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Xu YN, Mei B, Xu Q, Fu HQ, Zhang XY, Liu PF, Jiang Z, Yang HG. In situ/Operando Synchrotron Radiation Analytical Techniques for CO 2/CO Reduction Reaction: From Atomic Scales to Mesoscales. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404213. [PMID: 38600431 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide/carbon monoxide reduction reaction (CO(2)RR) has emerged as a prospective and appealing strategy to realize carbon neutrality for manufacturing sustainable chemical products. Developing highly active electrocatalysts and stable devices has been demonstrated as effective approach to enhance the conversion efficiency of CO(2)RR. In order to rationally design electrocatalysts and devices, a comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic structure evolution within catalysts and micro-environment change around electrode interface, particularly under operation conditions, is indispensable. Synchrotron radiation has been recognized as a versatile characterization platform, garnering widespread attention owing to its high brightness, elevated flux, excellent directivity, strong polarization and exceptional stability. This review systematically introduces the applications of synchrotron radiation technologies classified by radiation sources with varying wavelengths in CO(2)RR. By virtue of in situ/operando synchrotron radiationanalytical techniques, we also summarize relevant dynamic evolution processes from electronic structure, atomic configuration, molecular adsorption, crystal lattice and devices, spanning scales from the angstrom to the micrometer. The merits and limitations of diverse synchrotron characterization techniques are summarized, and their applicable scenarios in CO(2)RR are further presented. On the basis of the state-of-the-art fourth-generation synchrotron facilities, a perspective for further deeper understanding of the CO(2)RR process using synchrotron radiation analytical techniques is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ning Xu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Bingbao Mei
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Qiucheng Xu
- Surface Physics and Catalysis (Surf Cat) Section, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Huai Qin Fu
- Center for Catalysis and Clean Energy, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Xin Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Peng Fei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Hua Gui Yang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hierarchical Nanomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China
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2
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Cai M, Sun S, Bao J. Synchrotron Radiation Based X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Applications in Photocatalysis. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300939. [PMID: 38374799 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is one of the most promising green technologies to utilize solar energy for clean energy achievement and environmental governance. There is a knotty problem to rational designing high-performance photocatalyst, which largely depends on an in-depth insight into their structure-activity relationships and complex photocatalytic reaction mechanisms. Synchrotron radiation based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is an important characterization method for photocatlayst to offer the element-specific key geometric and electronic structural information at the atomic level, on this basis, time-resolved XAS technique has a huge impact on mechanistic understanding of photochemical reaction owing to their powerful ability to probe, in real-time, the electronic and geometric structures evolution within photocatalysis reactions. This review will focus on the fundamentals of XAS and their applications in photocatalysis. The detailed applications obtained from XAS is described through the following aspects: 1) identifying local structure of photocatalyst; 2) uncovering in situ structure and chemical state evolution during photocatalysis; 3) revealing the photoexcited process. We will provide an in depth understanding on how the XAS method can guide the rational design of highly efficient photocatalyst. Finally, a systematic summary of XAS and related significance is made and the research perspectives are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdie Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Song Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jun Bao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
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3
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Vogt M, Smolentsev G. Time‐Resolved X‐Ray Spectroscopy to Study Luminophores with Relevance for OLEDs. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Vogt
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften II, Institut für Chemie Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Kurt-Mothes-Str. 2 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Grigory Smolentsev
- Energy and Environment Research Division Paul Scherrer Institute Forschungsstrasse 111 5232 Villigen-PSI Switzerland
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4
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Santander-Nelli M, Cortés-Arriagada D, Sanhueza L, Dreyse P. Dependence between luminescence properties of Cu( i) complexes and electronic/structural parameters derived from steric effects. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00407k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of steric effects induced by bulky N^N ligands and their relationship with the luminescence properties of Cu(i) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireya Santander-Nelli
- Advanced Integrated Technologies (AINTECH), Chorrillo Uno, Parcela 21, Lampa, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada (CIBQA), Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, General Gana 1702, Santiago 8370854, Chile
| | - Diego Cortés-Arriagada
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación. Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso, 2409, San Joaquín, Santiago 8940577, Chile
| | - Luis Sanhueza
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Casilla 15-D, Temuco, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Bioproductos y Materiales Avanzados (BioMA), Universidad Católica de Temuco, Av. Rudecindo Ortega 02950, Temuco, Chile
| | - Paulina Dreyse
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avda. España 1680, Casilla 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile
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5
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Guda A, Windisch J, Probst B, van Bokhoven JA, Alberto R, Nachtegaal M, Chen LX, Smolentsev G. Excited-state structure of copper phenanthroline-based photosensitizers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26729-26736. [PMID: 34842872 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02823e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cu diimine complexes present a noble metal free alternative to classical Ru, Re, Ir and Pt based photosensitizers in solution photochemistry, photoelectrochemical or dye-sensitized solar cells. Optimization of these dyes requires understanding of factors governing the key photochemical properties: excited state lifetime and emission quantum yield. The involvement of exciplex formation in the deactivation of the photoexcited state is a key question. We investigate the excited-state structure of [Cu(dmp)2]+ and [Cu(dsbtmp)2]+ (dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, dsbtmp = 2,9-di-sec-butyl-3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) using pump-probe X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and DFT. Features of XAS that distinguish flattened tetrahedral site and 5-coordinated geometry with an additional solvent near Cu(II) center are identified. Pump-probe XAS demonstrates that for both complexes the excited state is 4-coordinated. For [Cu(dmp)2]+ the exciplex is 0.24 eV higher in energy than the flattened triplet state, therefore it can be involved in deactivation pathways as a non-observable state that forms slower than it decays. For [Cu(dsbtmp)2]+ the excited-state structure is characterized by Cu-N distances of 1.98 and 2.07 Å and minor distortions, leading to a 3 orders of magnitude longer excited-state lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Johannes Windisch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Probst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen A van Bokhoven
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland. .,Department of Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Roger Alberto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | | | - Lin X Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne 60439, IL, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston 60208, IL, USA
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Abstract
Many of the proposed applications of metal-organic framework (MOF) materials may fail to materialize if the community does not fully address the difficult fundamental work needed to map out the 'time gap' in the literature - that is, the lack of investigation into the time-dependent behaviours of MOFs as opposed to equilibrium or steady-state properties. Although there are a range of excellent investigations into MOF dynamics and time-dependent phenomena, these works represent only a tiny fraction of the vast number of MOF studies. This Review provides an overview of current research into the temporal evolution of MOF structures and properties by analysing the time-resolved experimental techniques that can be used to monitor such behaviours. We focus on innovative techniques, while also discussing older methods often used in other chemical systems. Four areas are examined: MOF formation, guest motion, electron motion and framework motion. In each area, we highlight the disparity between the relatively small amount of (published) research on key time-dependent phenomena and the enormous scope for acquiring the wider and deeper understanding that is essential for the future of the field.
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7
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Zimmermann P, Peredkov S, Abdala PM, DeBeer S, Tromp M, Müller C, van Bokhoven JA. Modern X-ray spectroscopy: XAS and XES in the laboratory. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Lin SC, Chang CC, Chiu SY, Pai HT, Liao TY, Hsu CS, Chiang WH, Tsai MK, Chen HM. Operando time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals the chemical nature enabling highly selective CO 2 reduction. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3525. [PMID: 32665607 PMCID: PMC7360608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper electrocatalysts have been shown to selectively reduce carbon dioxide to hydrocarbons. Nevertheless, the absence of a systematic study based on time-resolved spectroscopy renders the functional agent-either metallic or oxidative Copper-for the selectivity still undecidable. Herein, we develop an operando seconds-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy to uncover the chemical state evolution of working catalysts. An oxide-derived Copper electrocatalyst is employed as a model catalyst to offer scientific insights into the roles metal states serve in carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). Using a potential switching approach, the model catalyst can achieve a steady chemical state of half-Cu(0)-and-half-Cu(I) and selectively produce asymmetric C2 products - C2H5OH. Furthermore, a theoretical analysis reveals that a surface composed of Cu-Cu(I) ensembles can have dual carbon monoxide molecules coupled asymmetrically, which potentially enhances the catalyst's CO2RR product selectivity toward C2 products. Our results offer understandings of the fundamental chemical states and insights to the establishment of selective CO2RR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Chih Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Chang
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, 11114, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yun Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Tien Pai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Shuo Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Kang Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan.
| | - Hao Ming Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan.
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9
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Smolentsev G, Milne CJ, Guda A, Haldrup K, Szlachetko J, Azzaroli N, Cirelli C, Knopp G, Bohinc R, Menzi S, Pamfilidis G, Gashi D, Beck M, Mozzanica A, James D, Bacellar C, Mancini GF, Tereshchenko A, Shapovalov V, Kwiatek WM, Czapla-Masztafiak J, Cannizzo A, Gazzetto M, Sander M, Levantino M, Kabanova V, Rychagova E, Ketkov S, Olaru M, Beckmann J, Vogt M. Taking a snapshot of the triplet excited state of an OLED organometallic luminophore using X-rays. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2131. [PMID: 32358505 PMCID: PMC7195477 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OLED technology beyond small or expensive devices requires light-emitters, luminophores, based on earth-abundant elements. Understanding and experimental verification of charge transfer in luminophores are needed for this development. An organometallic multicore Cu complex comprising Cu–C and Cu–P bonds represents an underexplored type of luminophore. To investigate the charge transfer and structural rearrangements in this material, we apply complementary pump-probe X-ray techniques: absorption, emission, and scattering including pump-probe measurements at the X-ray free-electron laser SwissFEL. We find that the excitation leads to charge movement from C- and P- coordinated Cu sites and from the phosphorus atoms to phenyl rings; the Cu core slightly rearranges with 0.05 Å increase of the shortest Cu–Cu distance. The use of a Cu cluster bonded to the ligands through C and P atoms is an efficient way to keep structural rigidity of luminophores. Obtained data can be used to verify computational methods for the development of luminophores. OLED materials based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence have promising efficiency. Here, the authors investigate an organometallic multicore Cu complex as luminophore, by pump-probe X-ray techniques at three different facilities deriving a complete picture of the charge transfer in the triplet excited state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander Guda
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Kristoffer Haldrup
- Physics Department, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakub Szlachetko
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
| | | | | | - Gregor Knopp
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Rok Bohinc
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Menzi
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Dardan Gashi
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Beck
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel James
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Camila Bacellar
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giulia F Mancini
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Ultrafast Spectroscopy, Lausanne Center for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrei Tereshchenko
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Victor Shapovalov
- The Smart Materials Research Institute, Southern Federal University, 344090, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Wojciech M Kwiatek
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-342, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Andrea Cannizzo
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michela Gazzetto
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Sander
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Matteo Levantino
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Victoria Kabanova
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Elena Rychagova
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina, 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Sergey Ketkov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina, 49, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
| | - Marian Olaru
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Bremen, Leobenerstr. 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Bremen, Leobenerstr. 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Matthias Vogt
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography, University of Bremen, Leobenerstr. 7, 28359, Bremen, Germany. .,Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, Institut für Chemie, Anorganische Chemie, D-06120, Halle, Germany.
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10
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Smolentsev G, van Vliet KM, Azzaroli N, van Bokhoven JA, Brouwer AM, de Bruin B, Nachtegaal M, Tromp M. Pump-probe XAS investigation of the triplet state of an Ir photosensitizer with chromenopyridinone ligands. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:896-902. [PMID: 29855026 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00065d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The triplet excited state of a new Ir-based photosensitizer with two chromenopyridinone and one bipyridine-based ligands has been studied by pump-probe X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy coupled with DFT calculations. The excited state has a lifetime of 0.5 μs in acetonitrile and is characterized by very small changes of the local atomic structure with an average metal-ligand bond length change of less than 0.01 Å. DFT-based calculations allow the interpretation of the XANES in the energy range of ∼50 eV around the absorption edge. The observed transient XANES signal arises from an additional metal-centered Ir 5d vacancy in the excited state which appears as a result of electron transfer from the metal to the ligand. The overall energy shift of the excited state spectrum originates from the shift of 2p and unoccupied states induced by screening effects. The approach for the analysis of time-resolved spectra of 5d metal complexes is quite general and can also be used if excited and ground state structures are significantly different.
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11
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Hayes D, Kohler L, Chen LX, Mulfort KL. Ligand Mediation of Vectorial Charge Transfer in Cu(I)diimine Chromophore-Acceptor Dyads. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2070-2076. [PMID: 29614231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present the photoinduced charge separation dynamics of four molecular dyads composed of heteroleptic Cu(I)bis(phenanthroline) chromophores linked directly to the common electron acceptor naphthalene diimide. The dyads were designed to allow us to (1) detect any kinetic preference for directionality during photoinduced electron transfer across the heteroleptic complex and (2) probe the influence of excited-state flattening on intramolecular charge separation. Singular value decomposition of ultrafast optical transient absorption spectra demonstrates that charge transfer occurs with strong directional preference, and charge separation occurs up to 35 times faster when the acceptor is linked to the sterically blocking ligand. Further, the charge-separated state in these dyads is stabilized by polar solvents, resulting in dramatically longer lifetimes for dyads with minimal substitution about the Cu(I) center. This unexpected but exciting observation suggests a new approach to the design of Cu(I)bis(phenanthroline) chromophores that can support long-lived vectorial charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugan Hayes
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Lars Kohler
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Lin X Chen
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , Illinois 60208 , United States
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Division of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , Illinois 60439 , United States
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12
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Structural Kinetics of Cathode Events on Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Catalysts Studied by Operando Time-Resolved XAFS. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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He M, Hu Q, Mei Y, Zhou B, Kong J, Zhang X. Metal-to-Ligand Charge-Transfer-based Visual Detection of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity. ANAL SCI 2018. [PMID: 29526903 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.34.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to directly detect alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in undiluted serum samples is of great importance for clinical diagnosis. In this work, we report the use of the distinctive metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) absorption properties of the Cu(BCA)2+ (BCA = bicinchoninic acid) reporter for the visual detection of ALP activity. In the presence of ALP, the substrate ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP) can be enzymatically hydrolyzed to release ascorbic acid (AA), which in turn reduces Cu2+ to Cu+. Subsequently, the complexation of Cu+ with the BCA ligand generates the chromogenic Cu(BCA)2+ reporter, accompanied by a color change of colorless-to-purple of the solution with a sharp absorption band at 562 nm. The underlying MLCT-based mechanism has been demonstrated on the basis of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Needless of any sequential multistep operations and elaborately designed colorimetric probe, the proposed MLCT-based method allows for a fast and sensitive visual detection of ALP activity within a broad linear range of 20 - 200 mU mL-1 (R2 = 0.999), with a detection limit of 1.25 mU mL-1. The results also indicate that it is highly selective and has great potential for the screening of ALP inhibitors in drug discovery. More importantly, it shows a good analytical performance for the direct detection of the endogenous ALP levels of undiluted human serum samples. Owing to the prominent simplicity and practicability, it is reasonable to conclude that the proposed MLCT-based method has a high application prospect in clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui He
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
| | - Qiong Hu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
| | - Yaqi Mei
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
| | - Baojing Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Chemistry Department, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida
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14
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Keller S, Brunner F, Junquera-Hernández JM, Pertegás A, La-Placa MG, Prescimone A, Constable EC, Bolink HJ, Ortí E, Housecroft CE. CF 3 Substitution of [Cu(P^P)(bpy)][PF 6 ] Complexes: Effects on Photophysical Properties and Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell Performance. Chempluschem 2018; 83:217-229. [PMID: 31957280 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Herein, [Cu(P^P)(N^N)][PF6 ] complexes (P^P=bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether (POP) or 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene (xantphos); N^N=CF3 -substituted 2,2'-bipyridines (6,6'-(CF3 )2 bpy, 6-CF3 bpy, 5,5'-(CF3 )2 bpy, 4,4'-(CF3 )2 bpy, 6,6'-Me2 -4,4'-(CF3 )2 bpy)) are reported. The effects of CF3 substitution on their structure as well as their electrochemical and photophysical properties are also presented. The HOMO-LUMO gap was tuned by the N^N ligand; the largest redshift in the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band was for [Cu(P^P){5,5'-(CF3 )2 bpy}][PF6 ]. In solution, the compounds are weak yellow to red emitters. The emission properties depend on the substitution pattern, but this cannot be explained by simple electronic arguments. Among powders, [Cu(xantphos){4,4'-(CF3 )2 bpy}][PF6 ] has the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY; 50.3 %) with an emission lifetime of 12 μs. Compared to 298 K solution behavior, excited-state lifetimes became longer in frozen Me-THF (77 K; THF=tetrahydrofuran), thus indicating thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Time-dependent (TD)-DFT calculations show that the energy gap between the lowest-energy singlet and triplet excited states (0.12-0.20 eV) permits TADF. Light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) with [Cu(POP)+(6-CF3 bpy)][PF6 ], [Cu(xantphos)(6-CF3 bpy)][PF6 ], or [Cu(xantphos){6,6'-Me2 -4,4'-(CF3 )2 bpy}][PF6 ] emit yellow electroluminescence. The LEC with [Cu(xantphos){6,6'-Me2 -4,4'-(CF3 )2 bpy}][PF6 ] had the fastest turn-on time (8 min), and the LEC with the longest lifetime (t1/2 =31 h) contained [Cu(xantphos)(6-CF3 bpy)][PF6 ]; these LECs reached maximum luminances of 131 and 109 cd m-2 , respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Brunner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Antonio Pertegás
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 45980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria-Grazia La-Placa
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 45980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Edwin C Constable
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henk J Bolink
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 45980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Enrique Ortí
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 45980, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Catherine E Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Hayes D, Kohler L, Hadt RG, Zhang X, Liu C, Mulfort KL, Chen LX. Excited state electron and energy relays in supramolecular dinuclear complexes revealed by ultrafast optical and X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2018; 9:860-875. [PMID: 29629153 PMCID: PMC5873173 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc04055e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of photoinduced electron and energy transfer in a family of tetrapyridophenazine-bridged heteroleptic homo- and heterodinuclear copper(i) bis(phenanthroline)/ruthenium(ii) polypyridyl complexes were studied using ultrafast optical and multi-edge X-ray transient absorption spectroscopies. This work combines the synthesis of heterodinuclear Cu(i)-Ru(ii) analogs of the homodinuclear Cu(i)-Cu(i) targets with spectroscopic analysis and electronic structure calculations to first disentangle the dynamics at individual metal sites by taking advantage of the element and site specificity of X-ray absorption and theoretical methods. The excited state dynamical models developed for the heterodinuclear complexes are then applied to model the more challenging homodinuclear complexes. These results suggest that both intermetallic charge and energy transfer can be observed in an asymmetric dinuclear copper complex in which the ground state redox potentials of the copper sites are offset by only 310 meV. We also demonstrate the ability of several of these complexes to effectively and unidirectionally shuttle energy between different metal centers, a property that could be of great use in the design of broadly absorbing and multifunctional multimetallic photocatalysts. This work provides an important step toward developing both a fundamental conceptual picture and a practical experimental handle with which synthetic chemists, spectroscopists, and theoreticians may collaborate to engineer cheap and efficient photocatalytic materials capable of performing coulombically demanding chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dugan Hayes
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
| | - Lars Kohler
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
| | - Ryan G Hadt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
| | - Lin X Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , Argonne , IL 60439 , USA . ; ;
- Department of Chemistry , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208 , USA
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16
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Kubiček K, Thekku Veedu S, Storozhuk D, Kia R, Techert S. Geometric and electronic properties in a series of phosphorescent heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes: Crystallographic and computational studies. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Hu Q, Ma K, Mei Y, He M, Kong J, Zhang X. Metal-to-ligand charge-transfer: Applications to visual detection of β-galactosidase activity and sandwich immunoassay. Talanta 2017; 167:253-259. [PMID: 28340718 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report a novel use of the distinctive metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) absorption properties of the chromogenic Fe(BPDS)34- (BPDS=bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid) reporter for the visual detection of β-galactosidase (β-Gal) activity and sandwich immunoassay. The enzymatic hydrolysis of the substrate p-aminophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside can switch on the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ and the subsequent complexation of Fe2+ with the BPDS ligand to generate the Fe(BPDS)34- reporter, leading to the appearance of the intense MLCT absorption band at 535nm and the colorless-to-red color change of the solution. Simply through a single step, the activity of β-Gal can be sensitively and selectively detected within the dynamic range of 0-220mUmL-1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.69mUmL-1. This approach is applicable for the visual detection of β-Gal activities in the presence of complex human serum samples. Besides, when integrated with the sandwich immunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen, a LOD of 1.16ngmL-1 can be achieved. In light of its prominent simplicity and practicality, our MLCT-based approach holds great potential in diagnostic and analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Hu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Kefeng Ma
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Yaqi Mei
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Minhui He
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China; Chemistry Department, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, East Fowler Ave, Tampa, Florida 33620-4202, United States.
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18
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Facile colorimetric assay of alkaline phosphatase activity using Fe(II)-phenanthroline reporter. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 950:170-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Hu Q, Zhou B, Li F, Kong J, Zhang X. Turn-On Colorimetric Platform for Dual Activity Detection of Acid and Alkaline Phosphatase in Human Whole Blood. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:3040-3045. [PMID: 27615725 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The activity detection of acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is of great importance to the diagnosis and prognosis of related diseases. In this work, we report for the first time a turn-on colorimetric platform for the activity detection of ACP and ALP, by exploiting Cu(BCDS)22- (BCDS=bathocuproinedisulfonate) as the probe. The presence of ACP or ALP dephosphorylates the substrate ascorbic acid 2-phosphate to produce ascorbic acid, which then reduces Cu(BCDS)22- into Cu(BCDS)23- , leading to a turn-on spectral absorption at 484 nm and a dramatic color change of the solution from colorless to orange-red. The underlying metal-to-ligand charge-transfer mechanism has been demonstrated by quantum mechanical computations. This platform allows a rapid, sensitive readout of ACP and ALP activities within the dynamic range from 0 to 220 mU ml-1 . In addition, it is highly immune to false-positive results and also highly selective. More importantly, it is applicable in the presence of human serum and even whole blood samples. These results demonstrate that our platform holds great potential in clinical practices and in the point-of-care analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Hu
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Baojing Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Feng Li
- American Advanced Nanotechnology, Houston, TX, 77459, USA
| | - Jinming Kong
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- Chemistry Department, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620-4202, USA
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20
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Garakyaraghi S, Crapps PD, McCusker CE, Castellano FN. Cuprous Phenanthroline MLCT Chromophore Featuring Synthetically Tailored Photophysics. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:10628-10636. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Garakyaraghi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Peter D. Crapps
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Catherine E. McCusker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Felix N. Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
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21
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Pascarelli S, Mathon O, Mairs T, Kantor I, Agostini G, Strohm C, Pasternak S, Perrin F, Berruyer G, Chappelet P, Clavel C, Dominguez MC. The Time-resolved and Extreme-conditions XAS (TEXAS) facility at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility: the energy-dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy beamline ID24. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2016; 23:353-68. [PMID: 26698085 PMCID: PMC5297599 DOI: 10.1107/s160057751501783x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility has recently made available to the user community a facility totally dedicated to Time-resolved and Extreme-conditions X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy--TEXAS. Based on an upgrade of the former energy-dispersive XAS beamline ID24, it provides a unique experimental tool combining unprecedented brilliance (up to 10(14) photons s(-1) on a 4 µm × 4 µm FWHM spot) and detection speed for a full EXAFS spectrum (100 ps per spectrum). The science mission includes studies of processes down to the nanosecond timescale, and investigations of matter at extreme pressure (500 GPa), temperature (10000 K) and magnetic field (30 T). The core activities of the beamline are centered on new experiments dedicated to the investigation of extreme states of matter that can be maintained only for very short periods of time. Here the infrastructure, optical scheme, detection systems and sample environments used to enable the mission-critical performance are described, and examples of first results on the investigation of the electronic and local structure in melts at pressure and temperature conditions relevant to the Earth's interior and in laser-shocked matter are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pascarelli
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - O. Mathon
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - T. Mairs
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - I. Kantor
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - G. Agostini
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C. Strohm
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Pasternak
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - F. Perrin
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - G. Berruyer
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - P. Chappelet
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C. Clavel
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - M. C. Dominguez
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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22
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Smolentsev G, Sundström V. Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy for the study of molecular systems relevant for artificial photosynthesis. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Huang D, Zou Y, Jiao F, Zhang F, Zang Y, Di CA, Xu W, Zhu D. Interface-Located Photothermoelectric Effect of Organic Thermoelectric Materials in Enabling NIR Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:8968-8973. [PMID: 25875974 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic photothermoelectric (PTE) materials are promising candidates for various photodetection applications. Herein, we report on poly[Cux(Cu-ett)]:PVDF, which is an excellent polymeric thermoelectric composite, possesses unprecedented PTE properties. The NIR light irradiation on the poly[Cu(x)(Cu-ett)]:PVDF film could induce obvious enhancement in Seebeck coefficient from 52 ± 1.5 to 79 ± 5.0 μV/K. By taking advantage of prominent photothermoelectric effect of poly[Cu(x)(Cu-ett)]:PVDF, an unprecedented voltage of 12 mV was obtained. This excellent performance enables its promising applications in electricity generation from solar energy and NIR detection to a wide range of light intensities ranging from 1.7 mW/cm(2) to 17 W/cm(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhen Huang
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zou
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fei Jiao
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Zang
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chong-an Di
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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24
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Bartlett SA, Hamilton ML, Evans J. Dynamic structure elucidation of chemical reactivity by laser pulses and X-ray probes. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:6313-9. [PMID: 25741902 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt00210a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Visualising chemical reactions by X-ray methods is a tantalising prospect. New light sources provide the prospect for studying atomic, electronic and energy transfers accompanying chemical change by X-ray spectroscopy and inelastic scattering. Here we assess how this adventure can illuminate inorganic and catalytic chemistry. In particular X-ray inelastic scattering provides a means of exploiting X-ray free electron lasers, as a parallel to laser Raman spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Bartlett
- Research Complex at Harwell, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
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25
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Tromp M. Catalysis seen in action. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2015; 373:rsta.2013.0152. [PMID: 25624518 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2013.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation techniques are widely applied in materials research and heterogeneous catalysis. In homogeneous catalysis, its use so far is rather limited despite its high potential. Here, insights in the strengths and limitations of X-ray spectroscopy technique in the field of homogeneous catalysis are given, including new technique developments. A relevant homogeneous catalyst, used in the industrially important selective oligomerization of ethene, is taken as a worked-out example. Emphasis is placed on time-resolved operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy with outlooks to novel high energy resolution and emission techniques. All experiments described have been or can be done at the Diamond Light Source Ltd (Didcot, UK).
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Affiliation(s)
- Moniek Tromp
- Characterisation in Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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26
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Mara MW, Fransted KA, Chen LX. Interplays of excited state structures and dynamics in copper(I) diimine complexes: Implications and perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Hatcher LE, Raithby PR. Dynamic single-crystal diffraction studies using synchrotron radiation. Coord Chem Rev 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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29
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Tschierlei S, Karnahl M, Rockstroh N, Junge H, Beller M, Lochbrunner S. Substitution-controlled excited state processes in heteroleptic copper(I) photosensitizers used in hydrogen evolving systems. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3709-13. [PMID: 25236384 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Four different heteroleptic [Cu(N^N)(P^P)]PF6 complexes, which combine classical bidentate diimine ligands and sterically demanding diphosphine ligands, are studied by a combination of ultrafast time-resolved spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The light-induced excited state processes, accompanied by a structural change, are discussed with respect to the application of these complexes as a new class of noble-metal-free photosensitizers in proton reducing systems. In particular, the influence of different substituents in the ligand backbone on the photophysical properties is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Tschierlei
- University of Rostock, Institute of Physics, Universitätsplatz 3, 18055 Rostock (Germany).
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30
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Smolentsev G, Guda AA, Janousch M, Frieh C, Jud G, Zamponi F, Chavarot-Kerlidou M, Artero V, van Bokhoven JA, Nachtegaal M. X-ray absorption spectroscopy with time-tagged photon counting: application to study the structure of a Co(i) intermediate of H2 evolving photo-catalyst. Faraday Discuss 2014; 171:259-73. [PMID: 25415460 DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00035h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In order to probe the structure of reaction intermediates of photochemical reactions a new setup for laser-initiated time-resolved X-ray absorption (XAS) measurements has been developed. With this approach the arrival time of each photon in respect to the laser pulse is measured and therefore full kinetic information is obtained. All X-rays that reach the detector are used to measure this kinetic information and therefore the detection efficiency of this method is high. The newly developed setup is optimized for time-resolved experiments in the microsecond range for samples with relatively low metal concentration (∼1mM). This setup has been applied to study a multicomponent photocatalytic system with a Co(dmgBF(2))(2) catalyst (dmg(2-) = dimethylglyoximato dianion), [Ru(bpy)(3)](2+) chromophore (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) and methyl viologen as the electron relay. On the basis of the analysis of hundreds of Co K-edge XAS spectra corresponding to different delay times after the laser excitation of the chromophore, the presence of a Co(i) intermediate is confirmed. The calculated X-ray transient signal for a model of Co(i) state with a 0.14 Å displacement of Co out of the dmg ligand plane and with the closest solvent molecule at a distance of 2.06 Å gives reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
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31
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Chen LX, Zhang X, Shelby ML. Recent advances on ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy in the chemical sciences. Chem Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular snapshots obtained by ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy reveal new insight into fundamental reaction mechanisms at single electron and atomic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. X. Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont, USA
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
| | - X. Zhang
- X-ray Science Division
- Advance Photon Source
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Lemont, USA
| | - M. L. Shelby
- Department of Chemistry
- Northwestern University
- Evanston, USA
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