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Ali S, Aman A, Hengphasatporn K, Oopkaew L, Todee B, Fujiki R, Harada R, Shigeta Y, Krusong K, Choowongkomon K, Chavasiri W, Wolschann P, Mahalapbutr P, Rungrotmongkol T. Evaluating solubility, stability, and inclusion complexation of oxyresveratrol with various β-cyclodextrin derivatives using advanced computational techniques and experimental validation. Comput Biol Chem 2024; 112:108111. [PMID: 38879954 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2024.108111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Oxyresveratrol (OXY), a natural stilbenoid in mulberry fruits, is known for its diverse pharmacological properties. However, its clinical use is hindered by low water solubility and limited bioavailability. In the present study, the inclusion complexes of OXY with β-cyclodextrin (βCD) and its three analogs, dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD), hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBEβCD), were investigated using in silico and in vitro studies. Molecular docking revealed two binding orientations of OXY, namely, 4',6'-dihydroxyphenyl (A-form) and 5,7-benzenediol ring (B-form). Molecular Dynamics simulations suggested the formation of inclusion complexes with βCDs through two distinct orientations, with OXY/SBEβCD exhibiting maximum atom contacts and the lowest solvent-exposed area in the hydrophobic cavity. These results corresponded well with the highest binding affinity observed in OXY/SBEβCD when assessed using the MM/GBSA method. Beyond traditional simulation methods, Ligand-binding Parallel Cascade Selection Molecular Dynamics method was employed to investigate how the drug enters and accommodates within the hydrophobic cavity. The in silico results aligned with stability constants: SBEβCD (2060 M-1), HPβCD (1860 M-1), DMβCD (1700 M-1), and βCD (1420 M-1). All complexes exhibited a 1:1 binding mode (AL type), with SBEβCD enhancing OXY solubility (25-fold). SEM micrographs, DSC thermograms, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectra confirm the inclusion complex formation, revealing novel surface morphologies, distinctive thermal behaviors, and new peaks. Notably, the inhibitory impact on the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7, exhibited by inclusion complexes particularly OXY/DMβCD, OXY/HPβCD, and OXY/SBEβCD were markedly superior compared to that of OXY alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Ali
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Aamir Aman
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kowit Hengphasatporn
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Lipika Oopkaew
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Bunyaporn Todee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ryo Fujiki
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Harada
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Kuakarun Krusong
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Warinthorn Chavasiri
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Peter Wolschann
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Scriba GKE. Update on chiral recognition mechanisms in separation science. J Sep Sci 2024; 47:e2400148. [PMID: 38772711 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202400148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The stereospecific analysis of chiral molecules is an important issue in many scientific fields. In separation sciences, this is achieved via the formation of transient diastereomeric complexes between a chiral selector and the selectand enantiomers driven by molecular interactions including electrostatic, ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, van der Waals or π-π interactions as well as hydrogen or halogen bonds depending on the nature of selector and selectand. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular modeling methods are currently the most frequently applied techniques to understand the selector-selectand interactions at a molecular level and to draw conclusions on the chiral separation mechanism. The present short review summarizes some of the recent achievements for the understanding of the chiral recognition of the most important chiral selectors combining separation techniques with molecular modeling and/or spectroscopic techniques dating between 2020 and early 2024. The selectors include polysaccharide derivatives, cyclodextrins, macrocyclic glycopeptides, proteins, donor-acceptor type selectors, ion-exchangers, crown ethers, and molecular micelles. The application of chiral ionic liquids and chiral deep eutectic solvents, as well as further selectors, are also briefly addressed. A compilation of all published literature on chiral selectors has not been attempted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard K E Scriba
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Demircan Ozelcaglayan E, Honek JF, Parker WJ. Molecular level investigation of interactions between pharmaceuticals and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) functionalized adsorption sites for removal of pharmaceutical contaminants from water. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140639. [PMID: 37939929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a novel application of the use of molecular modeling tools for investigating the adsorption of organic micropollutants (OMPs) from water by nanocomposites. The partitioning of pharmaceuticals onto β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) functionalized adsorbents was investigated at the molecular level to explore the atomistic interactions of pharmaceutical contaminants in water systems with β-CD and to provide insight into possible approaches for removal of pharmaceuticals from water. Molecular electrostatic surface potential mapping of β-CD derivatives was employed to examine the impact of substitution degree of β-CD and type of grafting agent on host-guest complexation. The stability of the complexes of selected pharmaceuticals and β-CD derivatives were assessed via molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate competitive adsorption between organic micropollutants (OMPs) and between OMPs and fulvic acid, a representative natural organic material (NOM) component found in water systems. Molecular electrostatic surface potential maps showed that grafting agents with aromatic and amine functional groups were found to provide attractive interactions for negatively charged OMPs. In addition, optimization of substitution degree of β-CD is necessary to enhance adsorption of target OMPs. Furthermore, it was found that aromatic ring bearing grafting agents can provide additional electrostatic attractions by π-π interactions with the aromatic ring of the OMPs. The impact of common water quality characteristics on adsorption was assessed and it was revealed that the effect of pH and calcium on adsorption depends on the ionizable functional groups present on the grafting agent. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that adsorption of target OMPs does not solely depend on hydrophobicity but is affected by electrostatic interactions. The simulations revealed that fulvic acid which is commonly present in environmental waters can be a competitor with ibuprofen for the β-CD cavity. Ultimately, this study showed that molecular level simulation can be effectively employed to investigate adsorption of OMPs by β-CD functionalized adsorbents and could be employed to enhance their design and subsequent environmental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Demircan Ozelcaglayan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - John F Honek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wayne J Parker
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada
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Gangwar U, Singh B, Kurur ND. Long-Lived States Provide Insights from NMR into the β-Cyclodextrin Drug Assemblies. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:1158-1167. [PMID: 36705632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c07023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, extending spin memory in NMR has been used for several purposes. Long-lived states (LLS) or singlet states are one of the first spin memory enhancement techniques used. LLS have the potential to extract structural information and intra- and intermolecular interactions of complex systems other than studying slow phenomenon. The motional regime of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) drug inclusion complexes generally lies in the intermediate region, where ωτc ≈ 1, and the standard methods of studying these interactions, i.e., NOE and chemical shift monitoring, suffer from insufficient output information. The sensitivity of LLS toward the environmental changes is utilized here to gain insights into the drug assemblies formed by β-CD. One can use change in relaxation of LLS to study the structural changes during complexation. The examples of β-CD with the drugs indomethacin, paracetamol, gliclazide, and CI-933 (a precursor 4-methoxybenzamide) were studied. Indomethacin, paracetamol, and 4-methoxybenzamide show strong interaction through the para-substituted benzene ring, unlike gliclazide. Relaxation of LLS in β-CD-drug complexes is modeled using standard Redfield Relaxation Theory. Computational studies performed support the experimental observations. Docking and molecular dynamics simulation provided the explanation of the relaxation properties of these drug molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upanshu Gangwar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
| | - Balvinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
| | - Narayanan D Kurur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
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Xu X, Feng Q, Ma X, Deng Y, Zhang K, Ooi HS, Yang B, Zhang ZY, Feng B, Bian L. Dynamic gelatin-based hydrogels promote the proliferation and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells in long-term 3D culture. Biomaterials 2022; 289:121802. [PMID: 36152514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Long-term maintenance of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in the undifferentiated state is still challenging. Compared with traditional 2D culture methods, 3D culture in biomaterials such as hydrogels is expected to better support the long-term self-renewal of ESCs by emulating the biophysical and biochemical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Although prior studies showed that soft and degradable hydrogels favor the 3D growth of ESCs, few studies have examined the impact of the structural dynamics of the hydrogel matrix on ESC behaviors. Herein, we report a gelatin-based structurally dynamic hydrogel (GelCD hydrogel) that emulates the intrinsic structural dynamics of the ECM. Compared with covalently crosslinked gelatin hydrogels (GelMA hydrogels) with similar stiffness and biodegradability, GelCD hydrogels significantly promote the clonal expansion and viability of encapsulated mouse ESCs (mESCs) independent of MMP-mediated hydrogel degradation. Furthermore, GelCD hydrogels better maintain the pluripotency of encapsulated mESCs than do traditional 2D culture methods that use MEF feeder cells or medium supplementation with GSK3β and MEK 1/2 inhibitors (2i). When cultured in GelCD hydrogels for an extended period (over 2 months) with cell passaging every 7 days, mESCs preserve their normal morphology and maintain their pluripotency and full differentiation capability. Our findings highlight the critical role of the structural dynamics of the hydrogel matrix in accommodating the volume expansion that occurs during clonal ESC growth, and we believe that our dynamic hydrogels represent a valuable tool to support the long-term 3D culture of ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayi Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
| | - Qian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xun Ma
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Limited, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Yingrui Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Kunyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Hon Son Ooi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Boguang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Zhang
- Translational Research Centre of Regenerative Medicine and 3D Printing of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Province Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510150, China.
| | - Bo Feng
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Health, Hong Kong Institute of Science and Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences Limited, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (iTERM), CUHK-GIBH Joint Research Laboratory on Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China; Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Liming Bian
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China; National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Cao C, Deng C, Hu J, Zhou Y. Formation and molecular dynamics simulation of inclusion complex of large-ring cyclodextrin and 4-terpineol. J Food Sci 2022; 87:4609-4621. [PMID: 36086891 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the formation and structure of the inclusion compound of large-ring cyclodextrin and 4-terpineol were obtained through different experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The analysis of FTIR, 1 H-NMR, and thermodynamic results confirmed the formation of clathrates. Analysis of molecular structure (root-mean-square deviation and radius of gyration), solubility, and interaction energy (Coul, H bond) based on MD simulations further clarified the nature of the clathrate and the conformational changes caused by guest molecules as well as inclusion complexes process trends. The inclusion complex reportedly has a new crystal structure with improved thermal stability. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This is the first work to demonstrate the complex formation between 4-terpineol and large-ring cyclodextrin by molecular dynamics simulation. Molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the formation of inclusion complexes theoretically. Conformational changes of the molecules and the formation of complexes with improved thermal stability were observed. Complexing with large-ring cyclodextrin can be used as an effective means to encapsulate the aroma/flavor compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Cao
- The College of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Vocational and Technical College, Hefei, China.,Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Changyue Deng
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinwei Hu
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Yibin Zhou
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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Pallavi L, Tonannavar J, Tonannavar J. Molecular dynamics simulation, DFT calculations and vibrational spectroscopic study of N H•••O bound dimer models for DL-β-phenylalanine and 3-amino-3-(4-chlorophenyl)propionic acid. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Delineating the behavior of Berberis anthocyanin/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex in vitro: A molecular dynamics approach. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ignaczak A, Orszański Ł. In Search of the Most Stable Molecular Configuration of Heptakis(2,6- O-dimethyl)-β-cyclodextrin and Its Complex with Mianserin: A Comparison of the B3LYP-GD2 and M062X-GD3 Results. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:13077-13087. [PMID: 34817179 PMCID: PMC8667041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c06831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are well known for their ability to form stable, highly soluble complexes with various substances, which makes them widely used as excipients in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. In this work, properties of heptakis(2,6-O-dimethyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD) in vacuo and in water, as well as its ability to bind the antidepressant drug mianserin (MIA) in aqueous solution, are investigated computationally. The results are shown to depend strongly on the density functional theory (DFT) applied. The most stable conformers of DM-β-CD found with the B3LYP-GD2 method differ from these indicated by M062X-GD3 and other functionals. According to the latter, two crystal structures, ZULQAY and BOYFOK03, optimized in vacuo and in water, respectively, have the lowest energy. Both the B3LYP-GD2 and M062X-GD3 results show that all tested inclusion and noninclusion complexes of MIA:DM-β-CD in stoichiometry 1:1 are stable in water. However, the structures and their energetic properties obtained with each method differ: in the most stable configurations, different aromatic rings of MIA are embedded inside DM-β-CD, and the corresponding complexation energies (calculated with the 6-31++G(d,p) basis set and corrected for the basis set superposition error) are -29.6 (B3LYP-GD2) and -23.9 (M062X-GD3) kcal/mol. The NMR spectra of DM-β-CD and MIA:DM-β-CD are also compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ignaczak
- Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Łukasz Orszański
- Theoretical and Structural Chemistry Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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Mahalapbutr P, Charoenwongpaiboon T, Phongern C, Kongtaworn N, Hannongbua S, Rungrotmongkol T. Molecular encapsulation of a key odor-active 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in aromatic rice with β-cyclodextrin derivatives. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mazurek AH, Szeleszczuk Ł, Gubica T. Application of Molecular Dynamics Simulations in the Analysis of Cyclodextrin Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9422. [PMID: 34502331 PMCID: PMC8431145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are highly respected for their ability to form inclusion complexes via host-guest noncovalent interactions and, thus, ensofance other molecular properties. Various molecular modeling methods have found their applications in the analysis of those complexes. However, as showed in this review, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations could provide the information unobtainable by any other means. It is therefore not surprising that published works on MD simulations used in this field have rapidly increased since the early 2010s. This review provides an overview of the successful applications of MD simulations in the studies on CD complexes. Information that is crucial for MD simulations, such as application of force fields, the length of the simulation, or solvent treatment method, are thoroughly discussed. Therefore, this work can serve as a guide to properly set up such calculations and analyze their results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Helena Mazurek
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Szeleszczuk
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Gubica
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Chair of Physical Pharmacy and Bioanalysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
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12
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Conformational Investigation of the Encapsulation of Nicotinic Acid Into β‐Cyclodextrin. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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13
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Molecular insights into inclusion complex formation between β- and γ-cyclodextrins and rosmarinic acid. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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14
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Huang Y, Feng Q, Jiang H, Zhou W, Chen J, Gao J, Wang K, Wan X, Yu Y. Mimicking the Endometrial Cancer Tumor Microenvironment to Reprogram Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Disintegrable Supramolecular Gelatin Hydrogel. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4625-4637. [PMID: 32636622 PMCID: PMC7326693 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s252074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Besides the tumor cells themselves, solid tumors are comprised of numerous cell types including infiltrating immune cells such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). TAMs are vital stromal components of host immune system and play a critical role in the development of cancer. TAMs can be divided into two subtypes: M1 tumor-suppressive macrophage and M2 tumor-supportive macrophage. To better address the observations of TAMs functional performance, we describe an in vitro system that mimics the populations of TAMs infiltrated into the tumor mass by using our disintegrable supramolecular gelatin (DSG) hydrogels, which are physically crosslinked by host-guest complexations. Materials and Methods The host–guest interaction was adopted between the aromatic groups of gelatin and the photocrosslinkable acrylated β-cyclodextrins (Ac-β-CDs) to form the DSG hydrogels. The convenient macrophage/endometrial cancer cells heterospheroid 3D model was set up by DSG hydrogels. RT-PCR and Western blot assays were developed to evaluate the efficiencies of inducers on the macrophages. The ELISA and oxygen saturation assays were performed to measure the secretion of VEGF and consumption of oxygen of tumor and/or macrophages, respectively. To determine the antitumor effects of M2 reprogrammed macrophages in vitro and in vivo, migration assay and tumor xenograft model were used, respectively. Results The host-guest complexations of DSG hydrogels were controllably broken efficiently by soaking into the solution of competitive guest monomers 1-adamantanamine hydrochloride. The DSG hydrogels help IFN-γ reprogram the M2 to M1 and then decrease the tumor/M2 reprogrammed macrophage cells heterospheroid secretion of VEGF and increase the relative oxygen saturation. Significantly, the co-cultural tumor/M2 reprogrammed group from the disintegrated DSG hydrogels reduced the migration of cancer cells in vitro and the tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion We obtain a TAMs/tumor microenvironment-responsive 3D model based on the novel DSG hydrogels, and will be of utility in cancer therapy and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Huang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Feng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabo Jiang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanding Zhou
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhong Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Wang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongsheng Yu
- Clinical and Translational Research Center, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Hossen T, Sahu K. Effect of Photoacid Strength on Fluorescence Modulation of 2-Naphthol Derivatives inside β-Cyclodextrin Cavity: Insights from Fluorescence, Isothermal Calorimetry, and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:9291-9301. [PMID: 31596595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence response of a photoacid inside a confined environment often differs markedly from the bulk response. Is there any correlation between the extent of fluorescence modulation and the strength of the photoacid? Here, we used three photoacids: 2-naphthol (2OH, pKa* = 3.3), 6-sulfonate-2-naphthol (6SO3-2OH, pKa* = 3.06), and 6-cyano-2-naphthol (6CN-2OH, pKa* = 0.6) with remarkably different excited-state acidities to investigate fluorescence modulation inside the nanocavity of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Interestingly, we found strong fluorescence modulation for 2OH and 6SO3-2OH but almost none for 6CN-2OH. Isothermal calorimetry measurements showed that all three fluorophores form 1:1 inclusion complex with comparable binding constants (285, 420, and 580 M-1 for 2OH, 6SO3-2OH, and 6CN-2OH, respectively). Molecular dynamics simulation further revealed that binding modes are quite similar, and the distribution of water molecules around the proton-donating hydroxyl group of the photoacids are also comparable. Consequently, the difference in the fluorescence response should be accounted solely to the difference in the photoacidity strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tousif Hossen
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , Assam , India
| | - Kalyanasis Sahu
- Department of Chemistry , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039 , Assam , India
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Fateminasab F, Bordbar A, Shityakov S, Gholami S. Diadzein complexation with unmodified cyclodextrins: A detailed experimental and theoretical study. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.08.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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17
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Theoretical studies on the mechanism of sugammadex for the reversal of aminosteroid-induced neuromuscular blockade. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Chen Y, Zuo Z, Dai X, Xiao P, Fang X, Wang X, Wang W, Ding CF. Gas-phase complexation of α-/β-cyclodextrin with amino acids studied by ion mobility-mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics simulations. Talanta 2018; 186:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Hossen T, Sahu K. Elucidating the H-Bonding Environment of Coumarin 102 in a Phenol-Cyclohexane Mixture by Molecular Dynamics Simulation: Implications for H-Bond-Guided Photoinduced Electron Transfer. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:616-622. [PMID: 28033003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have experimentally demonstrated that the fluorescence intensity of coumarin 102 (C102) modulates anomalously upon hydrogen bonding to phenol in a nonpolar solvent: cyclohexane. The fluorescence intensity is first quenched gradually up to a particular mole fraction (XPH ≈ 0.013) but thereafter increases with further increases in the phenol mole fraction. These studies speculate about the importance of C102-phenol H-bonding to induce photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and propose a competition between the C102-phenol and phenol-phenol H-bonding to account for the anomalous fluorescence modulation. In this work, we investigate the exact H-bonding environment around the acceptor C102 at various compositions by molecular dynamics simulation and correlate the H-bonding environment to the observed fluorescence quenching. In addition to the 1:1 C102-phenol complex, 1:2 C102-(phenol)2 complexes with two different types of geometries were also found. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations were carried out to understand the H-bonding in these complexes in the ground state and in the excited state and their possible contribution to the observed fluorescence quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tousif Hossen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Kalyanasis Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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Factors Affecting the Formation of 2:1 Host:Guest Inclusion Complexes of 2-[(R-Phenyl)amine]-1,4-naphthalenediones (PAN) in β- and γ-Cyclodextrins. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111568. [PMID: 27869734 PMCID: PMC6274144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular hosts cyclodextrins form inclusion complexes with a wide variety of guests, resulting in complexes with various host:guest stoichiometries. In the case of a series of 19 1,4-naphthoquinolines as guests with either β- or γ-cyclodextrin studied using electrospray mass spectroscopy, in most cases only 1:1 complexes were observed, with 2:1 host:guest complexes observed in just 6 out of 38 host:guest combinations. It is shown that these higher-order complexes were observed only in the case of small (or no) electronically withdrawing substituents, and were much less likely in the case of the larger γ-cyclodextrin host. The size and electronic properties of the substituents involved shows that both steric and electronic factors must be taken into account in predicting which cyclodextrin host:guest stoichiometries will be stable enough to form (or once formed, be robust enough to be observed in the ESI-MS experiments). It is clear that the prediction of host-guest stoichiometry for a specific host-guest pair is complicated, and involves a subtle interplay of both electronic and steric factors. However, there are definite trends, which can be used to help predict host:guest stoichiometry for a given host-guest pair.
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Guzzo T, Mandaliti W, Nepravishta R, Aramini A, Bodo E, Daidone I, Allegretti M, Topai A, Paci M. Conformational Change in the Mechanism of Inclusion of Ketoprofen in β-Cyclodextrin: NMR Spectroscopy, Ab Initio Calculations, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, and Photoreactivity. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:10668-10678. [PMID: 27689813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b07913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inclusion of drugs in cyclodextrins (CDs) is a recognized tool for modifying several properties such as solubility, stability, bioavailability, and so on. The photoreactive behavior of the β-CD/ketoprofen (KP) complex upon UV exposure showed a significant increase in photodecarboxylation, whereas the secondary degradation products by hydroxylation of the benzophenone moiety were inhibited. The results may account for an improvement of KP photophysical properties upon inclusion, thus better fostering its topical use. To correlate the structural details of the inclusion with these results, an NMR spectroscopic study of KP upon inclusion in β-CD was performed. Effects of the magnetically anisotropic centers of KP, changing their orientations upon inclusion and giving chemical shift variations, were specifically correlated with the results of the molecular dynamic simulations and ab initio calculations. In the large variety of papers focusing on the structural analysis of β-CD complexes, this work represents one of the few examples in which a detailed analysis of these simultaneous upfield-downfield NMR shifts of the same aromatic molecule upon inclusion is reported. Interestingly, the results demonstrate that the observed upfield and downfield shifts upon inclusion are not related to any direct magnetic role of β-CD. The conformational change of KP upon the inclusion process consists of a slight reduction in the angle between the two phenyl rings and in a remarkable reduction in the mobility of the carboxyl group, the latter being one of the main contributions to the NMR resonance shifts. These structural details help in understanding the features of the inclusion complex and, eventually, the driving force for its formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Guzzo
- C4T (Colosseum Combinatorial Chemistry Centre for Technology) S.C.a r.l. , Via della Ricerca Scientifica s.n.c., 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - W Mandaliti
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - R Nepravishta
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , 00133 Rome, Italy.,Department of Chemical Pharmaceutical and Biomolecular Technologies, Faculty of Pharmacy Catholic University "Our Lady of Good Counsel" , Rr. D. Hoxha, 1000 Tirane, Albania
| | - A Aramini
- Department of Discovery, Dompé Farmaceutici SpA Research Center , Via Campo di Pile, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - E Bodo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "Sapienza" , 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - I Daidone
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila , Via Vetoio (Coppito 1), 67010 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - M Allegretti
- Department of Discovery, Dompé Farmaceutici SpA Research Center , Via Campo di Pile, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - A Topai
- C4T (Colosseum Combinatorial Chemistry Centre for Technology) S.C.a r.l. , Via della Ricerca Scientifica s.n.c., 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - M Paci
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , 00133 Rome, Italy
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Mechanically resilient, injectable, and bioadhesive supramolecular gelatin hydrogels crosslinked by weak host-guest interactions assist cell infiltration and in situ tissue regeneration. Biomaterials 2016; 101:217-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Elk JC, Benjamin I. β-Cyclodextrin at the Water/1-Bromobutane Interface: Molecular Insight into Reverse Phase Transfer Catalysis. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:5086-5092. [PMID: 25909764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular insight into the role of β-cyclodextrin (βCD) as a phase transfer catalyst at the liquid/liquid interface is obtained by molecular dynamics simulations of the structure and dynamics of βCD adsorbed at the interface between water and 1-bromobutane. In particular, we consider the structure and dynamics of the water and bromobutane molecules inside the βCD cavity and compare them with the behavior when βCD is dissolved in bulk water. βCD is preferentially oriented at the interface, with the cavity opening along the interface normal. While in bulk water the cavity includes 6-8 water molecules that are relatively mobile with short residence time, at the interface the cavity is mostly dehydrated and includes a single bromobutane molecule. This inclusion complex is stable in bulk water. The implication of this behavior for reverse phase transfer catalysis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Chief Elk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Ilan Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
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Reyes-Reyes ML, Roa-Morales G, Melgar-Fernández R, Reyes-Pérez H, Gómez-Oliván LM, Gonzalez-Rivas N, Bautista-Renedo J, Balderas-Hernández P. Chiral recognition of abacavir enantiomers by (2-hydroxy)propyl-β-cyclodextrin: UHPLC, NMR and DFT studies. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-015-0499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ren B, Gao H, Cao Y, Jia L. In silico understanding of the cyclodextrin-phenanthrene hybrid assemblies in both aqueous medium and bacterial membranes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 285:148-156. [PMID: 25497028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The explicit-solvent molecular dynamic (MD) simulation and adaptive biased forces (ABF) methods were employed to systemically study the structural and thermodynamic nature of the β-cyclodextrin (βCD) monomer, phenanthrene (Phe) monomer, and their inclusion complexes in both the aqueous and membrane environments, aiming at clarifying the atomic-level mechanisms underlying in the CD-enhanced degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by bacteria. Simulations showed that βCD and Phe monomers could associate together to construct two distinctive assemblies, i.e, βCD1-Phe1 and βCD2-Phe1, respectively. The membrane-involved equilibrium simulations and the data of potential of mean forces (PMFs) further confirmed that Phe monomer was capable of penetrating through the membranes without confronting any large energy barrier, whereas, the single βCD and βCD-involved assemblies were unable to pass across the membranes. These observations clearly suggested that βCD only served as the carrier to enhance the bioavailability of Phe rather than the co-substrate in the Phe biodegradation process. The Phe-separation PMF profiles indicated that the maximum of the Phe uptake by bacteria would be achieved by the "optimal" βCD:Phe molar ratio, which facilitated the maximal formation of βCD1-Phe1 inclusion and the minimal construction of βCD2-Phe1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiping Ren
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Huipeng Gao
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yafeng Cao
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lingyun Jia
- College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China.
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Urbančič I, Ljubetič A, Štrancar J. Resolving Internal Motional Correlations to Complete the Conformational Entropy Meter. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:3593-3600. [PMID: 26278615 DOI: 10.1021/jz5020828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Conformational entropy (SΩ) has long been used to theoretically characterize the dynamics of proteins, DNA, and other polymers. Though recent advances enabled its calculation also from simulations and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation experiments, correlated molecular motion has hitherto greatly hindered both numerical and experimental determination, requiring demanding empirical and computational calibrations. Herein, we show that these motional correlations can be estimated directly from the temperature-dependent SΩ series that reveal effective persistence lengths of the polymers, which we demonstrate by measuring SΩ of amphiphilic molecules in model lipid systems by spin-labeling electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. We validate our correlation-corrected SΩ meter against the basic biophysical interactions underlying biomembrane formation and stability, against the changes in enthalpy and diffusion coefficients upon phase transitions, and against the energetics of fatty acid dissociation. As the method can be directly applied to conformational analysis of proteins and other polymers, as well as adapted to NMR or polarized fluorescence techniques, we believe that the approach can greatly enrich the scope of experimentally available statistical thermodynamics, offering new physical insights into the behavior of biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iztok Urbančič
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Condensed Matter Physics Department, "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ajasja Ljubetič
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Condensed Matter Physics Department, "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Štrancar
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Condensed Matter Physics Department, "Jožef Stefan" Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Paul S, Abi TG, Taraphder S. Structure and dynamics of water inside endohedrally functionalized carbon nanotubes. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:184511. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4873695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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28
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Nayar D, Chakravarty C. Sensitivity of local hydration behaviour and conformational preferences of peptides to choice of water model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:10199-213. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55147d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Secondary structural preferences of the beta-hairpin of the 2GB1 protein in the folded and unfolded ensembles are shown to be sensitive to the choice of water model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Nayar
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi
- New Delhi: 110016, India
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