1
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Kim A, Ahn Y, Li W, Park SH, Cho MJ, Choi DH, Yang H. Stretchable Semiconducting Polymers with Hydrogen-Bonding-Capable Conjugation Breakers: Synthesis and Application in Organic Thin-Film Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:58663-58672. [PMID: 38064280 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based conjugated copolymers are important organic semiconductors for applications in high-efficiency organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). However, the direct application of these polymers with rigid backbones in stretchable devices has limitations. In this study, we designed and synthesized three kinds of DPPBT-based copolymers, DPPBT-A1, DPPBT-A3, and DPPBT-A5, which have amide-coupled alkylene conjugation breakers capable of hydrogen bonding. Linkers with different segment lengths were copolymerized with DPP and bithiophene (BT) backbone units. A DPP-based copolymer with alternating BT moieties, DPPBT, was synthesized as a reference fully conjugated copolymer. The synthesized polymers with freely rotational backbone linkers have sufficient flexibility to develop ordered phase domains, even in thin films, in comparison to the reference copolymer. However, the introduction of the conjugation breakers, which disconnect the intramolecular π-π overlapping, tends to decrease the hole mobility (μ) from 0.76 to 0.20 cm2 V-1 s-1 in the corresponding OTFT devices. The TFT fabricated using DPPBT-A3 showed a mobility of 0.50 cm2 V-1 s-1, and the mobility value did not show a significant change even when elongated by more than 50%. Therefore, the molecular design strategy of introducing amide-coupled alkylene conjugation breakers into conjugated polymer chains can contribute significantly to the development of high-mobility stretchable conjugated polymers in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aesun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Yooseong Ahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Wenhao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Su Hong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Min Ju Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hoichang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea
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2
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Li H, Yang H, Zhang L, Wang S, Chen Y, Zhang Q, Zhang J, Tian H, Han Y. Optimizing the Crystallization Behavior and Film Morphology of Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Semiconducting Polymers by Side-Chain–Solvent Interaction in Nonpolar Solvents. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Sichun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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3
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Reid DR, Jackson NE, Bourque AJ, Snyder CR, Jones RL, de Pablo JJ. Aggregation and Solubility of a Model Conjugated Donor-Acceptor Polymer. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4802-4807. [PMID: 30063357 PMCID: PMC6260830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In conjugated polymers, solution-phase structure and aggregation exert a strong influence on device morphology and performance, making understanding solubility crucial for rational design. Using atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) and free-energy sampling algorithms, we examine the aggregation and solubility of the polymer PTB7, studying how side-chain structure can be modified to control aggregation. We demonstrate that free-energy sampling can be used to effectively screen polymer solubility in a variety of solvents but that solubility parameters derived from MD are not predictive. We then study the aggregation of variants of PTB7 including those with linear (octyl), branched (2-ethylhexyl), and cleaved (methyl) side chains, in a selection of explicit solvents and additives. Energetic analysis demonstrates that while side chains do disrupt polymer backbone stacking, solvent exclusion is a critical factor controlling polymer solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Reid
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Nicholas E Jackson
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Alexander J Bourque
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Chad R Snyder
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Ronald L Jones
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , Maryland 20899 , United States
| | - Juan J de Pablo
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- Institute for Molecular Engineering , Argonne National Laboratory , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
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4
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Hu Z, Shao B, Geberth GT, Vanden Bout DA. Effects of molecular architecture on morphology and photophysics in conjugated polymers: from single molecules to bulk. Chem Sci 2018; 9:1101-1111. [PMID: 29675155 PMCID: PMC5887865 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc03465b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A definitive comprehension of morphology and photophysics in conjugated polymers at multiple length scales demands both single molecule spectroscopy and well-controlled molecular architectures.
Conjugated polymers (CPs) possess a wide range of desirable properties, including accessible energetic bandgaps, synthetic versatility, and mechanical flexibility, which make them attractive for flexible and wearable optoelectronic devices. An accurate and comprehensive understanding about the morphology–photophysics relations in CPs lays the groundwork for their development in these applications. However, due to the complex roles of chemical structure, side-chains, backbone, and intramolecular interactions, CPs can exhibit heterogeneity in both their morphology and optoelectronic properties even at the single chain level. This molecular level heterogeneity together with complicated intermolecular interactions found in bulk CP materials severely obscures the deterministic information about the morphology and photophysics at different hierarchy levels. To counter this complexity and offer a clearer picture for the properties of CP materials, we highlight the approach of probing material systems with specific structural features via single molecule/aggregate spectroscopy (SMS). This review article covers recent advances achieved through such an approach regarding the important morphological and photophysical properties of CPs. After a brief review of the typical characteristics of CPs, we present detailed discussions of structurally well-defined model systems of CPs, from manipulated backbones and side-chains, up to nano-aggregates, studied with SMS to offer deterministic relations between morphology and photophysics from single chains building up to bulk states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Hu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , USA .
| | - Beiyue Shao
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas at Austin , USA .
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5
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Mitchell VD, Jones DJ. Advances toward the effective use of block copolymers as organic photovoltaic active layers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01878a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Donor/acceptor block copolymers for organic photovoltaic active layers are discussed from first principles through the modern state-of-the-art and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. D. Mitchell
- School of Chemistry
- University of Melbourne
- Bio21 Institute
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - D. J. Jones
- School of Chemistry
- University of Melbourne
- Bio21 Institute
- Parkville
- Australia
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6
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Mitchell VD, Gann E, Huettner S, Singh CR, Subbiah J, Thomsen L, McNeill CR, Thelakkat M, Jones DJ. Morphological and Device Evaluation of an Amphiphilic Block Copolymer for Organic Photovoltaic Applications. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie D. Mitchell
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Eliot Gann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn
Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | | | | | - Jegadesan Subbiah
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn
Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | - David J. Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Bio21 Institute, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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7
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Impact of backbone fluorination on nanoscale morphology and excitonic coupling in polythiophenes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:5113-5118. [PMID: 28465439 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620722114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorination represents an important strategy in developing high-performance conjugated polymers for photovoltaic applications. Here, we use regioregular poly(3-ethylhexylthiophene) (P3EHT) and poly(3-ethylhexyl-4-fluorothiophene) (F-P3EHT) as simplified model materials, using single-molecule/aggregate spectroscopy and molecular dynamic simulations, to elucidate the impacts of backbone fluorination on morphology and excitonic coupling on the molecular scale. Despite its high regioregularity, regioregular P3EHT exhibits a rather broad distribution in polymer chain conformation due to the strong steric hindrance of bulky ethylhexyl side chains. This conformational variability results in disordered interchain morphology even between a few chains, prohibiting long-range effective interchain coupling. In stark contrast, the experimental and molecular dynamic calculations reveal that backbone fluorination of F-P3EHT leads to an extended rod-like single-chain conformation and hence highly ordered interchain packing in aggregates. Surprisingly, the ordered and close interchain packing in F-P3EHT does not lead to strong excitonic coupling between the chains but rather to dominant intrachain excitonic coupling that greatly reduces the molecular energetic heterogeneity.
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8
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Kuei B, Gomez ED. Chain conformations and phase behavior of conjugated polymers. SOFT MATTER 2016; 13:49-67. [PMID: 27506183 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00979d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers may play an important role in various emerging optoelectronic applications because they combine the chemical versatility of organic molecules and the flexibility, stretchability and toughness of polymers with semiconducting properties. Nevertheless, in order to achieve the full potential of conjugated polymers, a clear description of how their structure, morphology, and macroscopic properties are interrelated is needed. We propose that the starting point for understanding conjugated polymers includes understanding chain conformations and phase behavior. Efforts to predict and measure the persistence length have significantly refined our intuition of the chain stiffness, and have led to predictions of nematic-to-isotropic transitions. Exploring mixing between conjugated polymers and small molecules or other polymers has demonstrated tremendous advancements in attaining the needed properties for various optoelectronic devices. Current efforts continue to refine our knowledge of chain conformations and phase behavior and the factors that influence these properties, thereby providing opportunities for the development of novel optoelectronic materials based on conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Kuei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Enrique D Gomez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA. and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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9
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Raithel D, Baderschneider S, de Queiroz TB, Lohwasser R, Köhler J, Thelakkat M, Kümmel S, Hildner R. Emitting Species of Poly(3-hexylthiophene): From Single, Isolated Chains to Bulk. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thiago B. de Queiroz
- Centro
de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, 09510-580, Santo André-SP, Brazil
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10
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Vakhshouri K, Smith BH, Chan EP, Wang C, Salleo A, Wang C, Hexemer A, Gomez ED. Signatures of Intracrystallite and Intercrystallite Limitations of Charge Transport in Polythiophenes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Edwin P. Chan
- Polymers
Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Materials
Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alberto Salleo
- Materials
Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94530, United States
| | - Alexander Hexemer
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94530, United States
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11
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Nguyen HT, Nguyen TT, Nguyen LTT, Le TV, Nguyen VQ, Nguyen TA, Luu AT. Synthesis and characterization of three-arm star-shaped conjugated poly(3-hexylthiophene)s: impact of the core structure on optical properties. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Tran Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT); Vietnam National University; 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Materials Technology Key Laboratory (Mtlab); Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City; 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam
| | - Trung Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT); Vietnam National University; 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Le-Thu T Nguyen
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT); Vietnam National University; 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Thang Van Le
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT); Vietnam National University; 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Materials Technology Key Laboratory (Mtlab); Vietnam National University-Ho Chi Minh City; 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City 70000 Vietnam
| | - Viet Quoc Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials-Ho Chi Minh City; University of Technology; 286 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Thu Anh Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Materials-Ho Chi Minh City; University of Technology; 286 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Anh Tuan Luu
- Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT); Vietnam National University; 268 Ly Thuong Kiet, District 10 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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12
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Kilina S, Kilin D, Tretiak S. Light-Driven and Phonon-Assisted Dynamics in Organic and Semiconductor Nanostructures. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5929-78. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Kilina
- Chemistry
and Biochemistry Department, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 5810, United States
| | - Dmitri Kilin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical
Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS) and Center for Integrated
Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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13
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Cinar ME, Ozturk T. Thienothiophenes, Dithienothiophenes, and Thienoacenes: Syntheses, Oligomers, Polymers, and Properties. Chem Rev 2015; 115:3036-140. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500271a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Emin Cinar
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turan Ozturk
- Department
of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey
- Chemistry
Group, Organic Chemistry Laboratory, TUBITAK UME, P.O. Box 54, 41470 Gebze-Kocaeli, Turkey
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14
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Lin TJ, Lin ST. Theoretical study on the torsional potential of alkyl, donor, and acceptor substituted bithiophene: the hidden role of noncovalent interaction and backbone conjugation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:4127-36. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05379f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The torsional potential of substituted bithiophene is influenced not only by steric repulsion, but also by backbone conjugation and noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Jen Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Tai Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
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15
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van der Poll TS, Zhugayevych A, Chertkov E, Bakus RC, Coughlin JE, Teat SJ, Bazan GC, Tretiak S. Polymorphism of Crystalline Molecular Donors for Solution-Processed Organic Photovoltaics. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2700-2704. [PMID: 26277966 DOI: 10.1021/jz5012675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using ab initio calculations and classical molecular dynamics simulations coupled to complementary experimental characterization, four molecular semiconductors were investigated in vacuum, solution, and crystalline form. Independently, the molecules can be described as nearly isostructural, yet in crystalline form, two distinct crystal systems are observed with characteristic molecular geometries. The minor structural variations provide a platform to investigate the subtlety of simple substitutions, with particular focus on polymorphism and rotational isomerism. Resolved crystal structures offer an exact description of intermolecular ordering in the solid state. This enables evaluation of molecular binding energy in various crystallographic configurations to fully rationalize observed crystal packing on a basis of first-principle calculations of intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andriy Zhugayevych
- ‡Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, T-12, MS B268, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Eli Chertkov
- ‡Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, T-12, MS B268, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | | | | | - Simon J Teat
- §Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 6 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Sergei Tretiak
- ‡Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, T-12, MS B268, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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16
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Liu J, Moo-Young J, McInnis M, Pasquinelli MA, Zhai L. Conjugated Polymer Assemblies on Carbon Nanotubes. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma401609q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Liu
- NanoScience
Technology Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Joseph Moo-Young
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, 2401 Research Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Matthew McInnis
- NanoScience
Technology Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Melissa A. Pasquinelli
- Department
of Textile Engineering, Chemistry, and Science, North Carolina State University, 2401 Research Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Lei Zhai
- NanoScience
Technology Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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17
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Structure and Morphology Control in Thin Films of Conjugated Polymers for an Improved Charge Transport. Polymers (Basel) 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/polym5041272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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