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Chen A, Cai P, Peng Y, Guo M, Su Y, Cai T. The role of alkyl chain length in the melt and solution crystallization of paliperidone aliphatic prodrugs. IUCRJ 2024; 11:23-33. [PMID: 37962472 PMCID: PMC10833388 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523009582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid-derivative prodrugs have been utilized extensively to improve the physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients. However, to our knowledge, the crystallization behavior of prodrugs modified with different fatty acids has not been explored. In the present work, a series of paliperidone aliphatic prodrugs with alkyl chain lengths ranging from C4 to C16 was investigated with respect to crystal structure, crystal morphology and crystallization kinetics. The paliperidone derivatives exhibited isostructural crystal packing, despite the different alkyl chain lengths, and crystallized with the dominant (100) face in both melt and solution. The rate of crystallization for paliperidone derivatives in the melt increases with alkyl chain length owing to greater molecular mobility. In contrast, the longer chains prolong the nucleation induction time and reduce the crystal growth kinetics in solution. The results show a correlation between difficulty of nucleation in solution and the interfacial energy. This work provides insight into the crystallization behavior of paliperidone aliphatic prodrugs and reveals that the role of alkyl chain length in the crystallization behavior has a strong dependence on the crystallization method.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peishan Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yayun Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minshan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Improved strength and water vapor permeability of polyacrylate/SiO2 nanocomposites: Molecular simulations and experimental analysis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Zhang M, Chen M, Ni Z. Epoxy polymer toughening using dendritic spherulites microstructure formed by the self-assembly of alkyl branched tri-carbamates with a spacer of isocyanurate ring. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Zhang M, Chen M, Ni Z. PPG-Terminated Tetra-Carbamates as the Toughening Additive for Bis-A Epoxy Resin. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11091522. [PMID: 31546854 PMCID: PMC6780306 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We synthesized PPG-terminated tetra-carbamates as a new toughening additive for epoxy thermosets through facile addition reaction of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) with poly(tetra-methylene glycols) (PTMG) and poly(propylene glycols) (PPG). The effects of prepared tetra-carbamates on the rheological behavior of neat epoxy resin were studied along with the various cured properties of their modified epoxy systems. Four carbamate groups (–NHCOO–) endow the prepared additives not only with good intramolecular interactions, but also with optimal intermolecular interactions with epoxy polymers. This results in the suitable miscibility of the additives with the epoxy matrix for the formation of the typical biphasic structure of microparticles dispersed in the epoxy matrix via polymerization-induced microphase separation. The impact strength and critical stress concentration factor (KIC) of cured modified epoxy systems with the additives are significantly higher than those of unmodified epoxy systems, without sacrificing the processability (Tg) and flexural strength. The toughening mechanism is understood as a synergism combination among the phase separation mechanism, the in situ homogeneous toughening mechanism, and the particle cavitation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Chemical and material engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Mingqing Chen
- School of Chemical and material engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Zhongbin Ni
- School of Chemical and material engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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5
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Kocasoy V, Dedeoglu B, Demir-Ordu O, Aviyente V. Influence of odd-even effect and intermolecular interactions in 2D molecular layers of bisamide organogelators. RSC Adv 2018; 8:35195-35204. [PMID: 35547041 PMCID: PMC9088050 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06224b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Organogelators have a wide range of use in everyday life including drug delivery and controlled release, surface coating and paper industry. In this study, a series of model bisamides have been analyzed as potential organogelators. These molecules are connected by odd and even numbered methylene units (n) in length ranging from 2 to 9. By constructing layers of those molecules along the growth direction we provide an insight into the self-assembly process. A complete systematic analysis of the computational results with B3LYP/6-311+G** suggests that the self-assembly of these potential organogelators is influenced by the odd–even effect, the relative direction of amide carbonyl groups, the bridging spacer chain length and the presence of a chiral alpha carbon. The aforementioned factors alter the strength of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds as well as the van der Waals interactions, which in turn may affect the self-assembly process of gelation and result in the formation of aggregates with different shapes. It is found that molecules with short central chains have an energetic preference for antiparallel arrangement over their parallel analogues as a result of stronger hydrogen bonding interactions. As the central chain elongates, the free energy difference between antiparallel and parallel structures decreases suggesting a compromise between hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions. The complete structural analysis suggests ribbon-like structures for achiral even-antiparallel and woven-like structures for odd-parallel systems, respectively. Upon creation of asymmetry on the alpha carbon, a twisted ribbon-like and a coiled coil-like structure are observed for even and odd systems, respectively. Our computational results are in accordance with the experimental results and provide an insight into the self-assembly of layers of bisamides. Our computational results rationalize the factors that affect the molecular self-assembly of bisamides and its role on gelation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Volga Kocasoy
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University 34342 Bebek Istanbul Turkey
| | - Burcu Dedeoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University 41400 Gebze Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Oznur Demir-Ordu
- Department of Chemistry, Abant Izzet Baysal University 14030 Golkoy Bolu Turkey
| | - Viktorya Aviyente
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University 34342 Bebek Istanbul Turkey
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6
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Wang Y, Wu S, Yan X, Ma T, Shao L, Liu Y, Guo Z. Alkyl bicarbamates supramolecular organogelators with effective selective gelation and high oil recovery from oil/water mixtures. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 167:178-187. [PMID: 27718430 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.09.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A series of alkyl bicarbamates supramolecular organogelators were synthesized with different structures and lengths of alkyl chains. The driving forces for the self-assembly of small molecules, including the intermolecular H bonding, π-π stacking and van der Waals interactions, played an important role in the formation of different 3D network structures, i.e., fibers, ribbons, sheets, and prisms. And a probable formation process of the gel networks was proposed. Furthermore, the phase-selective gelling performances were investigated for oil removal from aqueous solution. Interestingly, the gelling properties were found to be affected by the length and structure of alkyl chains, while some gelators with intermediate alkyl chain lengths could effectively gel all the tested oils from water surface within 15 min, such as Russian crude oil, diesel, gasoline, soybean oil, peanut oil, olive oil, cyclohexane, hexane and ethyl acetate. Advantageously, fast gelation, high rate of oil removal (>95%) and excellent oil retention rate (close to 100%) were realized in the recovery of oil spills from water surface. This kind of supramolecular gelators demonstrates good potential applications in the delivery or removal of organic pollution from oil/water mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhen Wang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Songquan Wu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xingru Yan
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Tao Ma
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lu Shao
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yuyan Liu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China.
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Chan ASW, Sundararajan PR. Inhibiting the Self-Sorting Behavior in the Blends of a Homologous Set of Polyurethane Model Compounds. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:9253-63. [PMID: 27505024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b07298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Self-sorting is the phenomenon in which there is high fidelity recognition and preference only for self and avoidance of nonself (narcissistic self-sorting). It has been observed in a number of biological systems and chiral synthetic molecules. We found that blends of biscarbamates, which are model compounds for polyurethanes, self-sort during crystallization [ J. Phys. Chem. B 2008 , 112 , 4223 - 4232 ], although these are not chiral molecules. Even if the two components in the blend differ only by a couple of CH2 groups in the side chain length, no intercomponent hydrogen bond forms, and the molecules self-sort. They do not show any cocrystallization despite being part of a homologous series. We believe that it is the first reported example such behavior among synthetic nonchiral molecules. This is similar to the behavior of blends of hydrogen-bonding polymers including polyurethanes. We show that the difference in the growth rates of the individual species is responsible for the self-sorting behavior in these nonchiral synthetic compounds. While self-sorting might be advantageous for separation of blends, it poses a challenge for modifying properties such as the melting temperatures, spherulite size, etc., for various applications. We will discuss methods that were attempted to bridge the self and nonself that would lead to a more homogeneous system. We evaluated the miscibility using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), since the occurrence of a single or multiple endotherms would indicate molecular level miscibility. This is similar to the behavior of glass transition temperatures in the case of polymer blends. Optical microscopy (OM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were also used. It is concluded that irrespective of the protocol followed for preparing the mixtures, mutual plasticization occurred in most cases (i.e., mixing of domains of the two species) and not molecular mixing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S W Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Pudupadi R Sundararajan
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University , 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
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8
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Demir-Ordu Ö, Şimşir H, Alper K. Synthesis of bis[N-(p-aryl)-carbamoyloxy]alkanes as new low-molecular weight organogelators. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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9
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Xie HL, Ni B, Liu Q, Wang J, Yang S, Zhang HL, Chen EQ. Self organization of main-chain/side-chain liquid crystalline polymer based on “jacketing” effect with different lengths of spacer: from smectic to hierarchically ordered structure. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21257j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of combined main-chain/side-chain liquid crystalline polymers based on the “jacketing” effect, with different alkyl spacer lengths (n = 2–10), have been successfully synthesized and their self-organization behavior has been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-lou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymer Materials of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province
- Key Lab of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
| | - Bin Ni
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymer Materials of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province
- Key Lab of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
| | - Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymer Materials of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province
- Key Lab of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
| | - Jun Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Shuang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Peking University
| | - Hai-liang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Polymer Materials of Hunan Province
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Materials of Colleges and Universities of Hunan Province
- Key Lab of Environment-friendly Chemistry and Application in Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Xiangtan University
| | - Er-qiang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering
- Peking University
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10
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Tereshatov VV, Senichev VY. New diurethane plasticizers for polyurethane thermoplastics and perspective functional composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy Vasilyevich Tereshatov
- Institute of Technical Chemistry of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Acad. Korolev St., 3 614013 Perm Russian Federation
| | - Valeriy Yulyevich Senichev
- Institute of Technical Chemistry of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Acad. Korolev St., 3 614013 Perm Russian Federation
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