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An R, Wu N, Gao Q, Dong Y, Laaksonen A, Shah FU, Ji X, Fuchs H. Integrative studies of ionic liquid interface layers: bridging experiments, theoretical models and simulations. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:506-535. [PMID: 38356335 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00007b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are a class of salts existing in the liquid state below 100 °C, possessing low volatility, high thermal stability as well as many highly attractive solvent and electrochemical capabilities, etc., making them highly tunable for a great variety of applications, such as lubricants, electrolytes, and soft functional materials. In many applications, ILs are first either physi- or chemisorbed on a solid surface to successively create more functional materials. The functions of ILs at solid surfaces can differ considerably from those of bulk ILs, mainly due to distinct interfacial layers with tunable structures resulting in new ionic liquid interface layer properties and enhanced performance. Due to an almost infinite number of possible combinations among the cations and anions to form ILs, the diversity of various solid surfaces, as well as different external conditions and stimuli, a detailed molecular-level understanding of their structure-property relationship is of utmost significance for a judicious design of IL-solid interfaces with appropriate properties for task-specific applications. Many experimental techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, surface force apparatus, and so on, have been used for studying the ion structuring of the IL interface layer. Molecular Dynamics simulations have been widely used to investigate the microscopic behavior of the IL interface layer. To interpret and clarify the IL structure and dynamics as well as to predict their properties, it is always beneficial to combine both experiments and simulations as close as possible. In another theoretical model development to bridge the structure and properties of the IL interface layer with performance, thermodynamic prediction & property modeling has been demonstrated as an effective tool to add the properties and function of the studied nanomaterials. Herein, we present recent findings from applying the multiscale triangle "experiment-simulation-thermodynamic modeling" in the studies of ion structuring of ILs in the vicinity of solid surfaces, as well as how it qualitatively and quantitatively correlates to the overall ILs properties, performance, and function. We introduce the most common techniques behind "experiment-simulation-thermodynamic modeling" and how they are applied for studying the IL interface layer structuring, and we highlight the possibilities of the IL interface layer structuring in applications such as lubrication and energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong An
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
| | - Nanhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Qingwei Gao
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yihui Dong
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Aatto Laaksonen
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden.
- Center of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers, ''Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi 700469, Romania
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Faiz Ullah Shah
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Xiaoyan Ji
- Energy Engineering, Division of Energy Science, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
- Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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2
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Kondrat S, Feng G, Bresme F, Urbakh M, Kornyshev AA. Theory and Simulations of Ionic Liquids in Nanoconfinement. Chem Rev 2023; 123:6668-6715. [PMID: 37163447 PMCID: PMC10214387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have exciting properties such as nonvolatility, large electrochemical windows, and remarkable variety, drawing much interest in energy storage, gating, electrocatalysis, tunable lubrication, and other applications. Confined RTILs appear in various situations, for instance, in pores of nanostructured electrodes of supercapacitors and batteries, as such electrodes increase the contact area with RTILs and enhance the total capacitance and stored energy, between crossed cylinders in surface force balance experiments, between a tip and a sample in atomic force microscopy, and between sliding surfaces in tribology experiments, where RTILs act as lubricants. The properties and functioning of RTILs in confinement, especially nanoconfinement, result in fascinating structural and dynamic phenomena, including layering, overscreening and crowding, nanoscale capillary freezing, quantized and electrotunable friction, and superionic state. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the fundamental physical phenomena controlling the properties of such systems and the current state-of-the-art theoretical and simulation approaches developed for their description. We discuss these approaches sequentially by increasing atomistic complexity, paying particular attention to new physical phenomena emerging in nanoscale confinement. This review covers theoretical models, most of which are based on mapping the problems on pertinent statistical mechanics models with exact analytical solutions, allowing systematic analysis and new physical insights to develop more easily. We also describe a classical density functional theory, which offers a reliable and computationally inexpensive tool to account for some microscopic details and correlations that simplified models often fail to consider. Molecular simulations play a vital role in studying confined ionic liquids, enabling deep microscopic insights otherwise unavailable to researchers. We describe the basics of various simulation approaches and discuss their challenges and applicability to specific problems, focusing on RTIL structure in cylindrical and slit confinement and how it relates to friction and capacitive and dynamic properties of confined ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svyatoslav Kondrat
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute
for Computational Physics, University of
Stuttgart, Stuttgart 70569, Germany
| | - Guang Feng
- State
Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
- Nano
Interface Centre for Energy, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fernando Bresme
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ,United Kingdom
- Thomas Young
Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- London
Centre for Nanotechnology, Imperial College
London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Urbakh
- School
of Chemistry and the Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and
Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Alexei A. Kornyshev
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research
Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ,United Kingdom
- Thomas Young
Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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3
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Jildani SR, Keshavarzi E. Exploring the electrosorption and surface charge amplification at the ionic liquid/cavity interface: influence of imidazolium alkyl chain length and the size of the spherical cavities of the porous electrode. Electrochim Acta 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2023.142314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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4
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Rabiei Jildani S, Keshavarzi E. Influence of cation shape asymmetry on the interfacial features and capacitance curve of ionic liquids inside the spherical cavity of the porous electrode as an ionic liquid-based supercapacitor. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Goodwin ZA, Kornyshev AA. Cracking Ion Pairs in the Electrical Double Layer of Ionic Liquids. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Sun Y, Li Y. Application of surface complexation modeling on adsorption of uranium at water-solid interface: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116861. [PMID: 33714063 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Precise prediction of uranium adsorption at water-mineral interface is of great significance for the safe disposal of radionuclides in geologic environments. Surface complexation modeling (SCM) as a very useful tool has been extensively investigated for simulating adsorption behavior of metals/metalloids at water-mineral interface. Numerous studies concerning the fitting of uranium adsorption on various adsorbents using SCM are well documented, but the systematic and comprehensive review of uranium adsorption using various SCM is not available. In this review, we briefly summarized the rationale of SCM, including constant-capacitance-model (CCM), diffuse-layer-model (DLM), triple-layer-model (TLM); The recent progress in the application of SCM on the fitting of uranium adsorption towards metal (hydr)oxides, clay minerals and soil/sediments was reviewed in details. This review hopefully provides the beneficial guidelines for predicting the transport and fate of uranium in geologic environments beyond laboratory timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Sun
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
| | - Ying Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
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7
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Lamperski S, Bhuiyan LB. Entropy formation of an electrical double layer with divalent off-centre charge cations: Monte Carlo studies. Mol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2021.1918774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Lamperski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - Lutful Bari Bhuiyan
- Department of Physics, Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
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de Souza JP, Goodwin ZAH, McEldrew M, Kornyshev AA, Bazant MZ. Interfacial Layering in the Electric Double Layer of Ionic Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:116001. [PMID: 32975984 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.116001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ions in ionic liquids and concentrated electrolytes reside in a crowded, strongly interacting environment, leading to the formation of discrete layers of charges at interfaces and spin-glass structure in the bulk. Here, we propose a simple theory that captures the coupling between steric and electrostatic forces in ionic liquids. The theory predicts the formation of discrete layers of charge at charged interfaces. Further from the interface, or at low polarization of the electrode, the model outputs slowly decaying oscillations in the charge density with a wavelength of a single ion diameter, as shown by analysis of the gradient expansion. The gradient expansion suggests a new structure for partial differential equations describing the electrostatic potential at charged interfaces. We find quantitative agreement between the theory and molecular simulations in the differential capacitance and concentration profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pedro de Souza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Zachary A H Goodwin
- Department of Physics, CDT Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College of London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael McEldrew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Alexei A Kornyshev
- Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of London, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Z Bazant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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9
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Lamperski S, Henderson D, Bhuiyan LB. Off-centre charge model of the planar electric double layer for asymmetric 2:1/1:2 valencies. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1642527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Lamperski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, Poznań, Poland
| | - Douglas Henderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Lutful Bari Bhuiyan
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
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10
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Lamperski S, Bhuiyan LB, Henderson D. Off-center charge model revisited: Electrical double layer with multivalent cations. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:084706. [PMID: 30193502 DOI: 10.1063/1.5048309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The off-center charge model of ions is a relatively simple model for introducing asymmetry in Coulomb interaction while retaining the simplicity and convenience of the spherical hard core geometry. A Monte Carlo simulation analysis of the planar electric double layer formed by this ionic model for 1+:1- valence systems [S. Lamperski et al., Langmuir 33, 11554-11560 (2017)] is extended to include solutions of multivalent (2+, 3+) hard spherical cations and single valence (1-) hard spherical anions near a uniformly charged, planar electrode. The solvent is modelled as a uniform dielectric continuum with a dielectric constant equal to that of the pure solvent, viz., the primitive model. Results are reported for the ion density, the cation charge profile, and the electrostatic potential profile at 1 mol/dm3 salt concentration. Additionally, the double layer potential drop, that is, the electrode potential, and the integral and the differential capacitances are computed as functions of the electrode surface charge density. The latter two quantities show an expected asymmetry as long as the cation valence is not too great and the charge of the off-center ion cannot approach too close to the electrode surface. It is unusual that the integral and differential capacitances are negative for high valence cations and a negatively charged electrode when the off-center charge is large and can be very near the surface of the electrode. The corresponding electrode potential versus surface charge density curve becomes non-monotonic and shows a change of slope, and thus the resultant integral and differential capacitances can become negative. This nonphysical result is the result of an incipient singularity when a large positive charge is too near a negatively charged electrode. Overall, the off-center charge model suggests a useful recipe to model electrical asymmetry within the broader context of the primitive model provided that the off-center charge is not too near the surface of the electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Lamperski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lutful Bari Bhuiyan
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3343, USA
| | - Douglas Henderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA
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11
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Chen M, Goodwin ZA, Feng G, Kornyshev AA. On the temperature dependence of the double layer capacitance of ionic liquids. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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The effect of dispersion interactions on the structure and performance of electrical double layer of ionic liquids. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Yu Z, Zhang F, Huang J, Sumpter BG, Qiao R. Ionic liquids-mediated interactions between nanorods. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:134704. [PMID: 28987112 DOI: 10.1063/1.5005541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface forces mediated by room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) play an essential role in diverse applications including self-assembly, lubrication, and electrochemical energy storage. Therefore, their fundamental understanding is critical. Using molecular simulations, we study the interactions between two nanorods immersed in model RTILs at rod-rod separations where both structural and double layer forces are important. The interaction force between neutral rods oscillates as the two rods approach each other, similar to the classical structural forces. Such oscillatory force originates from the density oscillation of RTILs near each rod and is affected by the packing constraints imposed by the neighboring rods. The oscillation period and decay length of the oscillatory force are mainly dictated by the ion density distribution near isolated nanorods. When charges are introduced on the rods, the interaction force remains short-range and oscillatory, similar to the interactions between planar walls mediated by some protic RTILs reported earlier. Nevertheless, introducing net charges to the rods greatly changes the rod-rod interactions, e.g., by delaying the appearance of the first force trough and increasing the oscillation period and decay length of the interaction force. The oscillation period and decay length of the oscillatory force and free energy are commensurate with those of the space charge density near an isolated, charged rod. The free energy of rod-rod interactions reaches local minima (maxima) at rod-rod separations when the space charges near the two rods interfere constructively (destructively). The insight on the short-range interactions between nanorods in RTILs helps guide the design of novel materials, e.g., ionic composites based on rigid-rod polyanions and RTILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Fei Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Jingsong Huang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Bobby G Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Rui Qiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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14
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Yang G, Neretnieks I, Holmboe M. Atomistic simulations of cation hydration in sodium and calcium montmorillonite nanopores. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:084705. [PMID: 28863548 DOI: 10.1063/1.4992001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last four decades, numerous studies have been directed to the swelling smectite-rich clays in the context of high-level radioactive waste applications and waste-liners for contaminated sites. The swelling properties of clay mineral particles arise due to hydration of the interlayer cations and the diffuse double layers formed near the negatively charged montmorillonite (MMT) surfaces. To accurately study the cation hydration in the interlayer nanopores of MMT, solvent-solute and solvent-clay surface interactions (i.e., the solvation effects and the shape effects) on the atomic level should be taken into account, in contrast to many recent electric double layer based methodologies using continuum models. Therefore, in this research we employed fully atomistic simulations using classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the software package GROMACS along with the CLAYFF forcefield and the SPC/E water model. We present the ion distributions and the deformation of the hydrated coordination structures, i.e., the hydration shells of Na+ and Ca2+ in the interlayer, respectively, for MMT in the first-layer, the second-layer, the third-layer, the fourth-layer, and the fifth-layer (1W, 2W, 3W, 4W, and 5W) hydrate states. Our MD simulations show that Na+ in Na-MMT nanopores have an affinity to the ditrigonal cavities of the clay layers and form transient inner-sphere complexes at about 3.8 Å from clay midplane at water contents less than the 5W hydration state. However, these phenomena are not observed in Ca-MMT regardless of swelling states. For Na-MMT, each Na+ is coordinated to four water molecules and one oxygen atom of the clay basal-plane in the first hydration shell at the 1W hydration state, and with five to six water molecules in the first hydration shell within a radius of 3.1 Å at all higher water contents. In Ca-MMT, however each Ca2+ is coordinated to approximately seven water molecules in the first hydration shell at the 1W hydration state and about eight water molecules in the first hydration shell within a radius of 3.3 Å at all higher hydration states. Moreover, the MD results show that the complete hydration shells are nearly spherical with an orthogonal coordination sphere. They could only be formed when the basal spacing d001 ≥ 18.7 Å, i.e., approximately, the interlayer separation h ≥ 10 Å. Comparison between DFT and MD simulations shows that DFT failed to reproduce the outer-sphere complexes in the Stern-layer (within ∼5.0 Å from the clay basal-plane), observed in the MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivars Neretnieks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Structure and capacitance of an electric double layer of an asymmetric valency dimer electrolyte: A comparison of the density functional theory with Monte Carlo simulations. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Goodwin ZA, Feng G, Kornyshev AA. Mean-Field Theory of Electrical Double Layer In Ionic Liquids with Account of Short-Range Correlations. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Cheng Lian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, CA, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai, P.R.China
| | - Douglas Henderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University , Provo, UT, USA
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California , Riverside, CA, USA
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18
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Wang ZY, Ma Z. Examining the Contributions of Image-Charge Forces to Charge Reversal: Discrete Versus Continuum Modeling of Surface Charges. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:2880-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Wang
- School
of Optoelectronic Information, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Zengwei Ma
- School
of Optoelectronic Information, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
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19
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He Y, Qiao R, Vatamanu J, Borodin O, Bedrov D, Huang J, Sumpter BG. Importance of Ion Packing on the Dynamics of Ionic Liquids during Micropore Charging. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:36-42. [PMID: 26641287 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Molecular simulations of the diffusion of EMIM(+) and TFSI(-) ions in slit-shaped micropores under conditions similar to those during charging show that in pores that accommodate only a single layer of ions, ions diffuse increasingly faster as the pore becomes charged (with diffusion coefficients even reaching ∼5 × 10(-9) m(2)/s), unless the pore becomes very highly charged. In pores wide enough to fit more than one layer of ions, ion diffusion is slower than in the bulk and changes modestly as the pore becomes charged. Analysis of these results revealed that the fast (or slow) diffusion of ions inside a micropore during charging is correlated most strongly with the dense (or loose) ion packing inside the pore. The molecular details of the ions and the precise width of the pores modify these trends weakly, except when the pore is so narrow that the ion conformation relaxation is strongly constrained by the pore walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Rui Qiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech , Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jenel Vatamanu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Oleg Borodin
- Electrochemistry Branch, U.S. Army Research Laboratory , Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Dmitry Bedrov
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jingsong Huang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bobby G Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computer Science & Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Bethel Valley Road, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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Silvestre-Alcantara W, Kaja M, Henderson D, Lamperski S, Bhuiyan L. Structure and capacitance of an electric double layer formed by fused dimer cations and monomer anions: a Monte Carlo simulation study. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1083132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Silvestre-Alcantara W, Henderson D, Wu J, Kaja M, Lamperski S, Bhuiyan LB. Structure of an electric double layer containing a 2:2 valency dimer electrolyte. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 449:175-9. [PMID: 25529333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The structure of a planar electric double layer formed by a 2:2 valency dimer electrolyte in the vicinity of a uniformly charged planar hard electrode is investigated using density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations. The dimer electrolyte consists of a mixture of charged divalent dimers and charged divalent monomers in a dielectric continuum. A dimer is constructed by two tangentially tethered rigid spheres, one of which is divalent and positively charged and the other neutral, whereas the monomer is a divalent and negatively charged rigid sphere. The density functional theory reproduces well the simulation results for (i) the singlet distributions of the various ion species with respect to the electrode, and (ii) the mean electrostatic potential. Comparison with earlier results for a 2:1/1:2 dimer electrolyte shows that the double layer structure is similar when the counterion has the same valency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Douglas Henderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602-5700, USA
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0425, USA
| | - Monika Kaja
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Stanisław Lamperski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lutful Bari Bhuiyan
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936-8377, USA.
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22
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Density functional theory study of the capacitance of single file ions in a narrow cylinder. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 449:130-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hayes
- Discipline
of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Gregory G. Warr
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rob Atkin
- Discipline
of Chemistry, The University of Newcastle, NSW 2308, Callaghan, Australia
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24
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Henderson D, Lamperski S, Bari Bhuiyan L, Wu J. The tail effect on the shape of an electrical double layer differential capacitance curve. J Chem Phys 2015; 138:144704. [PMID: 24981541 DOI: 10.1063/1.4799886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The differential capacitance curve for the double layer formed by an electrolyte dissolved in a solvent is commonly believed to be parabolic-like with a minimum at low electrolyte charge concentration and low electrode surface charge density, and independent of electrolyte concentration at high electrolyte concentrations and high electrode charge and would be, in the absence of solvent effects, featureless at these latter conditions. This is the prediction of the popular Gouy-Chapman-Stern theory. In contrast, for an ionic liquid this curve can have a single or a double hump (or a bell or camel shape). Fedorov et al. [Electrochem. Commun. 12, 296 (2010)]10.1016/j.elecom.2009.12.019 have related these humps, particularly the double hump, to the neutral tails of ions in many ionic liquids. Evidence presented here shows, however, that such humps are general features of the differential capacitance of a double layer, whether it be formed by ions with or without a neutral tail. The presence of a double or single hump results from the magnitude of the electrolyte charge concentration. For both spherical ions or non-spherical ions consisting of charged heads and neutral tails, the shape of the differential capacitance transforms continuously from a double hump to a single hump as the electrolyte concentration is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Henderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602-5700, USA
| | - Stanisław Lamperski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lutful Bari Bhuiyan
- Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3343, USA
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0425, USA
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25
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Kaja M, Silvestre-Alcantara W, Lamperski S, Henderson D, Bhuiyan LB. Monte Carlo investigation of structure of an electric double layer formed by a valency asymmetric mixture of charged dimers and charged hard spheres. Mol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.968651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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26
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Zhou S, Lamperski S, Zydorczak M. Properties of a planar electric double layer under extreme conditions investigated by classical density functional theory and Monte Carlo simulations. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:064701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4892415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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27
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Frischknecht AL, Halligan DO, Parks ML. Electrical double layers and differential capacitance in molten salts from density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:054708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4891368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deaglan O. Halligan
- Department of Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Michael L. Parks
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim V Fedorov
- Department of Physics, Scottish University Physics Alliance (SUPA), University of Strathclyde , John Anderson Bldg, 107 Rottenrow, Glasgow, G4 0NG United Kingdom
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29
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Jiang J, Cao D, Henderson D, Wu J. Revisiting density functionals for the primitive model of electric double layers. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:044714. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4862990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Lamperski S, Sosnowska J, Bhuiyan LB, Henderson D. Size asymmetric hard spheres as a convenient model for the capacitance of the electrical double layer of an ionic liquid. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:014704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4851456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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31
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Lamperski S, Kaja M, Bhuiyan LB, Wu J, Henderson D. Influence of anisotropic ion shape on structure and capacitance of an electric double layer: A Monte Carlo and density functional study. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:054703. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4817325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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32
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Jiang DE, Wu J. Microscopic Insights into the Electrochemical Behavior of Nonaqueous Electrolytes in Electric Double-Layer Capacitors. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1260-1267. [PMID: 26282139 DOI: 10.1021/jz4002967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) are electrical devices that store energy by adsorption of ionic species at the inner surface of porous electrodes. Compared with aqueous electrolytes, ionic liquid and organic electrolytes have the advantage of larger potential windows, making them attractive for the next generation of EDLCs with superior energy and power densities. The performance of both ionic liquid and organic electrolyte EDLCs hinges on the judicious selection of the electrode pore size and the electrolyte composition, which requires a comprehension of the charging behavior from a microscopic view. In this Perspective, we discuss predictions from the classical density functional theory (CDFT) on the dependence of the capacitance on the pore size for ionic liquid and organic electrolyte EDLCs. CDFT is applicable to electrodes with the pore size ranging from that below the ionic dimensionality to mesoscopic scales, thus unique for investigating the electrochemical behavior of the confined electrolytes for EDLC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-En Jiang
- †Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- ‡Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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33
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Xing L, Vatamanu J, Borodin O, Bedrov D. On the Atomistic Nature of Capacitance Enhancement Generated by Ionic Liquid Electrolyte Confined in Subnanometer Pores. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:132-140. [PMID: 26291225 DOI: 10.1021/jz301782f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The capacitance enhancement experimentally observed in electrodes with complex morphology of random subnanometer wide pores is an intriguing phenomena, yet the mechanisms for such enhancement are not completely understood. Our atomistic molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that in subnanometer slit-geometry nanopores, a factor of 2 capacitance enhancement (compared to a flat electrode) is possible for the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIM)-bis(trifluoro-methylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI) ionic liquid electrolyte. This capacitance enhancement is a result of a fast charge separation inside the nanopore due to abrupt expulsion of co-ions from the pore while maintaining an elevated counterion density due to strong screening of electrostatic repulsive interactions by the conductive pore. Importantly, we find that the capacitance enhancement can be very asymmetric. For the negatively charged 7.5 Å wide pore, the integral capacitance is 100% larger than on a flat surface; however, on the positive electrode, almost no enhancement is observed. Detailed analysis of structure and composition of electrolyte inside nanopores shows that the capacitance enhancement and the shape of differential capacitance strongly depend on the details of the ion chemical structure and a delicate balance of ion-surface and ion-ion interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Xing
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 122 South Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
- ‡School of Chemistry and Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jenel Vatamanu
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 122 South Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Oleg Borodin
- §Electrochemistry Branch, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Dmitry Bedrov
- †Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Utah, 122 South Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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34
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Hu Z, Vatamanu J, Borodin O, Bedrov D. A molecular dynamics simulation study of the electric double layer and capacitance of [BMIM][PF6] and [BMIM][BF4] room temperature ionic liquids near charged surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:14234-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51218e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Henderson D, Jiang DE, Jin Z, Wu J. Application of Density Functional Theory To Study the Double Layer of an Electrolyte with an Explicit Dimer Model for the Solvent. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:11356-61. [DOI: 10.1021/jp305400z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Henderson
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Brigham Young University,
Provo, Utah 84602-5700, United States
| | - De-en Jiang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
37831, United States
| | - Zhehui Jin
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental
Engineering, University of California,
Riverside, California 92521-0425, United States
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental
Engineering, University of California,
Riverside, California 92521-0425, United States
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