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Liu M, Huang S, Tan L, Pan J, Xie S, Zuilhof H, Chen B, Ma M. A simple and low-energy strategy for the separation of water and acetonitrile. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2300426. [PMID: 37582650 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
As acetonitrile is a widely used solvent for the chemical industry, the recovery of acetonitrile from acetonitrile wastewater is significant for both industrial cost reduction and environmental protection. In this article, a simple, low-energy, and low-cost strategy is proposed for the effective separation of acetonitrile from high-concentration acetonitrile wastewater. The approach is based on a sequential combination of two steps: salt-induced phase separation and hydrophobic filtration. The acetonitrile wastewater was first induced to split into two phases by salt, that is, the acetonitrile-rich phase and the water-rich phase, then the above two phases were poured into the hydrophobic filter paper funnel for the separation. It was shown that NaCl is a suitable salting-out reagent, and that hydrophobic filter papers-obtained from modification by butyltrichlorosilane and octyltrichlorosilane were the optimal choice for hydrophobic filtration. The salt-induced phase separation process is able to increase the volume fraction of acetonitrile in the acetonitrile-rich phase up to 92%. The acetonitrile-rich phase can pass through the hydrophobic filter paper, whereas the water-rich phase was intercepted. The hydrophobic filter paper retained strong hydrophobicity and high acetonitrile-separating capacity after 3 months storage, or upon immersion in acetonitrile-water mixtures for 12 h, or applied for 25 consecutive separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mincong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Si Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Linli Tan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Pan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Xie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Phytochemical R&D of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, P. R. China
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Kawano M, Tashiro A, Imamura Y, Yamada M, Sadakane K, Iwase H, Matsugami M, Marekha BA, Idrissi A, Takamuku T. Effects of self-hydrogen bonding among formamide molecules on the UCST-type liquid-liquid phase separation of binary solutions with imidazolium-based ionic liquid, [C nmim][TFSI], studied by NMR, IR, MD simulations, and SANS. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13698-13712. [PMID: 35612374 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01006b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-type liquid-liquid phase separation of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs), 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([Cnmim][TFSI], where n represents the alkyl chain length of the cation, n = 6, 8, 10, and 12) binary solutions with formamide (FA) was examined as a function of temperature and the FA mole fraction xFA. The two-phase region (immiscible region) of the solutions is much larger and expands more with the increase in n, in comparison with the previous [Cnmim][TFSI]-1,4-dioxane (1,4-DIO) systems. An array of spectroscopic techniques, including 1H and 13C NMR and IR combined with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, was conducted on the present binary systems to clarify the microscopic interactions that contribute to the phase-separation mechanism. The hydrogen-bonding interactions of the imidazolium ring H atoms are more favorable with the O atoms of the FA molecules than with 1,4-DIO molecules, whereas the latter interact more favorably with the alkyl chain of the cation. Upon lowering the temperature, the FA molecules gradually self-aggregate through self-hydrogen bonding to form FA clusters. Concomitantly, clusters of ILs are formed via the electrostatic interaction between the counter ions and the dispersion force among the IL alkyl chains. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on the [C6mim][TFSI]-FA-d2 and [C8mim][TFSI]-FA-d2 systems revealed, similarly to [Cnmim][TFSI]-1,4-DIO systems, the crossover of the mechanism from the 3D-Ising mechanism around the UCST xFA to the mean-field mechanism at both sides of the mole fraction. Interestingly, the xFA range of the 3D-Ising mechanism for the FA systems is wider compared with the range of the 1,4-DIO systems. In this way, the self-hydrogen bonding among FA molecules most significantly governs the phase equilibria of the [Cnmim][TFSI]-FA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kawano
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuya Tashiro
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Imamura
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
| | - Moeno Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
| | - Koichiro Sadakane
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Masaru Matsugami
- Faculty of Liberal Arts, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Kumamoto College, 2659-2 Suya, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1102, Japan
| | - Bogdan A Marekha
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 29 Jahnstr., 69230 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abdenacer Idrissi
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRe - Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions la Réactivité et l'environnement, F-5900 Lille, France
| | - Toshiyuki Takamuku
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
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Kawano M, Sadakane K, Iwase H, Matsugami M, Marekha BA, Idrissi A, Takamuku T. Assessment of the UCST-type liquid-liquid phase separation mechanism of imidazolium-based ionic liquid, [C 8mim][TFSI], and 1,4-dioxane by SANS, NMR, IR, and MD simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:24449-24463. [PMID: 34697615 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01940f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation of binary systems for imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs), 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([Cnmim][TFSI], where n represents the alkyl chain length of the cation), with 1,4-dioxane (1,4-DIO) was observed as a function of temperature and 1,4-DIO mole fraction, x1,4-DIO. The phase diagrams obtained for [Cnmim][TFSI]-1,4-DIO systems showed that the miscible region becomes wider with an increase in the alkyl chain length, n. For n = 6 and 8, an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) was found. To clarify the mechanism of the UCST-type phase separation, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments were conducted on the [C8mim][TFSI]-1,4-DIO-d8 system at several x1,4-DIO. The critical exponents of γ and ν determined from the SANS experiments showed that phase separation of the system at the UCST mole fraction occurs via the 3D-Ising mechanism, while that on both sides of UCST occurs via the mean field mechanism. Thus, the crossover of mechanism was observed for this system. The microscopic interactions among the cation, anion, and 1,4-DIO were elucidated using 1H and 13C NMR and IR spectroscopic techniques, together with the theoretical method of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results on the microscopic interactions suggest that 1,4-DIO molecules cannot strongly interact with H atoms on the imidazolium ring, while they interact with the octyl chain of the cation through dispersion force. With a decrease in temperature, 1,4-DIO molecules gradually aggregate to form 1,4-DIO clusters in the binary solutions. The strengthening of the C-H⋯O interaction between 1,4-DIO molecules by cooling is the key to the phase separation. Of course, the electrostatic interaction between the cations and anions results in the formation of IL clusters. When IL clusters are excluded from 1,4-DIO clusters, liquid-liquid phase separation occurs. Accordingly, the balance between the electrostatic force between the cations and anions and the C-H⋯O interaction between the 1,4-DIO determines the 3D-Ising or the mean field mechanism of phase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kawano
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Koichiro Sadakane
- Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwase
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Masaru Matsugami
- Faculty of Liberal Arts, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Kumamoto College, 2659-2 Suya, Koshi, Kumatomo 861-1102, Japan
| | - Bogdan A Marekha
- Department of Biomolecular Mechanisms, Max Planck Institute for Medical Research, 29 Jahnstr., 69230 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Abdenacer Idrissi
- University of Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516 -LASIRe- Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions la Réactivité et l'environnement, F-5900 Lille, France
| | - Toshiyuki Takamuku
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
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Bier M, Mars J, Li H, Mezger M. Salt-induced microheterogeneities in binary liquid mixtures. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:022603. [PMID: 28950527 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.022603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The salt-induced microheterogeneity (MH) formation in binary liquid mixtures is studied by small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) and liquid state theory. Previous experiments have shown that this phenomenon occurs for antagonistic salts, whose cations and anions prefer different components of the solvent mixture. However, so far the precise mechanism leading to the characteristic length scale of MHs has remained unclear. Here, it is shown that MHs can be generated by the competition of short-ranged interactions and long-ranged monopole-dipole interactions. The experimental SAXS patterns can be reproduced quantitatively by fitting to the derived correlation functions without assuming any specific model. The dependency of the MH structure with respect to ionic strength and temperature is analyzed. Close to the demixing phase transition, critical-like behavior occurs with respect to the spinodal line in the phase diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bier
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.,Institute for Theoretical Physics IV, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Julian Mars
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physics and MAINZ Graduate School, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hailong Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Mezger
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Physics and MAINZ Graduate School, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Takamuku T, Kouda Y, Shimomura T. Heat-induced phase separation of alkali chloride–HFIP–water mixtures. J Mol Liq 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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