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Peshkov RY, Panteleeva EV, Chunyan W, Tretyakov EV, Shteingarts VD. One-pot synthesis of 4'-alkyl-4-cyanobiaryls on the basis of the terephthalonitrile dianion and neutral aromatic nitrile cross-coupling. Beilstein J Org Chem 2016; 12:1577-84. [PMID: 27559409 PMCID: PMC4979632 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.12.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A convenient one-pot approach to alkylcyanobiaryls is described. The method is based on biaryl cross-coupling between the sodium salt of the terephthalonitrile dianion and a neutral aromatic nitrile in liquid ammonia, and successive alkylation of the long-lived anionic intermediate with alkyl bromides. The reaction is compatible with benzonitriles that contain methyl, methoxy and phenyl groups, fluorine atoms, and a 1-cyanonaphthalene residue. The variety of ω-substituted alkyl bromides, including an extra bromine atom, a double bond, cyano and ester groups, as well as a 1,3-dioxane fragment are suitable as alkylation reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Yu Peshkov
- Laboratory of the Investigation of Nucleophilic and Radical Ionic Reactions, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Elena V Panteleeva
- Laboratory of the Investigation of Nucleophilic and Radical Ionic Reactions, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Wang Chunyan
- Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Heilongjang University, Xuefu Road, 74, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Evgeny V Tretyakov
- Laboratory of the Investigation of Nucleophilic and Radical Ionic Reactions, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Natural Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova St., 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Vitalij D Shteingarts
- Laboratory of the Investigation of Nucleophilic and Radical Ionic Reactions, N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ac. Lavrentiev Avenue, 9, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Burnell EE, Weber ACJ, Dong RY, Meerts WL, de Lange CA. A model-free temperature-dependent conformational study ofn-pentane in nematic liquid crystals. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:024904. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4904822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Elliott Burnell
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Adrian C. J. Weber
- Chemistry Department, Brandon University, 270-18th Street, Brandon, Manitoba R7A 6A9, Canada
| | - Ronald Y. Dong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - W. Leo Meerts
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Laser Centre, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis A. de Lange
- Laser Centre, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Weber ACJ, Chen DHJ. Conformational problem of alkanes in liquid crystals by NMR spectroscopy: a mini-review. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2014; 52:560-569. [PMID: 25142124 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent discoveries of the role of alkane flexibility in determining liquid-crystal behaviour are surveyed. With the impetus for understanding the alkane conformational problem established, recent model dependent (1)H NMR work on the topic will be reviewed where progress is made but the need to circumvent models eventually becomes evident. A closer look at the rigid basic units of alkanes will provide the way forward where it is shown that the orientational ordering and anisotropic potentials of these molecules dissolved in liquid crystals scale with each other. Once this relationship is established, a series of works using anisotropic and isotropic (1)H NMR spectroscopy to study alkane conformational statistics will be covered, wherein the influence of the gas, isotropic condensed and anisotropic condensed phases will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C J Weber
- Chemistry Department, Brandon University, 270-18th St, Brandon, MB, R7A 6A9, Canada
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Burnell EE, Dong RY, C J Weber A, Yethiraj A. NMR of solutes in nematic and smectic A liquid crystals: the anisotropic intermolecular potential. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2014; 52:570-580. [PMID: 25138919 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Orientational order parameters determined from (1)H NMR spectroscopy of solutes in liquid crystals that form both nematic and smectic A phases are used to determine the solute smectic A order parameters and the smectic-nematic coupling term. For the analysis, it is necessary to know the nematic part of the potential in the smectic A phase: various ways of extrapolating parameters from the nematic phase to the smectic phase are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Elliott Burnell
- Chemistry Department, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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