterisation techniques for analysis of imidazolium-based ionic liquids and application in polymer preparation: A review. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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4
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Zaitsau DH, Siewert R, Pimerzin AA, Bülow M, Held C, Loor M, Schulz S, Verevkin SP. From volatility to solubility: Thermodynamics of imidazolium-based ionic liquids containing chloride and bromide anions. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Krishna PM, Polisetti V, Damarla K, Mandal SK, Kumar A. Improved biorefinery pathways of marine diatoms using a water miscible ionic liquid and its colloidal solution: efficient lipid extraction and in situ synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots for bio-imaging applications. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21207-21215. [PMID: 35478834 PMCID: PMC9034194 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01425k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a water-miscible ‘classic’ ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumacetate ([EMIM][Ac]), has been used for lipid extraction from marine diatoms Thalassiosira lundiana CSIR-CSMCRI 001 by following a non-polar solvent partition method. The composition of lipid was determined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 91.4 mg g−1 (dry wt) of lipid was produced, out of which the percentage of docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), myristic acid, palmitic acid, and arachidonic acid was 19.6%, 15.1%, 11.2%, and 10.4%, respectively. The IL-inseparable residual waste solution was directly used to generate green fluorescent carbon dots (FCDs) by constructing a colloidal solution with the help of a surface-active IL, choline dioctyl sulfosuccinate ([Cho][AOT]). The stability of colloidal FCDs was examined using FTIR, FT-NMR, and Raman spectroscopy. FCDs were extracted from the colloidal solutions via the demicellization process and characterized using HR-TEM (2 to 5 nm) and PXRD techniques. The optical properties of colloidal FCDs were measured using UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy and showed a wide range of emission (λ460 nm to λ590 nm). Such FCD stabilized colloidal solutions could be effectively used in fluorescence imaging of yeast cells, thus making the biorefinery approach more sustainable. In this study, a water-miscible ionic liquid (IL), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumacetate ([EMIM][Ac]), has been used for lipid extraction from marine diatoms Thalassiosira lundiana CSIR-CSMCRI 001 by following a non-polar solvent partition method.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Paidi Murali Krishna
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad
- India
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar
| | | | - Krishnaiah Damarla
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad
- India
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar
| | - Subir Kumar Mandal
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad
- India
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- Ghaziabad
- India
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute
- Bhavnagar
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6
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Yermalayeu AV, Varfolomeev MA, Verevkin SP. Symmetry vs. asymmetry – Enthalpic differences in imidazolium-based ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Zaitsau DH, Verevkin SP. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids containing FAP anion: Thermodynamic study. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Effect of anion on thermophysical properties of N , N -diethanolammonium based protic ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Izgorodina EI, Seeger ZL, Scarborough DLA, Tan SYS. Quantum Chemical Methods for the Prediction of Energetic, Physical, and Spectroscopic Properties of Ionic Liquids. Chem Rev 2017; 117:6696-6754. [PMID: 28139908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The accurate prediction of physicochemical properties of condensed systems is a longstanding goal of theoretical (quantum) chemistry. Ionic liquids comprising entirely of ions provide a unique challenge in this respect due to the diverse chemical nature of available ions and the complex interplay of intermolecular interactions among them, thus resulting in the wide variability of physicochemical properties, such as thermodynamic, transport, and spectroscopic properties. It is well understood that intermolecular forces are directly linked to physicochemical properties of condensed systems, and therefore, an understanding of this relationship would greatly aid in the design and synthesis of functionalized materials with tailored properties for an application at hand. This review aims to give an overview of how electronic structure properties obtained from quantum chemical methods such as interaction/binding energy and its fundamental components, dipole moment, polarizability, and orbital energies, can help shed light on the energetic, physical, and spectroscopic properties of semi-Coulomb systems such as ionic liquids. Particular emphasis is given to the prediction of their thermodynamic, transport, spectroscopic, and solubilizing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I Izgorodina
- Monash Computational Chemistry Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University , 17 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Zoe L Seeger
- Monash Computational Chemistry Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University , 17 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - David L A Scarborough
- Monash Computational Chemistry Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University , 17 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Samuel Y S Tan
- Monash Computational Chemistry Group, School of Chemistry, Monash University , 17 Rainforest Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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10
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Yermalayeu AV, Zaitsau DH, Loor M, Schaumann J, Emel'yanenko VN, Schulz S, Verevkin SP. Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquids: Impact of the Cation Symmetry and Alkyl Chain Length on the Enthalpy of Vaporization. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei V. Yermalayeu
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Department “Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter”; University of Rostock; Dr-Lorenz-Weg 1 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Dzmitry H. Zaitsau
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya Str. 18 420008 Kazan Russia
| | - Manuel Loor
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstrasse 5-7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Julian Schaumann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstrasse 5-7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Vladimir N. Emel'yanenko
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Department “Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter”; University of Rostock; Dr-Lorenz-Weg 1 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Stephan Schulz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and; University of Duisburg-Essen; Universitätsstrasse 5-7 45117 Essen Germany
| | - Sergey P. Verevkin
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Department “Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter”; University of Rostock; Dr-Lorenz-Weg 1 18059 Rostock Germany
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11
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Zaitsau DH, Yermalayeu AV, Emel'yanenko VN, Schulz A, Verevkin SP. Thermochemistry of Pyridinium Based Ionic Liquids with Tetrafluoroborate Anion. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dzmitry H. Zaitsau
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Department “Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter”; University of Rostock; Dr-Lorenz-Weg 1 18059 Rostock Germany
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya Str. 18 420008 Kazan Russia
| | - Andrei V. Yermalayeu
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Department “Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter”; University of Rostock; Dr-Lorenz-Weg 1 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Vladimir N. Emel'yanenko
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Department “Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter”; University of Rostock; Dr-Lorenz-Weg 1 18059 Rostock Germany
- Department of Physical Chemistry; Kazan Federal University; Kremlevskaya Str. 18 420008 Kazan Russia
| | - Axel Schulz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein Str. 3a 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Sergey P. Verevkin
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Department “Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter”; University of Rostock; Dr-Lorenz-Weg 1 18059 Rostock Germany
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12
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Zaitsau DH, Yermalayeu AV, Emel’yanenko VN, Butler S, Schubert T, Verevkin SP. Thermodynamics of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids Containing PF6 Anions. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:7949-57. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b06081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vladimir N. Emel’yanenko
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya str. 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Simon Butler
- Eduard-Zintl-Institut
für Anorganische und Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Thomas Schubert
- IoLiTec Ionic Liquids Technologies GmbH, Salzstrasse 184, D-74076 Heilbronn, Germany
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13
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Preiss UP, Zaitsau DH, Beichel W, Himmel D, Higelin A, Merz K, Caesar N, Verevkin SP. Estimation of Lattice Enthalpies of Ionic Liquids Supported by Hirshfeld Analysis. Chemphyschem 2015. [PMID: 26220667 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
New measurements of vaporization enthalpies for 15 1:1 ionic liquids are performed by using a quartz-crystal microbalance. Collection and analysis of 33 available crystal structures of organic salts, which comprise 13 different cations and 12 anions, is performed. Their dissociation lattice enthalpies are calculated by a combination of experimental and quantum chemical quantities and are divided into the relaxation and Coulomb components to give an insight into elusive short-range interaction enthalpies. An empirical equation is developed, based on interaction-specific Hirshfeld surfaces and solvation enthalpies, which enables the estimation of the lattice enthalpy by using only the crystal-structure data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich P Preiss
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials, Simulation (ICAMS), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum (Germany)
| | - Dzmitry H Zaitsau
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya Street 18, 420008 Kazan (Russia)
| | - Witali Beichel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany).,Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany)
| | - Daniel Himmel
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany)
| | - Alexander Higelin
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstr. 34-36, 14195 Berlin (Germany)
| | - Klaus Merz
- Anorganische Chemie I, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44780 Bochum (Germany)
| | - Niklas Caesar
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Advanced Materials, Simulation (ICAMS), Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum (Germany)
| | - Sergey P Verevkin
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Rostock, Dr.-Lorenz-Weg 1, 18059 Rostock (Germany)
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14
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Vilas M, Rocha MAA, Fernandes AM, Tojo E, Santos LMNBF. Novel 2-alkyl-1-ethylpyridinium ionic liquids: synthesis, dissociation energies and volatility. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:2560-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05191b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Overlapping of the electrostatic and van der Waals functional interaction potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Vilas
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Vigo
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Vigo
- Spain
| | - Marisa A. A. Rocha
- CIQ
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
- Porto
- Portugal
| | - Ana M. Fernandes
- QOPNA Unit
- Departamento de Química
- Universidade de Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Emilia Tojo
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Vigo
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Vigo
- Spain
| | - Luís M. N. B. F. Santos
- CIQ
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
- Porto
- Portugal
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15
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Clough MT, Crick CR, Gräsvik J, Hunt PA, Niedermeyer H, Welton T, Whitaker OP. A physicochemical investigation of ionic liquid mixtures. Chem Sci 2014; 6:1101-1114. [PMID: 29560198 PMCID: PMC5811077 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc02931c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionic liquids have earned the reputation of being 'designer solvents' due to the wide range of accessible properties and the degree of fine-tuning afforded by varying the constituent ions. Mixtures of ionic liquids offer the opportunity for further fine-tuning of properties. A broad selection of common ionic liquid cations and anions are employed to create a sample of binary and reciprocal binary ionic liquid mixtures, which are analysed and described in this paper. Physical properties such as the conductivity, viscosity, density and phase behaviour (glass transition temperatures) are examined. In addition, thermal stabilities of the mixtures are evaluated. The physical properties examined for these formulations are found to generally adhere remarkably closely to ideal mixing laws, with a few consistent exceptions, allowing for the facile prediction and control of properties of ionic liquid mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Clough
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . ;
| | - Colin R Crick
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . ;
| | - John Gräsvik
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . ;
| | - Patricia A Hunt
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . ;
| | - Heiko Niedermeyer
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . ;
| | - Tom Welton
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London , London , SW7 2AZ , UK . ;
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16
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Avó J, Cunha-Silva L, Lima JC, Jorge Parola A. Design and synthesis of photoactive ionic liquids. Org Lett 2014; 16:2582-5. [PMID: 24787141 DOI: 10.1021/ol501111d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Two ionic liquids with photoisomerizable p-hydroxycinnamic acid moieties were synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography and DSC, and their photochemistry was studied in solution and neat conditions. Irradiation at absorption maxima led to trans-cis photoisomerization and resulted in significant reduction of melting temperatures of the ionic liquids. X-ray structures of both compounds show an intricate network of supramolecular interactions before irradiation. Physical and chemical transformations are completely reversible upon irradiation at lower wavelengths of ionic liquid solutions in acetonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Avó
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa , 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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17
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Lovelock KRJ, Armstrong JP, Licence P, Jones RG. Vaporisation and thermal decomposition of dialkylimidazolium halide ion ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:1339-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52950a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Verevkin SP, Emel'yanenko VN, Notario R, Roux MV, Chickos JS, Liebman JF. Rediscovering the Wheel. Thermochemical Analysis of Energetics of the Aromatic Diazines. J Phys Chem Lett 2012; 3:3454-3459. [PMID: 26290972 DOI: 10.1021/jz301524c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey P Verevkin
- †Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr-Lorenz-Weg 1, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
- ‡Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, Department of "Science and Technology of Life, Light and Matter", University of Rostock, Germany
| | - Vladimir N Emel'yanenko
- †Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr-Lorenz-Weg 1, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rafael Notario
- §Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Victoria Roux
- §Instituto de Química Física "Rocasolano", CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - James S Chickos
- ∥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Joel F Liebman
- ⊥Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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Verevkin SP, Zaitsau DH, Emel'yanenko VN, Schick C, Jayaraman S, Maginn EJ. An elegant access to formation and vaporization enthalpies of ionic liquids by indirect DSC experiment and “in silico” calculations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:6915-7. [PMID: 22674060 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc31504a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey P Verevkin
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Rostock, Dr-Lorenz-Weg. 1, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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Verevkin SP, Zaitsau DH, Emel'yanenko VN, Ralys RV, Schick C, Geppert-Rybczyńska M, Jayaraman S, Maginn EJ. Benchmark Values: Thermochemistry of the Ionic Liquid [C4Py][Cl]. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used for the determination of the reaction enthalpy of the synthesis of the ionic liquid [C4Py][Cl] from pyridine and butyl chloride. A combination of DSC results with quantum chemical calculations presents an indirect technique to obtain enthalpy of vaporization of [C4Py][Cl]. In order to ascertain this indirect value, we used thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) to derive enthalpy of vaporization directly from the isothermal mass-loss measurements. This new procedure was additionally validated with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations.
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