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Tang L, Qin F, Gong D, Dong Y, Pan L, Zhou C, Yin Q, Song X, Ling R, Huang J, Fan Q, Yi W, Wu F, Wu X, Zhang W, Yang J, Wang JY. Long-term sciatic nerve block led by a supramolecular arrangement of self-delivery local anesthetic nano systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37326382 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02269b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Classical local anesthetics are unsuitable to treat regional pain lasting several days due to their limited duration and systemic toxicity. Self-delivery nano systems without excipients were designed for long-term sensory blocks. 1a self-assembled into different vehicles with different fractions of intermolecular π-π stacking, transported itself into nerve cells, and released single molecules slowly to achieve long-term duration for rats' sciatic nerve block for 11.6 h in water, 12.1 h in water with CO2 and 3.4 h in NS (normal saline). After the counter ions were changed to SO42-, 1e can self-assemble into vesicles and prolong the duration to 43.2 h, which was much longer than the 3.8 h led by (s)-bupivacaine hydrocloride (0.75%). This was mainly caused by the enhancement of self-release and counter ion exchange inside nerve cells, which were affected by the gemini surfactant structure, pKa of the counter ions and π-π stacking interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Feng Qin
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Deying Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yu Dong
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Structural Optimization and Application of Functional Molecules, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China
| | - LiLi Pan
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Changcui Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qinqin Yin
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Xinghai Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Rui Ling
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Junlong Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Qin Fan
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Yi
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Fengbo Wu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoai Wu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China.
- Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu, P. R. China.
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Vanadium Electrolyte for All-Vanadium Redox-Flow Batteries: The Effect of the Counter Ion. BATTERIES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/batteries5010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, 1.6 M vanadium electrolytes in the oxidation forms V(III) and V(V) were prepared from V(IV) in sulfuric (4.7 M total sulphate), V(IV) in hydrochloric (6.1 M total chloride) acids, as well as from 1:1 mol mixture of V(III) and V(IV) (denoted as V3.5+) in hydrochloric (7.6 M total chloride) acid. These electrolyte solutions were investigated in terms of performance in vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The half-wave potentials of the V(III)/V(II) and V(V)/V(IV) couples, determined by cyclic voltammetry, and the electronic spectra of V(III) and V(IV) electrolyte samples, are discussed to reveal the effect of electrolyte matrix on charge-discharge behavior of a 40 cm2 cell operated with 1.6 M V3.5+ electrolytes in sulfuric and hydrochloric acids. Provided that the total vanadium concentration and the conductivity of electrolytes are comparable for both acids, respective energy efficiencies of 77% and 72–75% were attained at a current density of 50 mA∙cm−2. All electrolytes in the oxidation state V(V) were examined for chemical stability at room temperature and +45 °C by titrimetric determination of the molar ratio V(V):V(IV) and total vanadium concentration.
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Murillo F, Vargas-Caamal A, Pan S, Cabellos JL, Mora-Fonz MJ, Muñoz-Castro A, Restrepo A, Merino G. Does H 4SO 5 exist? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017. [PMID: 28636012 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01328k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The possible existence of H4SO5 in aqueous sulfuric acid is analyzed in detail. For bare H4SO5, the computed free energy barrier for the exergonic transformation of H4SO5 into the H2SO4H2O complex is only 3.8 kcal mol-1. The presence of water or sulfuric acid catalyzes the dehydration to such an extent that it becomes almost a barrierless process. In the gas phase, dehydration of H4SO5 is an autocatalytic reaction as the water molecule produced by the decomposition of one H4SO5 molecule induces further dissociation. Thus, in solution, the surrounding water molecules make the para-sulfuric acid a very vulnerable species to exist. The simulated Raman spectra also corroborate the absence of H4SO5 in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Murillo
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Unidad Mérida. Km 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso. Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310, Mérida, Yuc., Mexico.
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Niskanen J, Sahle CJ, Juurinen I, Koskelo J, Lehtola S, Verbeni R, Müller H, Hakala M, Huotari S. Protonation Dynamics and Hydrogen Bonding in Aqueous Sulfuric Acid. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:11732-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Niskanen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christoph J. Sahle
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- ESRF—The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Iina Juurinen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Koskelo
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roberto Verbeni
- ESRF—The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Harald Müller
- ESRF—The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mikko Hakala
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Abstract
According to the literature, when H(2)SO(4) dissolves in water, (1) it retains its molecular formula and tetrahedral structure of two O atoms and two OH groups bonded to a central S atom, and (2) it ionizes partially, as a 1-1 electrolyte, to H(+) (H(3)O(+)) and HSO(4)(-); the latter ion further dissociates at low concentrations (<0.1 M) to H(+) and SO(4)(2-). Using the Debye-Hückel (DH) limiting law at very low concentration, and the smaller-ion shell (SiS) model of strong electrolyte solutions-an extension of the DH model for ion size dissimilarity-up to moderate concentration, I examine the theory-experiment fit of the mean ionic activity coefficient (γ(±)) of the acid as a function of concentration (at 0 to ∼6 m) and of temperature (at 0-60 °C). The fit is impossible if H(2)SO(4) in water is assumed to be a 1-1 or 1-2 electrolyte, but is excellent when the acid is treated instead as a strong 1-3 electrolyte; that is, aqueous sulfuric acid behaves as a fully dissociated H(3)A acid. At 25 °C, the SiS best fit is achieved with the H(+) diameter being 1.16 Å (as obtained for strong mineral 1-1 protonic acids) and with the A(3-) ionic diameter being 5.77 Å. On the basis of the present study, H(2)SO(4) in water may be H(4)SO(5) (dubbed "sulfoxuric", or parasulfuric acid) completely ionized to 3H(+) and the ("bisulfoxate", or parabisulfate) anion HSO(5)(3-). The calculated standard potential of a newly proposed half-cell reaction, H(2) + HSO(5)(3-) ↔ H(+) + SO(4)(2-) + H(2)O + 2e(-), at 25 °C, is -1.0933 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Fraenkel
- Eltron Research & Development Inc., 4600 Nautilus Court South, Boulder, Colorado 80301-3241, USA.
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