1
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Landi A, Summa FF, Zanasi R, Monaco G. On the JAP Method for the Indirect Determination of Delocalized Currents from Experimental Chemical Shifts. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200411. [PMID: 35811448 PMCID: PMC9796333 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The JAP model (after Jirásek, Anderson, and Peeks) to retrieve global current strengths from experimental 1 H chemical shifts has been tested with DFT computations. Both global and local tropicities are correctly predicted in most cases and the quantitative agreement is overall fair. An extension of the model is found to give improvement in an exemplary critical case, where the global delocalized current is negligible and the current density map is dominated by local currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Landi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”Università di SalernoVia G. Paolo II, 132Fisciano84084 SAItaly
| | - Francesco F. Summa
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”Università di SalernoVia G. Paolo II, 132Fisciano84084 SAItaly
| | - Riccardo Zanasi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”Università di SalernoVia G. Paolo II, 132Fisciano84084 SAItaly
| | - Guglielmo Monaco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”Università di SalernoVia G. Paolo II, 132Fisciano84084 SAItaly
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2
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Yan ST, Xu HG, Xu XL, Zheng WJ. Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations of Cu4On−/0 (n = 1–4): Identification of stable quasi-square structure for Cu4O4−. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:054304. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0078415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Ting Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xi-Ling Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Baranac-Stojanović M, Stojanović M, Aleksić J. Revival of Hückel Aromatic (Poly)benzenoid Subunits in Triplet State Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Silicon Substitution. Chem Asian J 2021; 17:e202101261. [PMID: 34964285 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202101261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
By employing density functional theory (DFT) calculations we show that mono- and disilicon substitution in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, having two to four benzene units, quenches their triplet state antiaromaticity by creating Hückel aromatic (poly)benzenoid subunit(s) and weakly antiaromatic, or almost nonaromatic silacycle. Therefore, such systems are predicted to be globally aromatic in both the ground state and the first excited triplet state. Putting the silicon atom(s) into various positions of a hydrocarbon provides an opportunity to tune the singlet-triplet energy gaps. They depend on the global aromaticity degree which, in turn, depends on the type of aromatic carbocyclic subunit(s) and the extent of their aromaticity. On the basis of the set of studied compounds, some preliminary rules on how to regulate the extent of global, semiglobal and local aromaticity are proposed. The results of this work extend the importance of Hückel aromaticity concept to excited triplet states which are usually characterized by the Baird type of (anti)aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Baranac-Stojanović
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Organic Chemistry, Studentski trg 16, 11000, Belgrade, SERBIA
| | - Milovan Stojanović
- Institute of Chemistry Technology and Metallurgy: Institut za hemiju tehnologiju i metalurgiju, Center for Chemistry, SERBIA
| | - Jovana Aleksić
- Institute of Chemistry Technology and Metallurgy: Institut za hemiju tehnologiju i metalurgiju, Center for Chemistry, SERBIA
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4
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Abstract
The ascertainment of magnetic aromaticity is not necessarily straightforward, especially for large and bent systems, such as the cycloporphyrin nanorings recently synthesized by the group of Anderson. Six of these cycloporphyrin nanorings were studied here computationally. Indirect methods, based on nuclear shielding and magnetizabilities, and direct methods, based on standard quantum mechanics, were both used effectively to determine their magnetically induced current strength, which mostly confirmed Anderson’s classification. However, in the case of hexanions, and in particular for cyclohexaporphyrin hexacations, a significant cancellation of delocalized diatropic and paratropic flow occurred, showing that the resultant faint aromatic character was a result of competing aromatic and antiaromatic contributions, as also evidenced by the ipsocentric method. A warning is renewed on the use of isotropic shielding to determine the tropicity of the magnetically induced current.
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5
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Inostroza D, García V, Yañez O, Torres-Vega JJ, Vásquez-Espinal A, Pino-Rios R, Báez-Grez R, Tiznado W. On the NICS limitations to predict local and global current pathways in polycyclic systems. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01510a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we analyze the possibility of predicting local and global current densities in a series of bicyclic hydrocarbons with 4n and 4n + 2 π-electrons from the nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Inostroza
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
| | - Victor García
- Departamento Académico de Fisicoquímica - Facultad de Química e Ingeniería Química
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
- Lima
- Peru
| | - Osvaldo Yañez
- Center of New Drugs for Hypertension (CENDHY)
- Santiago
- Chile
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Juan J. Torres-Vega
- Centro de Investigaciones Tecnológicas
- Biomédicas y Medioambientales
- Callao
- Peru
| | - Alejandro Vásquez-Espinal
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
| | - Ricardo Pino-Rios
- Laboratorio de Química Teórica
- Facultad de Química y Biología. Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH)
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Rodrigo Báez-Grez
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
| | - William Tiznado
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
- Universidad Andres Bello
- Santiago
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6
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Benallou A, El Alaoui El Abdallaoui H. The aromatic character of the transition state structures (TSs) involved in pseudocyclic reactions of fluorinated compounds. J Fluor Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2019.109421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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7
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Pelloni S, Lazzeretti P. Anisotropy of the vorticity tensor as a magnetic indicator of aromaticity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:1299-1305. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05563k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The vorticity vector of the current density JB, induced in the electron cloud of a molecule by a magnetic field B, is defined by VB = ∇ × JB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Pelloni
- Istituto d'istruzione superiore Francesco Selmi
- 41126 Modena
- Italy
| | - P. Lazzeretti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche
- 00133 Roma
- Italy
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8
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Kumar S, Shukla J, Mandal K, Kumar Y, Prakash R, Ram P, Mukhopadhyay P. Doubly zwitterionic, di-reduced, highly electron-rich, air-stable naphthalenediimides: redox-switchable islands of aromatic-antiaromatic states. Chem Sci 2019; 10:6482-6493. [PMID: 31341600 PMCID: PMC6611073 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00962k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The di-reduced state of the naphthalene moiety and its congeners have long captivated chemists as it is elusive to stabilize these intrinsically reactive electron-rich π-systems and for their emergent multifaceted properties. Herein we report the synthesis and isolation of two-electron (2e-) reduced, highly electron-rich naphthalenediimides (NDIs). A doubly zwitterionic structure is observed for the first time in a naphthalene moiety and validated by single crystal X-ray crystallography and spectroscopic methods. The synthesis avoids hazardous reducing agents and offers an easy, high-yielding route to bench-stable di-reduced NDIs. Notably, we realized high negative first oxidation potentials of up to -0.730 V vs. Fc/Fc+ in these systems, which establish these systems to be one of the strongest ambient stable electron donors. The study also provides the first insights into the NMR spectra of the di-reduced systems revealing a large decrease in diatropicity of the naphthalene ring compared to its 2e- oxidized form. The NICS, NICS-XY global ring current, gauge-including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) and AICD ring current density calculations revealed switching of the antiaromatic and aromatic states at the naphthalene and the imide rings, respectively, in the di-reduced system compared to the 2e- oxidized form. Notably, the substituents at the phosphonium groups significantly tune the antiaromatic-aromatic states and donor ability, and bestow an array of colors to the di-reduced systems by virtue of intramolecular through-space communication with the NDI scaffold. Computational studies showed intramolecular noncovalent interactions to provide additional stability to these unprecedented doubly zwitterionic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharvan Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab , School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India .
| | - Jyoti Shukla
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab , School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India .
| | - Kalyanashis Mandal
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab , School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India .
| | - Yogendra Kumar
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab , School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India .
| | - Ravi Prakash
- School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Dehi 110067 , India
| | - Panch Ram
- School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Dehi 110067 , India
| | - Pritam Mukhopadhyay
- Supramolecular and Material Chemistry Lab , School of Physical Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi 110067 , India .
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9
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Cherni E, Champagne B, Ayadi S, Liégeois V. Magnetically-induced current density investigation in carbohelicenes and azahelicenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:14678-14691. [PMID: 31215922 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02071c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A computational study of the magnetically-induced current (MIC) density has been carried out for a variety of ortho fused polycyclic aromatic molecules at the density functional theory level with the gauge including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) method. With this method, the aromatic character of each ring in a homologous series of carbohelicenes with an increasing number of fused benzene rings is assessed and compared with other aromaticity criteria such as the Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift [NICS(0), NICSzz(0)] and Bond Length Alternation (BLA) parameters. All criteria indicate that the two outer rings are the most aromatic ones [i.e. higher induced current, more negative NICS(0) and NICSzz(0) values, and smaller BLA values]. For the large helicenes (n > 10), the current drops along the following four rings and then rises again. Additionally, we have proven that this behavior is not due to a difference of the local magnetic field coming from a difference of orientation of the ring with respect to the external magnetic field (oriented along the helical axis). Upon fusing additional benzene rings to form hexa-peri-hexabenzo[7]helicene, some rings (B, D, and F) are a lot less aromatic (even non-aromatic) than the others. The NICS(0) and NICSzz(0) values exaggerate this behavior because they are all positive values, which is a signature of antiaromaticity. Then, when substituting one, three, or four benzene rings with pyrrole ones to form mono-aza-[7]-helicene, tri-aza-[7]-helicene, and tetra-aza-[7]-helicene, remarkable changes in the electronic structures of the helicenes are observed. Indeed, the induced currents are always smaller in the pyrrole rings than in the benzene ones. This has been further investigated using the streamline and the color map representations, which indicate that the diatropic current density passing through the plane cutting the C-N bonds in the pyrrole rings is stronger but is more localized than the current density passing through the plane cutting the C-C bonds in the benzene rings. This gives a positive but smaller total induced current for the pyrrole rings than for the benzene ones. For these systems, the NICS(0) and even more the NICSzz(0) values are not fully reliable to probe the local aromaticity, contrary to the induced current. Indeed, the NICSzz(0) values for the tri-aza-[7]-helicene molecule range from -14.23 to 1.14 ppm, which cannot lead to the same conclusion as the induced current values (10.03 to 12.87 nA T-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Cherni
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, B.P 248 El Manar II, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia and Laboratory of Materials Molecules and Applications, Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies, Carthage University, B.P:51, La Marsa, 2075 Tunis, Tunisia and Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Sameh Ayadi
- Laboratory of Materials Molecules and Applications, Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies, Carthage University, B.P:51, La Marsa, 2075 Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Vincent Liégeois
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Unit of Theoretical and Structural Physical Chemistry, Namur Institute of Structured Matter, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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10
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Benallou A, Kerraj S, El Alaoui El Abdallaoui H, Garmes H. Is the pericyclic transition structure of aza-Diels-Alder reaction aromatic? J Mol Graph Model 2019; 91:119-129. [PMID: 31202916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The notion of aromaticity is an elusive concept, typically delineated as an electron delocalization pattern within a cyclic structure, and is characterized by unusual stability, reactivity, and other properties. Recently, the aromatic concept has been extended to inorganic molecules and saturated systems. In our work, the so-called pericyclic transition state structures (TSs) involved in aza-Diels-Alder reactions are investigated. Interestingly, geometries and energy barriers evidence that these reactions are highly energetic and are extremely asynchronous. Additionally the localized orbital locator, ELF and QTAIM topological analyses have proven that at least one pair of atoms is not bound at the TS configuration. Moreover, HOMA and PDI indexes show that these TSs where aromaticity is not important. Therefore, these results provoke us to rule out the aromatic character of these so-called pericyclic TSs structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelilah Benallou
- Team of Chemoinformatics Research and Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Physical and Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Science, University Chouaib Doukkali, B. P. 20, 2300, El Jadida, Morocco.
| | - Said Kerraj
- Team of Chemoinformatics Research and Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Physical and Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Science, University Chouaib Doukkali, B. P. 20, 2300, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Habib El Alaoui El Abdallaoui
- Team of Chemoinformatics Research and Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemistry, Physical and Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Science, University Chouaib Doukkali, B. P. 20, 2300, El Jadida, Morocco
| | - Hocine Garmes
- Laboratory of Bio-organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Chouaib Doukkali, B. P. 20, 2300, El Jadida, Morocco
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11
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Đorđević S, Radenković S. Magnetically induced current density in triple-layered beryllium–boron clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7105-7114. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00541b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetically induced current densities reveal the double aromatic character of the examined Be–B clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slađana Đorđević
- Faculty of Science
- University of Kragujevac
- 34000 Kragujevac
- Serbia
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12
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Charistos ND, Muñoz-Castro A, Sigalas MP. The pseudo-π model of the induced magnetic field: fast and accurate visualization of shielding and deshielding cones in planar conjugated hydrocarbons and spherical fullerenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:6150-6159. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00836e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen skeletal models accurately reproduce the π-induced magnetic field of planar PAHs and spherical fullerenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas D. Charistos
- Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- Thessaloniki
- Greece
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares
- Facultad de Ingeniería
- Universidad Autonoma de Chile
- Santiago
- Chile
| | - Michael P. Sigalas
- Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- Thessaloniki
- Greece
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lazzeretti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
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14
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Franzke YJ, Sundholm D, Weigend F. Calculations of current densities and aromatic pathways in cyclic porphyrin and isoporphyrin arrays. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:12794-12803. [PMID: 28484758 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetically induced current density susceptibilities have been studied for a number of cyclic ethyne- and butadiyne-bridged porphyrin and isoporphyrin arrays. The current density susceptibilities have been calculated using the gauge-including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) method, which is interfaced to the TURBOMOLE quantum chemistry code. Aromatic properties and current pathways have been analyzed and discussed by numerical integration of the current density susceptibilities passing selected chemical bonds yielding current strength susceptibilities. Despite the interrupted π-framework, zinc(ii) isoporphyrin sustains a ring current of ca. 10 nA T-1. Porphyrin and isoporphyrin dimers sustain a significant current strength at the linker, whereas the larger porphyrinoid arrays sustain mainly local ring currents. Isoporphyrin dimers with saturated meso carbons have strong net diatropic ring-current strengths of 20 nA T-1 fulfilling Hückels aromaticity rule. Porphyrin trimers and tetramers exhibit almost no current strength at the linker. The porphyrin moieties maintain their strong net diatropic ring current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick J Franzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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15
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Pelloni S, Lazzeretti P. Polygonal current models for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and graphene sheets of various shapes. J Comput Chem 2017; 39:21-34. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pelloni
- ITIS Galileo Galilei, Via Martiri di Cefalonia 14; S. Secondo, Parma 43017 Italy
| | - Paolo Lazzeretti
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100; Roma 00133 Italy
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16
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Kumar C, Fliegl H, Sundholm D. Relation Between Ring Currents and Hydrogenation Enthalpies for Assessing the Degree of Aromaticity. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7282-7289. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b07607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.
O. Box 1033, N-1315 Blindern, Norway
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.
O. Box 1033, N-1315 Blindern, Norway
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtanens Plats
1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Charistos ND, Papadopoulos AG, Nikopoulos TA, Muñoz-Castro A, Sigalas MP. Canonical orbital contributions to the magnetic fields induced by global and local diatropic and paratropic ring currents. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:2594-2604. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nickolas D. Charistos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki 54 124 Greece
| | - Anastasios G. Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki 54 124 Greece
| | - Thomas A. Nikopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki 54 124 Greece
| | - Alvaro Muñoz-Castro
- Laboratorio de Química Inorgánica y Materiales Moleculares; Universidad Autonoma de Chile; El Llano Subercaseaux Santiago 2801 Chile
- Doctorado en FisicoQuimica Molecular; Universidad Andres Bello, Av. Republica 275; Santiago Chile
| | - Michael P. Sigalas
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Quantum and Computational Chemistry; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki 54 124 Greece
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18
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Van Damme S, Acke G, Havenith RWA, Bultinck P. Can the current density map topology be extracted from the nucleus independent chemical shifts? Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 18:11746-55. [PMID: 26762574 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07170d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic compounds are characterised by the presence of a ring current when in a magnetic field. As a consequence, current density maps are used to assess (the degree of) aromaticity of a compound. However, often a more discrete set of so-called Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) values is used that is derived from the current density. It is shown here that there is no simple one-to-one relationship that allows reconstructing current density maps from only NICS-values. NICS values should therefore not be used as aromaticity indices without analysis of the ab initio computed current density map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Van Damme
- Ghent University, Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. and Members of the QCMM, Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Acke
- Ghent University, Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. and Members of the QCMM, Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Belgium
| | - Remco W A Havenith
- Ghent University, Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. and Members of the QCMM, Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Belgium and Theoretical Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials and Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Bultinck
- Ghent University, Faculty of Science, Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281, S3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. and Members of the QCMM, Alliance Ghent-Brussels, Belgium
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19
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Dimitrova M, Fliegl H, Sundholm D. The influence of heteroatoms on the aromatic character and the current pathways of B2N2-dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20213-20223. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02964k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four polycyclic molecules have been investigated at the DFT level of theory using magnetically induced current densities calculated with the GIMIC program as an indicator of their (anti)aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dimitrova
- University of Helsinki
- Department of Chemistry
- FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- 0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Dage Sundholm
- University of Helsinki
- Department of Chemistry
- FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
- Finland
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20
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Setiawan D, Kraka E, Cremer D. Quantitative Assessment of Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity Utilizing Vibrational Spectroscopy. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9669-9686. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dani Setiawan
- Computational and Theoretical
Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave., Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Elfi Kraka
- Computational and Theoretical
Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave., Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Dieter Cremer
- Computational and Theoretical
Chemistry Group (CATCO), Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, 3215 Daniel Ave., Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
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21
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Topology of Quantum Mechanical Current Density Vector Fields Induced in a Molecule by Static Magnetic Perturbations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-29022-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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22
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Abstract
A definition of ring currents in a velocity vector field is proposed according to topological criteria: ring currents are axial vortices confined in, or rotating beyond, a separatrix, i.e., the boundary which marks the limits of the vortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lazzeretti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia
- 41125 Modena
- Italy
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23
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Abstract
The π-electron diatropic ring current emerging throughout the trimerization of acetylene to benzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Monaco
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano
- Italy
| | - Riccardo Zanasi
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “A. Zambelli”
- University of Salerno
- 84084 Fisciano
- Italy
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24
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Sundholm D, Berger RJF, Fliegl H. Analysis of the magnetically induced current density of molecules consisting of annelated aromatic and antiaromatic hydrocarbon rings. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:15934-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01968d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aromatic pathway of molecules with annelated aromatic and antiaromatic rings has been studied by calculating magnetically induced current densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dage Sundholm
- University of Helsinki
- Department of Chemistry
- Finland
| | | | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- NO-0315 Oslo
- Norway
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25
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Benkyi I, Fliegl H, Valiev RR, Sundholm D. New insights into aromatic pathways of carbachlorins and carbaporphyrins based on calculations of magnetically induced current densities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11932-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06987d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aromatic pathways of carbaporphyrins and carbachlorins that are based on magnetically induced current density DFT-GIMIC calculations are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Benkyi
- University of Helsinki
- Department of Chemistry
- FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- 0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Rashid R. Valiev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk 634050
- Russian Federation
- Tomsk State University
- Tomsk
| | - Dage Sundholm
- University of Helsinki
- Department of Chemistry
- FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
- Finland
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26
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Woller T, Contreras-García J, Geerlings P, De Proft F, Alonso M. Understanding the molecular switching properties of octaphyrins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11885-900. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07413d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Triggering Hückel–Möbius topological and aromaticity switches in octaphyrins by protonation and redox reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Woller
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - J. Contreras-García
- Sorbonne Universités
- UPMC Univ Paris 06
- UMR 7616
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique
- Paris
| | - P. Geerlings
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - Frank De Proft
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
| | - M. Alonso
- Eenheid Algemene Chemie (ALGC)
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
- 1050 Brussels
- Belgium
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27
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Du D, Sundholm D, Fliegl H. Evaluating Shielding‐Based Ring‐Current Models by Using the Gauge‐Including Magnetically Induced Current Method. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201500027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dou Du
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN‐00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dage Sundholm
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), FIN‐00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
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28
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Reisi-Vanani A, Faghih S. Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shift Criterion for Aromaticity in Some of the Corannulene Derivatives as Carbon Nanostructure: Effect of Substituent Groups on Aromaticity. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2014.948966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Cocq K, Lepetit C, Maraval V, Chauvin R. “Carbo-aromaticity” and novel carbo-aromatic compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:6535-59. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00244c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in experimental and theoretical studies ofcarbo-benzene derivatives, along with the proposition of a generalization of the definition of aromaticity to the two-membered π-rings of triple bonds, suggest relevance for the notion of “carbo-aromaticity”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Cocq
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Université de Toulouse
| | - Christine Lepetit
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Université de Toulouse
| | - Valérie Maraval
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Université de Toulouse
| | - Remi Chauvin
- CNRS
- LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination)
- 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4
- France
- Université de Toulouse
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30
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Tam NM, Pham HT, Nguyen MT. Ring currents in silicon tetramer (Si4, Si42+) and planar tetracoordinate carbon doped cluster Si4C2+: σ versus π aromaticity. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Pelloni S, Monaco G, Della Porta P, Zanasi R, Lazzeretti P. Delocalized Currents without a Ring of Bonded Atoms: Strong Delocalized Electron Currents Induced by Magnetic Fields in Noncyclic Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:3367-75. [DOI: 10.1021/jp502491a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pelloni
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Universitá degli Studi di Modena, via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Monaco
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano 84084 SA, Italy
| | - Paolo Della Porta
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano 84084 SA, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zanasi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, Fisciano 84084 SA, Italy
| | - Paolo Lazzeretti
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche, Universitá degli Studi di Modena, via G. Campi 183, 41100 Modena, Italy
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32
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Gershoni-Poranne R, Stanger A. The NICS-XY-scan: identification of local and global ring currents in multi-ring systems. Chemistry 2014; 20:5673-88. [PMID: 24677667 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201304307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS)-based methods are very popular for the determination of the induced magnetic field under an external magnetic field. These methods are used mostly (but not only) for the determination of the aromaticity and antiaromaticity of molecules and ions, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The ghost atom that serves as the NICS probe senses the induced magnetic field and reports it in the form of an NMR chemical shift. However, the source of the field cannot be determined by NICS. Thus, in a multi-ring system that may contain more than one induced current circuit (and therefore more than one source of the induced magnetic field) the NICS value may represent the sum of many induced magnetic fields. This may lead to wrong assignments of the aromaticity (and antiaromaticity) of the systems under study. In this paper, we present a NICS-based method for the determination of local and global ring currents in conjugated multi-ring systems. The method involves placing the NICS probes along the X axis, and if needed, along the Y axis, at a constant height above the system under study. Following the change in the induced field along these axes allows the identification of global and local induced currents. The best NICS type to use for these scans is NICSπZZ , but it is shown that at a height of 1.7 Å above the molecular plane, NICSZZ provides the same qualitative picture. This method, namely the NICS-XY-scan, gives information equivalent to that obtained through current density analysis methods, and in some cases, provides even more details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renana Gershoni-Poranne
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and the Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000 (Israel)
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Monaco
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e
Biologia, Universitá degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II, 132, Fisciano 84084 Salerno, Italy
| | - Riccardo Zanasi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e
Biologia, Universitá degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni
Paolo II, 132, Fisciano 84084 Salerno, Italy
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34
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Stanger A. Aromatic Stabilization Energy and Magnetic Properties in Fulvalenes: Is There a Connection Between These Two Aromaticity Indices? J Org Chem 2013; 78:12374-80. [DOI: 10.1021/jo401853z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Stanger
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry
and The Lise Meitner-Minerva Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Technion − Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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35
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Monaco G, Zanasi R. Linearized ring current models for the retrieval of π ring current strength in monocycles. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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36
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Badri Z, Pathak S, Fliegl H, Rashidi-Ranjbar P, Bast R, Marek R, Foroutan-Nejad C, Ruud K. All-Metal Aromaticity: Revisiting the Ring Current Model among Transition Metal Clusters. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:4789-96. [DOI: 10.1021/ct4007184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Badri
- CEITEC − Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ−62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- School
of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shubhrodeep Pathak
- Raman Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700 032, India
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational
Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N−0315 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Radovan Bast
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques (UMR 5626), CNRS/Université de Toulouse 3 (Paul Sabatier), 118 route de Narbonne, F−31062 Toulouse, France
- Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Radek Marek
- CEITEC − Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ−62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Center
for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ−62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- National Center
for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ−62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
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