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Hejazi S, Pahlavanzadeh H, Elliott JAW. Thermodynamic Investigation of the Effect of Electric Field on Solid-Liquid Equilibrium. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:1271-1281. [PMID: 33497220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c08754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the thermal, mechanical, and chemical equilibrium conditions are derived for binary solid-liquid equilibrium under the effect of an electric field. As an example, the effect of an electric field on the water/glycerol solid-liquid phase diagram is computed over the complete mole fraction range. We show that the application of an electric field can affect the composition dependent freezing and precipitating processes, changing freezing and precipitating temperatures and changing the eutectic point temperature and mole fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Hejazi
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 1H9.,Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-336, Iran
| | - Hassan Pahlavanzadeh
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115-336, Iran
| | - Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta Canada T6G 1H9
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Shardt N, Wang Y, Jin Z, Elliott JA. Surface tension as a function of temperature and composition for a broad range of mixtures. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Abstract
Gibbsian composite-system thermodynamics is the framework governing the equilibrium of composite systems, including systems that at equilibrium have more than one value of pressure because of the action of surface tension, semipermeable membranes, or fields, and thus cannot be treated as simple systems. J. W. Gibbs's paper that lays out composite-system thermodynamics, "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances", communicated in two parts in 1876 and 1878, is widely regarded as one of the most important pieces of scientific literature of its century. Many scientists adopted and stressed the importance of Gibbsian thermodynamics. In 1960, H. B. Callen wrote a textbook that made Gibbsian composite-system thermodynamics more accessible to thermodynamicists. However, Callen's book left out Gibbs's work on curved fluid interfaces and did not treat the complicated nonideal systems of interest to today's thermodynamicists. In this Feature Article, I have attempted to convey in a comprehensive manner the framework of Gibbsian composite-system thermodynamics including in detail the treatment of systems with interface effects and with nonideal, multicomponent phases. This work lays out the relationships between important equilibrium equations including the following: the Gibbs-Duhem equation, the Gibbs adsorption equation, the Young-Laplace equation, the Young equation, the Cassie-Baxter equation, the Wenzel equation, the Kelvin equation, the Gibbs-Thompson equation, and the Ostwald-Freundlich equation, including nonideal and multicomponent forms. Equations of state that are often useful for Gibbsian composite-system thermodynamics are reviewed including adsorption isotherms and our own work on two semiempirical equations of state: the Elliott et al. form of the osmotic virial equation and the Shardt-Elliott-Connors-Wright equation for the temperature and composition dependence of surface tension. I summarize the work of our group developing Gibbisan composite-system thermodynamics including new equations for such things as the curvature-induced depression of the eutectic temperature or the removal of azeotropes by nanoscale fluid interface curvature. Gibbsian composite-system thermodynamics has broad applications in biotechnology, nanostructured materials, surface textures and coatings, microfluidics, nanoscience, atmospheric and environmental physics, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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Kopp MRG, Linsenmeier M, Hettich B, Prantl S, Stavrakis S, Leroux JC, Arosio P. Microfluidic Shrinking Droplet Concentrator for Analyte Detection and Phase Separation of Protein Solutions. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5803-5812. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie R. G. Kopp
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Linsenmeier
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Britta Hettich
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Prantl
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Leroux
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Arosio
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
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Eslami F, Elliott JAW. Gibbsian Thermodynamic Study of Capillary Meniscus Depth. Sci Rep 2019; 9:657. [PMID: 30679457 PMCID: PMC6346109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the presence of gravity or other external fields, liquid surface curvature deviates from a spherical shape and the surface configuration can be found by numerical integration of the Young–Laplace equation and the typical initial point for integration is the apex of the interface. The meniscus shape in large Bond number systems, which have the central portion of the interface flattened, cannot be determined with the apex as the initial point for integration. Here we find the depth of capillary menisci by considering an initial point for integration to be at the three-phase-contact-line (TPCL) and evaluate the curvature at the TPCL by free energy analysis and inspect the effect of different parameters on the interface shape. A new parameter—which is the deviation of equilibrium curvature at the TPCL from the spherical shape (SR)—is introduced and inspected and it was found that at a Bond number of 13 the maximum deviation, approximately 0.8 of spherical curvature, takes place while for large enough Bond numbers the curvature at the three-phase contact line is near the spherical shape (0.95 < SR < 1). A potential application of this approach is to measure the capillary rise at the TPCL to find the surface tension in high Bond number systems such as those with low surface/interfacial tensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Eslami
- Department of Process Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, T6G 1H9, Canada
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Fornells E, Hilder EF, Breadmore MC. Preconcentration by solvent removal: techniques and applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:1715-1727. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1530-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bleier BJ, Anna SL, Walker LM. Microfluidic Droplet-Based Tool To Determine Phase Behavior of a Fluid System with High Composition Resolution. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:4067-4076. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Blake J. Bleier
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Shelley L. Anna
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Lynn M. Walker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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Zielinski MW, McGann LE, Nychka JA, Elliott JAW. Nonideal Solute Chemical Potential Equation and the Validity of the Grouped Solute Approach for Intracellular Solution Thermodynamics. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:10443-10456. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b07992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal W. Zielinski
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2B7
| | - Locksley E. McGann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2B7
| | - John A. Nychka
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9
| | - Janet A. W. Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2B7
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Shardt N, Elliott JAW. Model for the Surface Tension of Dilute and Concentrated Binary Aqueous Mixtures as a Function of Composition and Temperature. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11077-11085. [PMID: 28975797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface tension dictates fluid behavior, and predicting its magnitude is vital in many applications. Equations have previously been derived to describe how the surface tension of pure liquids changes with temperature, and other models have been derived to describe how the surface tension of mixtures changes with liquid-phase composition. However, the simultaneous dependence of surface tension on temperature and composition for liquid mixtures has been less studied. Past approaches have required extensive experimental data to which models have been fit, yielding a distinct set of fitting parameters at each temperature or composition. Herein, we propose a model that requires only three fitting procedures to predict surface tension as a function of temperature and composition. We achieve this by analyzing and extending the Shereshefsky (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1967, 24 (3), 317-322), Li et al. (Fluid Phase Equilib. 2000, 175, 185-196), and Connors-Wright (Anal. Chem. 1989, 61 (3), 194-198) models to high temperatures for 15 aqueous systems. The best extensions of the Shereshefsky, Li et al., and Connors-Wright models achieve average relative deviations of 2.11%, 1.20%, and 0.62%, respectively, over all systems. We thus recommend the extended Connors-Wright model for predicting the surface tension of aqueous mixtures at different temperatures with the tabulated coefficients herein. An additional outcome of this study is the previously unreported equivalence of the Li et al. and Connors-Wright models in describing experimental data of surface tension as a function of composition at a single temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Shardt
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Janet A W Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta , Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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Liu F, Zargarzadeh L, Chung HJ, Elliott JAW. Thermodynamic Investigation of the Effect of Interface Curvature on the Solid–Liquid Equilibrium and Eutectic Point of Binary Mixtures. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9452-9462. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b07271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fanghui Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9
| | - Leila Zargarzadeh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9
| | - Hyun-Joong Chung
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9
| | - Janet A. W. Elliott
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 1H9
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Friddin MS, Bolognesi G, Elani Y, Brooks NJ, Law RV, Seddon JM, Neil MAA, Ces O. Optically assembled droplet interface bilayer (OptiDIB) networks from cell-sized microdroplets. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:7731-7734. [PMID: 27722718 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm01357k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a new platform technology to systematically assemble droplet interface bilayer (DIB) networks in user-defined 3D architectures from cell-sized droplets using optical tweezers. Our OptiDIB platform is the first demonstration of optical trapping to precisely construct 3D DIB networks, paving the way for the development of a new generation of modular bio-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Friddin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. and Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Guido Bolognesi
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Yuval Elani
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. and Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nicholas J Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. and Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Robert V Law
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. and Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - John M Seddon
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. and Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mark A A Neil
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK and Photonics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Oscar Ces
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. and Institute of Chemical Biology, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Shardt N, Elliott JAW. Thermodynamic Study of the Role of Interface Curvature on Multicomponent Vapor–Liquid Phase Equilibrium. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2194-200. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Shardt
- Department of Chemical and
Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Janet A. W. Elliott
- Department of Chemical and
Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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Eslami F, Elliott JAW. Role of Precipitating Solute Curvature on Microdrops and Nanodrops during Concentrating Processes: The Nonideal Ostwald–Freundlich Equation. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:14675-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5063786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Eslami
- Department of Chemical and
Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada T6G 2V4
| | - Janet A. W. Elliott
- Department of Chemical and
Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB, Canada T6G 2V4
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Eslami F, Elliott JAW. Stability Analysis of Microdrops during Concentrating Processes. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:3630-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4072229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Eslami
- Department of Chemical and
Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4
| | - Janet A. W. Elliott
- Department of Chemical and
Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2V4
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15
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Kojima T, Takayama S. Microscale Determination of Aqueous Two Phase System Binodals by Droplet Dehydration in Oil. Anal Chem 2013; 85:5213-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400628b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Kojima
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor,
Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shuichi Takayama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Biointerfaces Institute, 2800 Plymouth Road,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- School of Nano-Bioscience and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology,
Republic of Korea
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