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Recent progress of astatine-211 in endoradiotherapy: Great advances from fundamental properties to targeted radiopharmaceuticals. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Guérard F, Maingueneau C, Liu L, Eychenne R, Gestin JF, Montavon G, Galland N. Advances in the Chemistry of Astatine and Implications for the Development of Radiopharmaceuticals. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:3264-3275. [PMID: 34350753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusAstatine (At) is the rarest on Earth of all naturally occurring elements, situated below iodine in the periodic table. While only short-lived isotopes (t1/2 ≤ 8.1 h) are known, 211At is the object of growing attention due to its emission of high-energy alpha particles. Such radiation is highly efficient to eradicate disseminated tumors, provided that the radionuclide is attached to a cancer-targeting molecule. The interest in applications of 211At in nuclear medicine translates into the increasing number of cyclotrons able to produce it. Yet, many challenges related to the minute amounts of available astatine are to be overcome in order to characterize its physical and chemical properties. This point is of paramount importance to develop synthetic strategies and solve the labeling instability in current approaches that limits the use of 211At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals. Despite its discovery in the 1940s, only the past decade has seen a significant rise in the understanding of astatine's basic chemical and radiochemical properties, thanks to the development of new analytical and computational tools.In this Account, we give a concise summary of recent advances in the determination of the physicochemical properties of astatine, putting in perspective the duality of this element which exhibits the characteristics both of a halogen and of a metal. Striking features were evidenced in the recent determination of its Pourbaix diagram such as the identification of stable cationic species, At+ and AtO+, contrasting with other halogens. Like metals, these species were shown to form complexes with anionic ligands and to exhibit a particular affinity for organic species bearing soft donor atoms. On the other hand, astatine shares many characteristics with other halogen elements. For instance, the At- species exists in water, but with the least range of EH-pH stability in the halogen series. Astatine can form molecular interactions through halogen bonding, and it was only recently identified as the strongest halogen-bond donor. This ability is nonetheless affected by relativistic effects, which translate to other peculiarities for this heavy element. For instance, the spin-orbit coupling boosts astatine's propensity to form charge-shift bonds, catching up with the behavior of the lightest halogens (fluorine, chlorine).All these new data have an impact on the development of radiolabeling strategies to turn 211At into radiopharmaceuticals. Inspired by the chemistry of iodine, the chemical approaches have sparsely evolved over the past decades and have long been limited to electrophilic halodemetalation reactions to form astatoaryl compounds. Conversely, recent developments have favored the use of the more stable At- species including the aromatic nucleophilic substitution with diaryliodonium salts or the copper-catalyzed halodeboronation of arylboron precursors. However, it is clear that new bonding modalities are necessary to improve the in vivo stability of 211At-labeled aryl compounds. The tools and data gathered over the past decade will contribute to instigate original strategies for overcoming the challenges offered by this enigmatic element. Alternatives to the C-At bond such as the B-At and the metal-At bonds are typical examples of exciting new axes of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Guérard
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Lu Liu
- IMT-Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire - Nantes Campus, SUBATECH, UMR CNRS 6457, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Romain Eychenne
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, F-44000 Nantes, France
- Arronax GIP, F-44817 Saint-Herblain, France
| | | | - Gilles Montavon
- IMT-Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire - Nantes Campus, SUBATECH, UMR CNRS 6457, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Galland
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
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Rossi E, De Santis M, Sorbelli D, Storchi L, Belpassi L, Belanzoni P. Spin-orbit coupling is the key to unraveling intriguing features of the halogen bond involving astatine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:1897-1910. [PMID: 31912075 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06293a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on the halogen bond involving astatine has been investigated using state-of-the-art two- and four-component relativistic calculations. Adducts between Cl-X (X = Cl, Br, I and At) and ammonia have been selected to establish a trend on going down the periodic table. The SOC influence has been explored not only on the geometric and energetic features that can be used to characterize the halogen bond strength but also on the three main contributions to it that are the charge transfer, the "σ-hole" (i.e. the localized region with a net positive electrostatic potential at the halogen site) and the "polar flattening" (which is related to the effective shape of the halogen site). A surprisingly large increase of the Cl-At dipole moment, due to the inclusion of SOC, has been worked out using four-component CCSD(T) reference calculations, indicating that this bond is significantly more ionic than one may predict. Due to the SOC effect, which induces a peculiar charge accumulation on the At side in the Cl-At dimer, a weakening of the astatine-mediated halogen bond occurs arising from the (i) reduced amount of charge transfer, (ii) decrease of the polar flattening and (iii) lowering of the short-range Coulomb potential. The analysis of the electronic structure of the Cl-At moiety allows for a rationalization of the SOC effects on all the considered features of the halogen bond, including an unprecedented unsymmetrical charge back-donation from Cl-At to ammonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Matteo De Santis
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Diego Sorbelli
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Loriano Storchi
- CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy. and Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università G. D'Annunzio, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Leonardo Belpassi
- CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy. and Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Belanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy. and CNR Institute of Chemical Science and Technologies "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy. and Consortium for Computational Molecular and Materials Sciences (CMS)2, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
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Graton J, Rahali S, Le Questel JY, Montavon G, Pilmé J, Galland N. Spin-orbit coupling as a probe to decipher halogen bonding. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:29616-29624. [PMID: 30318527 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05690k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The nature of halogen-bond interactions is scrutinized from the perspective of astatine, the heaviest halogen element. Potentially the strongest halogen-bond donor, its ability is shown to be deeply affected by relativistic effects and especially by the spin-orbit coupling. Complexes between a series of XY dihalogens (X, Y = At, I, Br, Cl and F) and ammonia are studied with two-component relativistic quantum calculations, revealing that the spin-orbit interaction leads to a weaker halogen-bond donating ability of the diastatine species with respect to diiodine. In addition, the donating ability of the lighter halogen elements, iodine and bromine, in the AtI and AtBr species is more decreased by the spin-orbit coupling than that of astatine. This can only be rationalized from the evolution of a charge-transfer descriptor, the local electrophilicity ω+S,max, determined for the pre-reactive XY species. Finally, the investigation of the spin-orbit coupling effects by means of quantum chemical topology methods allows us to unveil the connection between the astatine propensity to form charge-shift bonds and the astatine ability to engage in halogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Graton
- Université de Nantes, CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, 2 Rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France.
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Shee A, Saue T, Visscher L, Severo Pereira Gomes A. Equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory based on the 4-component Dirac–Coulomb(–Gaunt) Hamiltonian. Energies for single electron detachment, attachment, and electronically excited states. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:174113. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5053846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Shee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523—PhLAM—Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Trond Saue
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626 CNRS—Université Toulouse III–Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - André Severo Pereira Gomes
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523—PhLAM—Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, F-59000 Lille, France
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Galland N, Montavon G, Le Questel JY, Graton J. Quantum calculations of At-mediated halogen bonds: on the influence of relativistic effects. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00484f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
If astatine is generally a stronger halogen-bond donor than iodine, an inversion is sometimes observed owing to the spin–orbit coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Galland
- Laboratoire CEISAM
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - G. Montavon
- Laboratoire SUBATECH
- UMR CNRS 6457
- IN2P3/EMN Nantes/Université de Nantes
- Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - J.-Y. Le Questel
- Laboratoire CEISAM
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - J. Graton
- Laboratoire CEISAM
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- Nantes Cedex 3
- France
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Sergentu DC, Réal F, Montavon G, Galland N, Maurice R. Unraveling the hydration-induced ground-state change of AtO+ by relativistic and multiconfigurational wave-function-based methods. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:32703-32712. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05028j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The hydration-induced ground-state change of AtO+ is confirmed by means of multiconfigurational wave-function-based calculations. The involved states are identified for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florent Réal
- PhLAM
- UMR CNRS 8523
- 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex
- France
| | - Gilles Montavon
- SUBATECH
- UMR CNRS 6457
- IN2P3/EMN Nantes/Université de Nantes
- 44307 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - Nicolas Galland
- CEISAM
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - Rémi Maurice
- SUBATECH
- UMR CNRS 6457
- IN2P3/EMN Nantes/Université de Nantes
- 44307 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
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Maurice R, Réal F, Gomes ASP, Vallet V, Montavon G, Galland N. Effective bond orders from two-step spin–orbit coupling approaches: The I2, At2, IO+, and AtO+ case studies. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:094305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4913738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Maurice
- SUBATECH, CNRS UMR 6457, IN2P3/EMN Nantes/Université de Nantes, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Florent Réal
- Laboratoire PhLAM, CNRS UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | | | - Valérie Vallet
- Laboratoire PhLAM, CNRS UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Montavon
- SUBATECH, CNRS UMR 6457, IN2P3/EMN Nantes/Université de Nantes, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, BP 20722, 44307 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Nicolas Galland
- CEISAM, UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
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Pereira Gomes AS, Réal F, Galland N, Angeli C, Cimiraglia R, Vallet V. Electronic structure investigation of the evanescent AtO+ion. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:9238-48. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55294b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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