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Jin Z, Zhang J, Chen S, Chen Y, Zhang W, Shi Z, Yu J, Li S, Tang Z, Qin Z. Probing the geometric and electronic structures of the lanthanide oxide HoO n-1/0 (n = 1-3) clusters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 248:119287. [PMID: 33316654 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The complex 4f and 5d orbits of lanthanide oxide clusters increases the complexity and difficulty in both theoretical and experimental research. Combining the photoelectron imaging spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, the structural and electronic properties of HoO- were studied. The adiabatic detachment energy (ADE) and vertical detachment energy (VDE) of HoO- have been measured to be 1.31(3) eV and 1.42(2) eV, respectively. To determine the vibrational structure and observed spectral bands in the photoelectron spectrum, Franck-Condon simulation of the ground-state transition for HoO- has been performed. The fundamental frequency of ground-state HoO is estimated to be 893 ± 73 cm-1. Density functional method (DFT) was used to study the neutral and anionic clusters of HoOn-1/0 (n = 1-3), and the most stable cluster structures were obtained. Based on the DFT calculations, the theoretical ADEs and VDEs of anionic HoOn- (n = 1-3) clusters were obtained and the photoelectron spectra (PES) of HoOn- (n = 1-3) clusters were simulated, which might stimulate further experimental investigations on the Ho oxide clusters. In addition, the corresponding molecular orbitals (MOs) were also discussed to reveal the interaction between Ho and O atoms. This study can help us to understand the chemical bonding in Ho-containing molecules and will provide some light in their surface chemistry and photochemistry investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhang Jin
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiangle Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Shanjun Chen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China.
| | - Weibing Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Zaifa Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jingxiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Song Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Zichao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zhengbo Qin
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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Wang J, Chen J, Wei Q, Cheng SB. On the dual aromaticity and external field induced superhalogen modulation of the AuSc2 cluster: A computational study. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chen J, Yang H, Wang J, Cheng SB. Revealing the effect of the oriented external electronic field on the superatom-polymeric Zr 3O 3 cluster: Superhalogen modulation and spectroscopic characteristics. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 237:118400. [PMID: 32348920 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seeking novel strategies for designing superatoms is of significance for the potential applications in cluster-assembled nanomaterials. Herein, by employing the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the effect of the oriented external electronic field (OEEF) on the electronic and photoelectron spectroscopic properties of the superatom-polymeric Zr3O3 cluster was explored. We present the evidence that the increment of the OEEF along all directions results in the remarkable enhancement of the electron affinity (EA) of Zr3O3, which turns it into superhalogen with an EA value of 4.02 eV under 0.020 au OEEF along +y direction. Strikingly, this EA value is larger than that of any halogen atoms in the periodic table. The downward shift of the electronic spectrum induced by the OEEF was confirmed to be the origin of the observed EA enhancement. Furthermore, the investigation of the OEEF's effect on the molecular orbitals (MOs) and photoelectron spectra (PES) of the cluster reveals that the OEEF could alter the electron distribution as well as promoting the blue shift of the PES without changing the spacings between different energetic levels. The OEEF highlighted here provides a new strategy in designing superatoms together with tuning their electronic and spectroscopic properties conveniently and precisely. We wish this finding could stimulate more efforts in designing novel superatoms or superatom-assembled materials from both theory and experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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Chen J, Yang H, Wang J, Cheng SB. Probing the Geometric and Electronic Structures of the Monogadolinium Oxide GdO n-1/0 ( n = 1-4) Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8776-8782. [PMID: 30351102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The existence of abundant 4f electrons significantly increases the complexity and difficulty in precisely determining the geometric and electronic structures of the lanthanide oxide clusters. Herein, by combining the photoelectron imaging spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the electronic structure of GdO was investigated. An electron affinity (EA) of 1.16 ± 0.09 eV is obtained, and the measured anisotropy parameter (β) provides direct experimental evidence about the orbital symmetry of the detached electron in GdO-. DFT calculations have been employed to acquire the optimized geometries of the GdO n-1/0 ( n = 2-4) clusters, and multiple activated oxygen species, which are radical, peroxide, superoxide, triradical, and ozonide radical, are found in these oxide clusters. Simulated photoelectron spectra (PES) of the GdO n-1/0 ( n = 2-4) clusters are examined, which may stimulate further experimental investigations on the gadolinium oxide clusters. In addition, the valence molecular orbitals (MOs) of these clusters are also discussed to reveal the interaction between the lanthanide metal (Gd) and O atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China.,Suzhou Institute of Shandong University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Physics , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
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Chen J, Yang H, Wang J, Cheng SB. Theoretical investigations on the d-p hybridized aromaticity, photoelectron spectroscopy and neutral salts of the LaX 2- (X=Al, Ga, In) clusters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 203:132-138. [PMID: 29874633 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an extensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the geometrical and electronic structures of the triatomic LaX2- (X=Al, Ga, In) clusters. Various trail structures and spin states have been attempted to determine the lowest-energy geometries of these La-doped metal clusters. The ground states of all three clusters are calculated to possess the trigonal structures with the singlet multiplicities. The calculations on molecular orbitals (MOs) and nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) values have been performed to examine the aromatic characteristics of the LaX2- (X=Al, Ga, In) clusters. The present calculations disclose that all these metal clusters are doubly aromatic, namely d-p hybridized σ and π aromaticity resulting from the effective overlap between the 5d atomic orbital of the La atom and the p orbitals of the IIIA group elements. Theoretical vertical detachment energies (VDEs) were also calculated to simulate the photoelectron spectra (PES) of the clusters. In addition, by adding the alkali cations (Li+ and Na+) into the LaX2- (X=Al, Ga, In) clusters, the geometries and electronic structures of the corresponding neutral salts have also been investigated to gain more insights in the potential of using these aromatic anions as building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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Jian T, Lopez GV, Wang LS. Photoelectron Spectroscopy of BiAu– and BiBO–: Further Evidence of the Analogy between Au and Boronyl. J Phys Chem B 2015; 120:1635-40. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Jian
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Gary V. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
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