1
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Lisouskaya A, Tarábek P, Carmichael I, Bartels DM. Persistent radicals in irradiated imidazolium ionic liquids probed by EPR spectroscopy. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2
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Leier J, Michenfelder NC, Unterreiner A. Understanding the Photoexcitation of Room Temperature Ionic Liquids. ChemistryOpen 2021; 10:72-82. [PMID: 33565733 PMCID: PMC7874249 DOI: 10.1002/open.202000278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoexcitation of (neat) room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) leads to the observation of transient species that are reminiscent of the composition of the RTILs themselves. In this minireview, we summarize state-of-the-art in the understanding of the underlying elementary processes. By varying the anion or cation, one aim is to generally predict radiation-induced chemistry and physics of RTILs. One major task is to address the fate of excess electrons (and holes) after photoexcitation, which implies an overview of various formation mechanisms considering structural and dynamical aspects. Therefore, transient studies on time scales from femtoseconds to microseconds can greatly help to elucidate the most relevant steps after photoexcitation. Sometimes, radiation may eventually result in destruction of the RTILs making photostability another important issue to be discussed. Finally, characteristic heterogeneities can be associated with specific physicochemical properties. Influencing these properties by adding conventional solvents, like water, can open a wide field of application, which is briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leier
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Nadine C. Michenfelder
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Andreas‐Neil Unterreiner
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
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3
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Wu SC, Ai Y, Chen YZ, Wang K, Yang TY, Liao HJ, Su TY, Tang SY, Chen CW, Wu DC, Wang YC, Manikandan A, Shih YC, Lee L, Chueh YL. High-Performance Rechargeable Aluminum-Selenium Battery with a New Deep Eutectic Solvent Electrolyte: Thiourea-AlCl 3. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:27064-27073. [PMID: 32364367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum-sulfur batteries (ASBs) have attracted substantial interest due to their high theoretical specific energy density, low cost, and environmental friendliness, while the traditional sulfur cathode and ionic liquid have very fast capacity decay, limiting cycling performance because of the sluggishly electrochemical reaction and side reactions with the electrolyte. Herein, we demonstrate, for the first time, excellent rechargeable aluminum-selenium batteries (ASeBs) using a new deep eutectic solvent, thiourea-AlCl3, as an electrolyte and Se nanowires grown directly on a flexible carbon cloth substrate (Se NWs@CC) by a low-temperature selenization process as a cathode. Selenium (Se) is a chemical analogue of sulfur with higher electronic conductivity and lower ionization potential that can improve the battery kinetics on the sluggishly electrochemical reaction and the reduction of the polarization where the thiourea-AlCl3 electrolyte can stabilize the side reaction during the reversible conversion reaction of Al-Se alloying processes during the charge-discharge process, yielding a high specific capacity of 260 mAh g-1 at 50 mA g-1 and a long cycling life of 100 times with a high Coulombic efficiency of nearly 93% at 100 mA g-1. The working mechanism based on the reversible conversion reaction of the Al-Se alloying processes, confirmed by the ex situ Raman, XRD, and XPS measurements, was proposed. This work provides new insights into the development of rechargeable aluminum-chalcogenide (S, Se, and Te) batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chi Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, ROC
| | - Yuanfei Ai
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Yu-Ze Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuangye Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, ROC
| | - Tzu-Yi Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, ROC
| | - Hsiang-Ju Liao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, ROC
| | - Teng-Yu Su
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, ROC
| | - Shin-Yi Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, ROC
| | - Chia-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, ROC
| | - Ding Chou Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, ROC
| | - Yi-Chung Wang
- Department of Physics,National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Arumugam Manikandan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, ROC
| | - Yu-Chuan Shih
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, ROC
| | - Ling Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, ROC
| | - Yu-Lun Chueh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, ROC
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 30012 Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Physics,National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan, ROC
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4
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Ye M, Iwata K. Ultrafast Electron Solvation in Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Observed by Femtosecond Time-resolved Near-IR Spectroscopy. CHEM LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.181043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manping Ye
- College of Optical and Electronic Technology, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Koichi Iwata
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 1-5-1 Mejiro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
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5
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Troian-Gautier L, Turlington MD, Wehlin SAM, Maurer AB, Brady MD, Swords WB, Meyer GJ. Halide Photoredox Chemistry. Chem Rev 2019; 119:4628-4683. [PMID: 30854847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Halide photoredox chemistry is of both practical and fundamental interest. Practical applications have largely focused on solar energy conversion with hydrogen gas, through HX splitting, and electrical power generation, in regenerative photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic cells. On a more fundamental level, halide photoredox chemistry provides a unique means to generate and characterize one electron transfer chemistry that is intimately coupled with X-X bond-breaking and -forming reactivity. This review aims to deliver a background on the solution chemistry of I, Br, and Cl that enables readers to understand and utilize the most recent advances in halide photoredox chemistry research. These include reactions initiated through outer-sphere, halide-to-metal, and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited states. Kosower's salt, 1-methylpyridinium iodide, provides an early outer-sphere charge-transfer excited state that reports on solvent polarity. A plethora of new inner-sphere complexes based on transition and main group metal halide complexes that show promise for HX splitting are described. Long-lived charge-transfer excited states that undergo redox reactions with one or more halogen species are detailed. The review concludes with some key goals for future research that promise to direct the field of halide photoredox chemistry to even greater heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Michael D Turlington
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Sara A M Wehlin
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Andrew B Maurer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Matthew D Brady
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Wesley B Swords
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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6
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Role of anions in radiation-induced transformations of 18-crown-6 complexes with barium salts: simulating the effects of extraction mechanism on radiation stability of macrocyclic extractants. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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7
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Kurganskii IV, Ivanov MY, Fedin MV. Time-Resolved Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Study of Photoexcited Fullerenes in Ionic Liquids. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:6815-6822. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b04000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Kurganskii
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu. Ivanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Matvey V. Fedin
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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8
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Ivanov MY, Krumkacheva OA, Dzuba SA, Fedin MV. Microscopic rigidity and heterogeneity of ionic liquids probed by stochastic molecular librations of the dissolved nitroxides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:26158-26163. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04890d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We propose a new potent approach for studying nano/microscopic heterogeneities in ionic liquids exploiting stochastic librations of nitroxides and pulse EPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Yu. Ivanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
| | - Olesya A. Krumkacheva
- International Tomography Center SB RAS
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
| | - Sergei A. Dzuba
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS
- Novosibirsk
| | - Matvey V. Fedin
- International Tomography Center SB RAS
- Novosibirsk
- Russia
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk
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Ivanov MY, Prikhod’ko SA, Adonin NY, Bagryanskaya EG, Fedin MV. Influence of C2-Methylation of Imidazolium Based Ionic Liquids on Photoinduced Spin Dynamics of the Dissolved ZnTPP Studied by Time-Resolved EPR. Z PHYS CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2016-0820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Unusual physical properties of ionic liquids (ILs) can be implemented in many different applications and are very sensitive to the structure of IL. In this work we investigate the spin dynamics of probe molecule Zn tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) dissolved in a series of ILs using time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TR EPR). We compare the TR EPR characteristics in C2-methylated imidazolium-based ILs [bmmim]BF4 and [bmmim]PF6 and in their C2-protonated analogs [bmim]BF4 and [bmim]PF6 to assess the influence of C2-methylation. The corresponding TR EPR signatures are drastically different in the two types of ILs. The analysis of experimental data allows assumptions that the ZnTPP molecule is distorted in C2-methylated ILs, contrary to other organic media and C2-protonated analogs. The mobility of ZnTPP in C2-methylated ILs is smaller compared to that in C2-protonated analogs, implying different microenvironment formed around dissolved ZnTPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Yu. Ivanov
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | | | - Nicolay Yu. Adonin
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Elena G. Bagryanskaya
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Matvey V. Fedin
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
- International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya str. 3a, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation , Tel.: +7 383 3301276
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10
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Musat RM, Crowell RA, Polyanskiy DE, Thomas MF, Wishart JF, Katsumura Y, Takahashi K. Ultrafast transient absorption spectrum of the room temperature Ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide: Confounding effects of photo-degradation. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Shkrob IA, Marin TW. The AHA Moment: Assessment of the Redox Stability of Ionic Liquids Based on Aromatic Heterocyclic Anions (AHAs) for Nuclear Separations and Electric Energy Storage. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:14766-79. [PMID: 26506410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b09057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Because of their extended conjugated bond network, aromatic compounds generally have higher redox stability than less saturated compounds. We conjectured that ionic liquids (ILs) consisting of aromatic heterocyclic anions (AHAs) may exhibit improved radiation and electrochemical stability. Such properties are important in applications of these ILs as diluents in radionuclide separations and electrolytes in the electric energy storage devices. In this study, we systematically examine the redox chemistry of the AHAs. Three classes of these anions have been studied: (i) simple 5-atom ring AHAs, such as the pyrazolide and triazolides, (ii) AHAs containing an adjacent benzene ring, and (iii) AHAs containing electron-withdrawing groups that were introduced to reduce their basicity and interaction with metal ions. It is shown that fragmentation in the reduced and oxidized states of these AHAs does not generally occur, and the two main products, respectively, are the H atom adduct and the imidyl radical. The latter species occurs either as an N σ-radical or as an N π-radical, depending on the length of the N-N bond, and the state that is stabilized in the solid matrix is frequently different from that having the lowest energy in the gas phase. In some instances, the formation of the sandwich π-stack dimer radical anions has been observed. For trifluoromethylated anions, H adduct formation did not occur; instead, there was facile loss of fluoride from their fluorinated groups. The latter can be problematic in nuclear separations, but beneficial in batteries. Overall, our study suggests that AHA-based ILs are viable candidates for use as radiation-exposed diluents and electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A Shkrob
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Timothy W Marin
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States.,Chemistry Department, Benedictine University , 5700 College Road, Lisle, Illinois 60532, United States
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12
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Molins i Domenech F, Healy AT, Blank DA. Photodetachment, electron cooling, and recombination, in a series of neat aliphatic room temperature ionic liquids. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:064506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4927915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew T. Healy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - David A. Blank
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Shkrob IA, Marin TW, Wishart JF, Grills DC. Radiation Stability of Cations in Ionic Liquids. 5. Task-Specific Ionic Liquids Consisting of Biocompatible Cations and the Puzzle of Radiation Hypersensitivity. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:10477-92. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5049716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A. Shkrob
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Timothy W. Marin
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemistry
Department, Benedictine University, 5700 College Road, Lisle, Illinois 60532, United States
| | - James F. Wishart
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
| | - David C. Grills
- Chemistry
Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, United States
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14
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Shkrob IA, Marin TW. Charge Trapping in Photovoltaically Active Perovskites and Related Halogenoplumbate Compounds. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:1066-71. [PMID: 26274450 DOI: 10.1021/jz5004022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Halogenoplumbate perovskites (MeNH3PbX3, where X is I and/or Br) have emerged as promising solar panel materials. Their limiting photovoltaic efficiency depends on charge localization and trapping processes that are presently insufficiently understood. We demonstrate that in halogenoplumbate materials the holes are trapped by organic cations (that deprotonate from their oxidized state) and Pb(2+) cations (as Pb(3+) centers), whereas the electrons are trapped by several Pb(2+) cations, forming diamagnetic lead clusters that also serve as color centers. In some cases, paramagnetic variants of these clusters can be observed. We suggest that charge separation in the halogenoplumbates resembles latent image formation in silver halide photography. Electron and hole trapping by lead clusters in extended dislocations in the bulk may be responsible for accumulation of trapped charge observed in this photovoltaic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A Shkrob
- †Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Timothy W Marin
- †Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- ‡Chemistry Department, Benedictine University, 5700 College Road, Lisle, Illinois 60532, United States
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15
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Shkrob IA, Marin TW. Radiation stability of cations in ionic liquids. 4. Task-specific antioxidant cations for nuclear separations and photolithography. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:14797-807. [PMID: 24245685 DOI: 10.1021/jp408252n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Three families of "task-specific" antioxidant organic cations that include designated sites to facilitate deprotonation following electronic excitation and ionization have been introduced. The deprotonation from the excited state is reversible, leading to minimal damage of the cation, whereas the deprotonation from the oxidized cation yields persistent aroxyl and trityl radicals. This protection improves radiation stability of ionic compounds in 2.5 MeV electron beam radiolysis. Apart from the use of such cations as structural components of room temperature ionic liquid (IL) diluents for nuclear separations, their ionic compounds involving bases of superacids are well suited for use as chemically amplified acid generator resists in electron beam lithography and extreme ultraviolet photolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A Shkrob
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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Shkrob IA, Marin TW, Luo H, Dai S. Radiation Stability of Cations in Ionic Liquids. 1. Alkyl and Benzyl Derivatives of 5-Membered Ring Heterocycles. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:14372-84. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4082432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A. Shkrob
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Timothy W. Marin
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemistry
Department, Benedictine University, 5700 College Road, Lisle, Illinois 60532, United States
| | - Huimin Luo
- Energy
and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak
Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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17
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Shkrob IA, Marin TW, Bell JR, Luo H, Dai S. Radiation Stability of Cations in Ionic Liquids. 3. Guanidinium Cations. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:14400-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp408253y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya A. Shkrob
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Timothy W. Marin
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
- Chemistry
Department, Benedictine University, 5700 College Road, Lisle, Illinois 60532, United States
| | - Jason R. Bell
- Energy
and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak
Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Huimin Luo
- Energy
and Transportation Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak
Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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