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Farmer DK, Vance ME, Poppendieck D, Abbatt J, Alves MR, Dannemiller KC, Deeleepojananan C, Ditto J, Dougherty B, Farinas OR, Goldstein AH, Grassian VH, Huynh H, Kim D, King JC, Kroll J, Li J, Link MF, Mael L, Mayer K, Martin AB, Morrison G, O'Brien R, Pandit S, Turpin BJ, Webb M, Yu J, Zimmerman SM. The chemical assessment of surfaces and air (CASA) study: using chemical and physical perturbations in a test house to investigate indoor processes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024. [PMID: 38953218 DOI: 10.1039/d4em00209a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The Chemical Assessment of Surfaces and Air (CASA) study aimed to understand how chemicals transform in the indoor environment using perturbations (e.g., cooking, cleaning) or additions of indoor and outdoor pollutants in a well-controlled test house. Chemical additions ranged from individual compounds (e.g., gaseous ammonia or ozone) to more complex mixtures (e.g., a wildfire smoke proxy and a commercial pesticide). Physical perturbations included varying temperature, ventilation rates, and relative humidity. The objectives for CASA included understanding (i) how outdoor air pollution impacts indoor air chemistry, (ii) how wildfire smoke transports and transforms indoors, (iii) how gases and particles interact with building surfaces, and (iv) how indoor environmental conditions impact indoor chemistry. Further, the combined measurements under unperturbed and experimental conditions enable investigation of mitigation strategies following outdoor and indoor air pollution events. A comprehensive suite of instruments measured different chemical components in the gas, particle, and surface phases throughout the study. We provide an overview of the test house, instrumentation, experimental design, and initial observations - including the role of humidity in controlling the air concentrations of many semi-volatile organic compounds, the potential for ozone to generate indoor nitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), the differences in microbial composition between the test house and other occupied buildings, and the complexity of deposited particles and gases on different indoor surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine K Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Marina E Vance
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | | | - Jon Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael R Alves
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Karen C Dannemiller
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Sustainability Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Jenna Ditto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian Dougherty
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Olivia R Farinas
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Allen H Goldstein
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Vicki H Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Han Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Deborah Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jon C King
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jesse Kroll
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jienan Li
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Michael F Link
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Liora Mael
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Kathryn Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Andrew B Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Glenn Morrison
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rachel O'Brien
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shubhrangshu Pandit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Barbara J Turpin
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marc Webb
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Chen PR, Chu LK. Infrared characterization of hydrated products of glyoxal in aqueous solution. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 306:123571. [PMID: 37944380 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The simplest and most abundant dicarbonyl in the atmosphere, glyoxal ((CHO)2), and its geminal diols via stepwise hydration reactions, monohydrate (CHOCH(OH)2) and dihydrate ((HC(OH)2)2), are proposed to be responsible for the generation of atmospheric acid and the increase in aerosol viscosity. In this work, the hydrates of glyoxal were prepared by dissolving glyoxal trimer dihydrate (C6H10O8) in H2O and D2O and probed by infrared absorption spectrometry at varied temperatures. In glyoxal aqueous solution at a concentration of < 1 wt%, the monomeric dihydrate is predominant. Coupled with the predicted vibrational wavenumbers and the corresponding intensities using the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ method, the intense IR bands at 1075 cm-1 and 1073 cm-1 are attributed to the C-O stretching modes of dihydrate and deuterium substituted dihydrate at the hydroxyl groups, denoted as d4-dihydrate ((HC(OD)2)2). Upon heating of the d4-dihydrate solution to cause dehydration, a new band generated at 1745 cm-1 was attributed to the C=O stretching mode of d2-monohydrate (CHOCH(OD)2). Comparing the predicted wavenumbers of glyoxal monohydrate and the observed vibrational wavenumbers of the glycolaldehyde (HCOCH2OH), the wavenumber of the C=O stretching mode of monohydrate is reasonably presumed to be 1745 ± 5 cm-1. These infrared characterizations of the glyoxal hydrates provide suitable detection windows for further investigating the roles of glyoxal and its hydrates in atmospheric and aerosol chemistry, as well as studying the relevant reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Rong Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kang Chu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Rd, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.
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Folkestad SD, Paul AC, Ponzi A, Grazioli C, Coreno M, de Simone M, Koch H, Coriani S. Electronic Characterization of Glycolaldehyde: Experimental and Theoretical Insights from the Core- and Valence-Level Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10621-10631. [PMID: 38084657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The core-level electron excitation and ionization spectra of glycolaldehyde have been investigated by photoabsorption and photoemission spectroscopy at both carbon and oxygen K-edges; the valence ionization spectra were also recorded by photoelectron spectroscopy in the UV-vis region. The spectra are interpreted by means of ab initio calculations based on the equation-of-motion coupled cluster singles and doubles (EOM-CCSD) and coupled cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative are in good agreement with the experimental results, and many of the observed features are assigned. The photoabsorption spectra are not only dominated by transitions from core-level orbitals to unoccupied π and σ orbitals but also show structures due to Rydberg transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarai Dery Folkestad
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU─Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Alexander C Paul
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU─Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Aurora Ponzi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, R. Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Cesare Grazioli
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Basovizza Area Science Park, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - Marcello Coreno
- ISM-CNR, Istituto di Struttura della Materia del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Basovizza Area Science Park, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - Monica de Simone
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Basovizza Area Science Park, Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - Henrik Koch
- Department of Chemistry, NTNU─Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Sonia Coriani
- DTU Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
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Bunn H, Raston PL. Characterization of the Coriolis Coupled Far-Infrared Bands of syn-Vinyl Alcohol. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2569-2577. [PMID: 35417172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rotational emission from vibrationally excited molecules are responsible for a large fraction of lines in the spectra of interstellar molecular clouds. Vinyl alcohol (VA) has two rotamers that differ in energy by 6.4 kJ/mol, both of which have been observed toward the molecular cloud, Sagittarius B2(N) [Turner and Apponi, Astrophys. J. 2001, 561, 207]. Previously, we reported an analysis of the far-infrared spectrum of the higher energy rotamer, anti-VA [Bunn et al. Astrophys. J. 2017, 847, 67], yielding rotational and higher order distortion constants in the first excited vibrational state, and here, we report an analysis of the far-infrared spectrum of the lower energy rotamer, syn-VA, whose spectrum is significantly more complicated on account of Coriolis interactions that result in perturbations to the rovibrational spectrum. We account for those perturbations with the inclusion of Coriolis coupling constants in the fit, which couples the first excited OH torsional (ν15) and CCO bending (ν11) states. Inclusion of them resulted in more physically meaningful rotational and centrifugal distortion constants, and allows for accurate pure rotational line predictions to be made up to high energies. These will be particularly useful in searches for vibrationally excited syn-VA toward warm regions of interstellar molecular clouds, where we predict that it may be significantly abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Bunn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Paul L Raston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, United States
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Glasius M, Thomsen D, Wang K, Iversen LS, Duan J, Huang RJ. Chemical characteristics and sources of organosulfates, organosulfonates, and carboxylic acids in aerosols in urban Xi'an, Northwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 810:151187. [PMID: 34756911 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigated speciation and levels of organosulfates, organosulfonates as well as carboxylic acids in aerosol samples collected during summer (2014) and winter (2014/15) in Xi'an, Northwest China, to improve understanding of composition and sources of organic aerosols in this region heavily affected by air pollution. Organosulfates are formed from reactive gas-phase organic compounds and acidic sulfate aerosols, contributing to secondary organic aerosols, SOA. The aerosol samples show a large diversity in organosulfur species in line with other regions of China, reflecting the high levels and complexity of SOA precursors. In summer samples, organosulfates from isoprene are prevalent due to transport of air masses from southern regions with isoprene-emitting mountain forests. During winter, air masses are local or from areas north of the city with low population density and very low temperatures. The estimated levels of organosulfates and organosulfonates in summer (768 ± 346 ng m-3) and winter samples (938 ± 374 ng m-3) are more similar than expected given the high levels of sulfate and organic carbon in winter, indicating the complexity of organosulfur formation processes. We observed an organosulfonate with molecular weight 214 (C6H14O6S) at high estimated levels (254 ± 232 ng m-3) in winter, but much lower concentrations (12 ± 13 ng m-3) in summer. High levels of organosulfur compounds were mainly observed at aerosol pH below about 2.5. Concentrations of carboxylic acids from oxidation of monoterpenes were low (5.2 ± 2.7 ng m-3 in summer). Phthalic acid was as high as 90 ± 29 ng m-3 during winter and correlated highly with organic carbon, chloride and potassium, indicating a common origin, most likely burning of biomass and plastic-containing waste. Further research is needed to elucidate formation and sources of organosulfates and organosulfonates, as well as the impact on aerosol properties affecting e.g. health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Glasius
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Ditte Thomsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of MOE, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | | | - Jing Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG), Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
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Li Y, Shi Y, Song X, Zhao Z, Zhang N, Hao C. Insights into the existing form of glycolaldehyde in methanol solution: an experimental and theoretical investigation. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00252j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glycolaldehyde (HOCH2CHO, GA), the simplest molecule containing both hydroxyl and aldehyde groups, is structurally the most elementary member of the monosaccharide sugars, which may provide new clues for probing the origin of life on planets like the Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yantao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xuedan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Naitian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemistry
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- People's Republic of China
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Barone V, Ceselin G, Fusè M, Tasinato N. Accuracy Meets Interpretability for Computational Spectroscopy by Means of Hybrid and Double-Hybrid Functionals. Front Chem 2020; 8:584203. [PMID: 33195078 PMCID: PMC7645164 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.584203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accuracy and interpretability are often seen as the devil and holy grail in computational spectroscopy and their reconciliation remains a primary research goal. In the last few decades, density functional theory has revolutionized the situation, paving the way to reliable yet effective models for medium size molecules, which could also be profitably used by non-specialists. In this contribution we will compare the results of some widely used hybrid and double hybrid functionals with the aim of defining the most suitable recipe for all the spectroscopic parameters of interest in rotational and vibrational spectroscopy, going beyond the rigid rotor/harmonic oscillator model. We will show that last-generation hybrid and double hybrid functionals in conjunction with partially augmented double- and triple-zeta basis sets can offer, in the framework of second order vibrational perturbation theory, a general, robust, and user-friendly tool with unprecedented accuracy for medium-size semi-rigid molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Barone
- SMART Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ceselin
- SMART Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Fusè
- SMART Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Tasinato
- SMART Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Johnson TJ, Diaz E, Hughey KD, Myers TL, Blake TA, Dohnalkova AC, Burton SD. Infrared Optical Constants from Pressed Pellets of Powders: I. Improved n and k Values of (NH 4) 2SO 4 from Single-Angle Reflectance. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 74:851-867. [PMID: 32383392 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820930009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In combination with other parameters, the real, n(ṽ∼), and imaginary, k(ṽ∼), components of the complex refractive index, n^ = n + ik, can be used to simulate the optical properties of a material in different forms, e.g., its infrared spectra. Ultimately, such n/k values can be used to generate a database of synthetic reflectance spectra for the different morphologies to which experimental data can be compared. But obtaining reliable values of the optical constants n/k for solid materials is challenging due to the lack of optical quality specimens, usually crystals, large enough to measure. An alternative to crystals is to press the powder into a uniform disk. We have produced pellets from ammonium sulfate, (NH4)2SO4, powder and derived the pellets' n and k values via single-angle reflectance using a specular reflectance device in combination with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The single-angle technique measures amplitude of light reflected from the material as a function of wavelength over a wide spectral domain; the optical constants are determined from the reflectance data using the Kramers-Kronig relationship. We investigate several parameters associated with the pellets and pellet formation and their effects upon delivering the most reliable n/k values. Parameters studied include pellet diameter, mass, and density (void space), drying, grinding, sieving, and particle size in the pellet formation, as well as pressing pressure and duration. Of these parameters, using size-selected mixtures of dried, small (<50 µm) particles and pressing at ≥10 tons for at least 30 min were found key to forming highly reflective samples. Comparison of two sets of previous literature n(ṽ∼) and k(ṽ∼) values obtained from crystalline (NH4)2SO4 both as crystal reflectance as well as extinction spectra of aerosols measured in a flow tube shows reasonable agreement, but suggests the present values, as confirmed from two independent techniques, represent a substantial improvement for n/k values for (NH4)2SO4, also demonstrating promise to measure the optical constants of other materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuela Diaz
- Defence Research and Development Canada-Valcartier Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | | | - Tanya L Myers
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Thomas A Blake
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Sarah D Burton
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Sanz-Novo M, Belloche A, Alonso JL, Kolesniková L, Garrod RT, Mata S, Müller HSP, Menten KM, Gong Y. Interstellar glycolamide: A comprehensive rotational study and an astronomical search in Sgr B2(N). ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS 2020; 639:A135. [PMID: 33154598 PMCID: PMC7116316 DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202038149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Glycolamide is a glycine isomer and also one of the simplest derivatives of acetamide (e.g., one hydrogen atom is replaced with a hydroxyl group), which is a known interstellar molecule. AIMS In this context, the aim of our work is to provide direct experimental frequencies of the ground vibrational state of glycolamide in the centimeter-, millimeter- and submillimeter-wavelength regions in order to enable its identification in the interstellar medium. METHODS We employed a battery of state-of-the-art rotational spectroscopic techniques in the frequency and time domain to measure the frequencies of glycolamide. We used the spectral line survey named Exploring Molecular Complexity with ALMA (EMoCA), which was performed toward the star forming region Sgr B2(N) with ALMA to search for glycolamide in space. We also searched for glycolamide toward Sgr B2(N) with the Effelsberg radio telescope. The astronomical spectra were analyzed under the local thermodynamic equilibrium approximation. We used the gas-grain chemical kinetics model MAGICKAL to interpret the results of the astronomical observations. RESULTS About 1500 transitions have been newly assigned up to 460 GHz to the most stable conformer, and a precise set of spectroscopic constants was determined. Spectral features of glycolamide were then searched for in the prominent hot molecular core Sgr B2(N2). We report the nondetection of glycolamide toward this source with an abundance at least six and five times lower than that of acetamide and glycolaldehyde, respectively. Our astrochemical model suggests that glycolamide may be present in this source at a level just below the upper limit, which was derived from the EMoCA survey. We could also not detect the molecule in the region's extended molecular envelope, which was probed with the Effelsberg telescope. We find an upper limit to its column density that is similar to the column densities obtained earlier for acetamide and glycolaldehyde with the Green Bank Telescope.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sanz-Novo
- Grupo de Espectroscopía Molecular (GEM), Edificio Quifima, Área de Química-Física, Laboratorios de Espectroscopía y Bioespectroscopía, Parque Científico UVa, Unidad Asociada CSIC, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - A Belloche
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - J L Alonso
- Grupo de Espectroscopía Molecular (GEM), Edificio Quifima, Área de Química-Física, Laboratorios de Espectroscopía y Bioespectroscopía, Parque Científico UVa, Unidad Asociada CSIC, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - L Kolesniková
- Grupo de Espectroscopía Molecular (GEM), Edificio Quifima, Área de Química-Física, Laboratorios de Espectroscopía y Bioespectroscopía, Parque Científico UVa, Unidad Asociada CSIC, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - R T Garrod
- Departments of Chemistry and Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - S Mata
- Grupo de Espectroscopía Molecular (GEM), Edificio Quifima, Área de Química-Física, Laboratorios de Espectroscopía y Bioespectroscopía, Parque Científico UVa, Unidad Asociada CSIC, E-47011 Valladolid, Spain
| | - H S P Müller
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - K M Menten
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Y Gong
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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DFT meets the segmented polarization consistent basis sets: Performances in the computation of molecular structures, rotational and vibrational spectroscopic properties. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Myers TL, Tonkyn RG, Danby TO, Taubman MS, Bernacki BE, Birnbaum JC, Sharpe SW, Johnson TJ. Accurate Measurement of the Optical Constants n and k for a Series of 57 Inorganic and Organic Liquids for Optical Modeling and Detection. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 72:535-550. [PMID: 29286824 DOI: 10.1177/0003702817742848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For optical modeling and other purposes, we have created a library of 57 liquids for which we have measured the complex optical constants n and k. These liquids vary in their nature, ranging in properties that include chemical structure, optical band strength, volatility, and viscosity. By obtaining the optical constants, one can model most optical phenomena in media and at interfaces including reflection, refraction, and dispersion. Based on the works of others, we have developed improved protocols using multiple path lengths to determine the optical constants n/k for dozens of liquids, including inorganic, organic, and organophosphorus compounds. Detailed descriptions of the measurement and data reduction protocols are discussed; agreement of the derived optical constant n and k values with literature values are presented. We also present results using the n/k values as applied to an optical modeling scenario whereby the derived data are presented and tested for models of 1 µm and 100 µm layers for dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) on both metal (aluminum) and dielectric (soda lime glass) substrates to show substantial differences between the reflected signal from highly reflective substrates and less-reflective substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya L Myers
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Tyler O Danby
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Lindenmaier R, Scharko NK, Tonkyn RG, Nguyen KT, Williams SD, Johnson TJ. Improved assignments of the vibrational fundamental modes of ortho-, meta-, and para-xylene using gas- and liquid-phase infrared and Raman spectra combined with ab initio calculations: Quantitative gas-phase infrared spectra for detection. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Duvernay F, Butscher T, Chiavassa T, Coussan S. IR induced photochemistry of glycolaldehyde in nitrogen matrix. Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Lindenmaier R, Williams SD, Sams RL, Johnson TJ. Quantitative Infrared Absorption Spectra and Vibrational Assignments of Crotonaldehyde and Methyl Vinyl Ketone Using Gas-Phase Mid-Infrared, Far-Infrared, and Liquid Raman Spectra: s-cis vs s-trans Composition Confirmed via Temperature Studies and ab Initio Methods. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1195-1212. [PMID: 27983851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and crotonaldehyde are chemical isomers; both are also important species in tropospheric chemistry. We report quantitative vapor-phase infrared spectra of crotonaldehyde and MVK vapors over the 540-6500 cm-1 range. Vibrational assignments of all fundamental modes are made for both molecules on the basis of far- and mid-infrared vapor-phase spectra, liquid Raman spectra, along with density functional theory and ab initio MP2 and high energy-accuracy compound theoretical models (W1BD). Theoretical results indicate that at room temperature the crotonaldehyde equilibrium mixture is approximately 97% s-trans and only 3% s-cis conformer. Nearly all observed bands are thus associated with the s-trans conformer, but a few appear to be uniquely associated with the s-cis conformer, notably ν16c at 730.90 cm-1, which displays a substantial intensity increase with temperature (70% upon going from 5 to 50 o C). The intensity of the corresponding mode of the s-trans conformer decreases with temperature. Under the same conditions, the MVK equilibrium mixture is approximately 69% s-trans conformer and 31% s-cis. W1BD calculations indicate that for MVK this is one of those (rare) cases where there are comparable populations of both conformers, approximately doubling the number of observed bands and exacerbating the vibrational assignments. We uniquely assign the bands associated with both the MVK s-cis conformer as well as those of the s-trans, thus completing the vibrational analyses of both conformers from the same set of experimental spectra. Integrated band intensities are reported for both molecules along with global warming potential values. Using the quantitative IR data, potential bands for atmospheric monitoring are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Lindenmaier
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Stephen D Williams
- A. R. Smith Department of Chemistry, Appalachian State University , Boone, North Carolina 28618, United States
| | - Robert L Sams
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Timothy J Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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Akouche M, Jaber M, Zins EL, Maurel MC, Lambert JF, Georgelin T. Thermal Behavior of d-Ribose Adsorbed on Silica: Effect of Inorganic Salt Coadsorption and Significance for Prebiotic Chemistry. Chemistry 2016; 22:15834-15846. [PMID: 27624284 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding ribose reactivity is a crucial step in the "RNA world" scenario because this molecule is a component of all extant nucleotides that make up RNA. In solution, ribose is unstable and susceptible to thermal destruction. We examined how ribose behaves upon thermal activation when adsorbed on silica, either alone or with the coadsorption of inorganic salts (MgCl2 , CaCl2 , SrCl2 , CuCl2 , FeCl2 , FeCl3 , ZnCl2 ). A combination of 13 C NMR, in situ IR, and TGA analyses revealed a variety of phenomena. When adsorbed alone, ribose remains stable up to 150 °C, at which point ring opening is observed, together with minor oxidation to a lactone. All the metal salts studied showed specific interactions with ribose after dehydration, resulting in the formation of polydentate metal ion complexes. Anomeric equilibria were affected, generally favoring ribofuranoses. Zn2+ stabilized ribose up to higher temperatures than bare silica (180 to 200 °C). Most other cations had an adverse effect on ribose stability, with ring opening already upon drying at 70 °C. In addition, alkaline earth cations catalyzed the dehydration of ribose to furfural and, to variable degrees, its further decarbonylation to furan. Transition-metal ions with open d-shells took part in redox reactions with ribose, either as reagents or as catalysts. These results allow the likelihood of prebiotic chemistry scenarios to be evaluated, and may also be of interest for the valorization of biomass-derived carbohydrates by heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariame Akouche
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and CNRS UMR 7197, LRS case courrier 178, UPMC 4 Pl. Jussieu, 75252, PARIS CEDEX 05, France
| | - Maguy Jaber
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and CNRS UMR 8220, LAMS, case courrier 225, UPMC 4 Pl. Jussieu, 75252, Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | - Emilie-Laure Zins
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and CNRS UMR 8233, MONARIS, case courrier, UPMC 4 Pl. Jussieu, 75252, Paris CEDEX 05, France
| | | | - Jean-Francois Lambert
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and CNRS UMR 7197, LRS case courrier 178, UPMC 4 Pl. Jussieu, 75252, PARIS CEDEX 05, France.
| | - Thomas Georgelin
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 and CNRS UMR 7197, LRS case courrier 178, UPMC 4 Pl. Jussieu, 75252, PARIS CEDEX 05, France.
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Lindenmaier R, Tipton N, Sams RL, Brauer CS, Blake TA, Williams SD, Johnson TJ. Assignment of the Fundamental Modes of Hydroxyacetone Using Gas-Phase Infrared, Far-Infrared, Raman, and ab Initio Methods: Band Strengths for Atmospheric Measurements. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:5993-6003. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Lindenmaier
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Nicole Tipton
- A.
R. Smith Department of Chemistry, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28618, United States
| | - Robert L. Sams
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Carolyn S. Brauer
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Thomas A. Blake
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Stephen D. Williams
- A.
R. Smith Department of Chemistry, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28618, United States
| | - Timothy J. Johnson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
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17
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Richter WE, Silva AF, Vidal LN, Bruns RE. Characteristic infrared intensities of carbonyl stretching vibrations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:17575-85. [PMID: 27306140 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01035k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The experimental infrared fundamental intensities of gas phase carbonyl compounds obtained by the integration of spectral bands in the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) spectral database are in good agreement with the intensities reported by other laboratories having a root mean square error of 27 km mol(-1) or about 13% of the average intensity value. The Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules/Charge-Charge Transfer-Counterpolarization (QTAIM/CCTCP) model indicates that the large intensity variation from 61.7 to 415.4 km mol(-1) is largely due to static atomic charge contributions, whereas charge transfer and counterpolarization effects essentially cancel one another leaving only a small net effect. The Characteristic Substituent Shift Model estimates the atomic charge contributions to the carbonyl stretching intensities within 30 km mol(-1) or 10% of the average contribution. However, owing to the size of the 2 × C × CTCP interaction contribution, the total intensities cannot be estimated with this degree of accuracy. The dynamic intensity contributions of the carbon and oxygen atoms account for almost all of the total stretching intensities. These contributions vary over large ranges with the dynamic contributions of carbon being about twice the size of the oxygen ones for a large majority of carbonyls. Although the carbon monoxide molecule has an almost null dipole moment contrary to the very polar bond of the characteristic carbonyl group, its QTAIM/CCTCP model is very similar to those found for the carbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner E Richter
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, UNICAMP Campinas-SP, 13.083-970, Brazil.
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Porterfield JP, Baraban JH, Troy TP, Ahmed M, McCarthy MC, Morgan KM, Daily JW, Nguyen TL, Stanton JF, Ellison GB. Pyrolysis of the Simplest Carbohydrate, Glycolaldehyde (CHO−CH2OH), and Glyoxal in a Heated Microreactor. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:2161-72. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tyler P. Troy
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Musahid Ahmed
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael C. McCarthy
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Kathleen M. Morgan
- Department
of Chemistry, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, Louisiana 70125-1098, United States
| | | | - Thanh Lam Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - John F. Stanton
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Johnson TJ, Bernacki BE, Redding RL, Su YF, Brauer CS, Myers TL, Stephan EG. Intensity-value corrections for integrating sphere measurements of solid samples measured behind glass. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 68:1224-1234. [PMID: 25280186 DOI: 10.1366/13-07322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and calibrated directional-hemispherical reflectance spectra of solids are important for both in situ and remote sensing. Many solids are in the form of powders or granules and to measure their diffuse reflectance spectra in the laboratory, it is often necessary to place the samples behind a transparent medium such as glass for the ultraviolet (UV), visible, or near-infrared spectral regions. Using both experimental methods and a simple optical model, we demonstrate that glass (fused quartz in our case) leads to artifacts in the reflectance values. We report our observations that the measured reflectance values, for both hemispherical and diffuse reflectance, are distorted by the additional reflections arising at the air-quartz and sample-quartz interfaces. The values are dependent on the sample reflectance and are offset in intensity in the hemispherical case, leading to measured values up to ~6% too high for a 2% reflectance surface, ~3.8% too high for 10% reflecting surfaces, approximately correct for 40-60% diffuse-reflecting surfaces, and ~1.5% too low for 99% reflecting Spectralon® surfaces. For the case of diffuse-only reflectance, the measured values are uniformly too low due to the polished glass, with differences of nearly 6% for a 99% reflecting matte surface. The deviations arise from the added reflections from the quartz surfaces, as verified by both theory and experiment, and depend on sphere design. Empirical correction factors were implemented into post-processing software to redress the artifact for hemispherical and diffuse reflectance data across the 300-2300 nm range.
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