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Liu Z, Yang Y, Yan Y, Yao X, Zhang F, Jia J, Li Y. Structural and Chemical Bonding Properties of AuS 2H 0/-: A Photoelectron Velocity-Map Imaging Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1646-1655. [PMID: 38414332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Mass-selected photoelectron velocity-map imaging spectroscopy was employed to investigate the geometrical and electronic properties of AuS2H-/0. The comprehensive comparison between the experiment and theoretical calculations establishes that the ground-state AuS2H- anion has a mixed-ligand structure [SAuSH]- with an unsymmetrical S-Au-S unit. Further chemical bonding analyses on AuS2H and comparison with the isoelectronic AuS2- suggest that the unique S-Au-S unit in these species features two three-center, three-electron π-bonding, and one three-center, two-electron σ-bonding. The isoelectronic replacement of the extra electron in AuS2- by the H atom can lead to σ bonding evolution from the electron-sharing bond to the dative bond. These findings are conducive to the fundamental understanding of the intrinsic stability of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters and their delicate ligand design to achieve desirable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Liu
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, The Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Yang
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, The Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Yan
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, The Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyue Yao
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, The Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, The Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Jia
- School of Chemical and Material Science, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials, The Ministry of Education, Shanxi Normal University. No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Li
- School of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, No. 339, Taiyu Road, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, People's Republic of China
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2
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Zhao H, You Q, Zhu W, Li J, Deng H, Li MB, Zhao Y, Wu Z. Nanoclusterzyme for Dual Colorimetric Sensings: A Case Study on [Au 14 (Dppp) 5 I 4 ] 2. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2207936. [PMID: 37060229 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic activity of atomically precise metal nanoclusters has recently been recognized; however, the number of nanoclusterzymes is very small. Besides, the applications of nanoclusterzyme wait to be explored. Herein, a novel nanoclusterzyme is synthesized and its structure is majorly resolved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and mass spectrometry, which reveal that the nanocluster consists of an Au13 icosahedron capped by an exterior shell including four I, three Dppp (1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino) propane) ligands, and a rarely reported Dppp-Au-Dppp handle staple, which contributes a lot to the enzyme activity of [Au14 (Dppp)5 I4 ]2+ nanocluster. The as-obtained nanocluster can catalyze oxygen to O2 •- under visible light irradiation with a specific activity up to 0.182 U·mg-1 and lead to the blue color of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in both solution and solid states. With the addition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the blue color of (Au14 + TMB) solution system disappears due to the nanoclusterzyme activity inhibition, but the further addition of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) into the above mixture can restore the nanoclusterzyme and recover the blue color. Based on the color turn-off and on, the various nanoclusterzyme-containing systems are used to colorimetrically sense AChE and OPs with the detection limits reaching 0.04 mU·mL-1 and 0.02 ng·mL-1 , respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhao
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Qing You
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Wanli Zhu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Tsinghua University-Peking University Joint Center for Life Sciences School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Man-Bo Li
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Wu
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P. R. China
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3
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Gratious S, Nair AS, Mukherjee S, Kachappilly N, Pathak B, Mandal S. Gold Deassembly: From Au 44(SPh- tBu) 28 to Au 36(SPh- tBu) 24 Nanocluster through Dynamic Surface Structure Reconstruction. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10987-10993. [PMID: 34739237 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular level understanding of the structural growth patterns and property evolution in nanoclusters (NCs) is crucial for the design and rational synthesis of clusters for specific properties and applications. In this regard, transformation has always been a versatile approach to achieve atomic precision with atomic purity and a deeper understanding of the growth mechanisms of noble metal NCs. To the latter end, we have demonstrated a structural transformation of Au44(SPh-tBu)28 to Au36(SPh-tBu)24 NC, which occurred through the deassembly of an Au8(SPh-tBu)4 fragment. Kinetic studies conducted on the transformation showed that it follows zero-order kinetics with a low activation energy pathway. Theoretical studies demonstrated that this process happens via surface restructuring of the core-ligand interface, which was found to be the rate-determining step of this transformation. Based on this, a plausible mechanistic pathway for the transformation have been proposed which we envision, will provide useful insights into NC structure evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Gratious
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Trivandrum, Kerala-695551, India
| | - Akhil S Nair
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh-453552, India
| | - Sayani Mukherjee
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Trivandrum, Kerala-695551, India
| | - Neha Kachappilly
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Trivandrum, Kerala-695551, India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh-453552, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Trivandrum, Kerala-695551, India
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4
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Sinha B, Goswami T, Paul S, Misra A. Spectral tuning of 11-cis retinal in conjugation with Au14 cluster and concomitant effect on isomerization: A theoretical outlook. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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5
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Shinjo N, Takano S, Tsukuda T. Effects of
π‐Electron
Systems on Optical Activity of Au
11
Clusters Protected by Chiral Diphosphines. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Shinjo
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo 113‐0033 Japan
| | - Shinjiro Takano
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo 113‐0033 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Tsukuda
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo 113‐0033 Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB) Kyoto University, Katsura Kyoto 615‐8520 Japan
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6
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Wang P, Peng J, Pei Y. An Au 2S network model for exploring the structural origin, evolution, and two-electron (2e -) reduction growth mechanism of Au n(SR) m clusters. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:244308. [PMID: 34241338 DOI: 10.1063/5.0047886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An Au2S network model was proposed to study the structural origin, evolution, and formation mechanism of the Aun(SR)m clusters containing quasi-face-centered-cubic (fcc) cores. The Au-S framework structures of 20 quasi-fcc gold clusters had been determined from the Au2S network. Based on the Au2S network, some new quasi-fcc clusters, such as 8e- clusters Au24(SR)16, Au26(SR)18, Au26(SR)19 -, Au29(SR)21, Au30(SR)22, and Au32(SR)24, and a class of Au24+8n(SR)20+4n (n = 1, 2, 3, …) clusters were predicted. Furthermore, by studying the evolution of Au-S frameworks, it was possible to construct molecular-like reaction equations to account for the formation mechanism of quasi-fcc gold clusters, which indicated that the formation of quasi-fcc gold clusters can be understood from the stepwise 2e--reduction cluster growth pathways. The present studies showed that the Au2S network model provided a "parental" Au-S network for exploring the structural evolution of the quasi-fcc Aun(SR)m clusters. Moreover, it was possible to study the formation pathways of the Aun(SR)m clusters by studying the evolution of their Au-S frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Jiao Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory for Green Organic Synthesis and Application of Hunan Province, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
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7
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Li Y, Higaki T, Du X, Jin R. Chirality and Surface Bonding Correlation in Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905488. [PMID: 32181554 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is ubiquitous in nature and occurs at all length scales. The development of applications for chiral nanostructures is rising rapidly. With the recent achievements of atomically precise nanochemistry, total structures of ligand-protected Au and other metal nanoclusters (NCs) are successfully obtained, and the origins of chirality are discovered to be associated with different parts of the cluster, including the surface ligands (e.g., swirl patterns), the organic-inorganic interface (e.g., helical stripes), and the kernel. Herein, a unified picture of metal-ligand surface bonding-induced chirality for the nanoclusters is proposed. The different bonding modes of M-X (where M = metal and X = the binding atom of ligand) lead to different surface structures on nanoclusters, which in turn give rise to various characteristic features of chirality. A comparison of Au-thiolate NCs with Au-phosphine ones further reveals the important roles of surface bonding. Compared to the Au-thiolate NCs, the Ag/Cu/Cd-thiolate systems exhibit different coordination modes between the metal and the thiolate. Other than thiolate and phosphine ligands, alkynyls are also briefly discussed. Several methods of obtaining chiroptically active nanoclusters are introduced, such as enantioseparation by high-performance liquid chromatography and enantioselective synthesis. Future perspectives on chiral NCs are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingwei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Xiangsha Du
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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8
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Govindachar DM, Periyasamy G. DFT studies on ureido-peptide functionalized Au4M2 bimetallic nanoclusters. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Chen Y, Zhou M, Li Q, Gronlund H, Jin R. Isomerization-induced enhancement of luminescence in Au 28(SR) 20 nanoclusters. Chem Sci 2020; 11:8176-8183. [PMID: 34123088 PMCID: PMC8163317 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01270j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the origin and structural basis of the photoluminescence (PL) phenomenon in thiolate-protected metal nanoclusters is of paramount importance for both fundamental science and practical applications. It remains a major challenge to correlate the PL properties with the atomic-level structure due to the complex interplay of the metal core (i.e. the inner kernel) and the exterior shell (i.e. surface Au(i)-thiolate staple motifs). Decoupling these two intertwined structural factors is critical in order to understand the PL origin. Herein, we utilize two Au28(SR)20 nanoclusters with different –R groups, which possess the same core but different shell structures and thus provide an ideal system for the PL study. We discover that the Au28(CHT)20 (CHT: cyclohexanethiolate) nanocluster exhibits a more than 15-fold higher PL quantum yield than the Au28(TBBT)20 nanocluster (TBBT: p-tert-butylbenzenethiolate). Such an enhancement is found to originate from the different structural arrangement of the staple motifs in the shell, which modifies the electron relaxation dynamics in the inner core to different extents for the two nanoclusters. The emergence of a long PL lifetime component in the more emissive Au28(CHT)20 nanocluster reveals that its PL is enhanced by suppressing the nonradiative pathway. The presence of long, interlocked staple motifs is further identified as a key structural parameter that favors the luminescence. Overall, this work offers structural insights into the PL origin in Au28(SR)20 nanoclusters and provides some guidelines for designing luminescent metal nanoclusters for sensing and optoelectronic applications. Two Au28(SR)20 nanoclusters with an identical core but different shells exhibit a ∼15-fold difference in photoluminescence.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Harrison Gronlund
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pennsylvania 15213 USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University Pennsylvania 15213 USA
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10
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Maman MP, Nair AS, Cheraparambil H, Pathak B, Mandal S. Size Evolution Dynamics of Gold Nanoclusters at an Atom-Precision Level: Ligand Exchange, Growth Mechanism, Electrochemical, and Photophysical Properties. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:1781-1788. [PMID: 32064877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Interpretation of size evolution is an essential part of nanocluster transformation processes for unraveling the mechanism at an atom-precision level. Here we report the transformation of a non-superatomic Au23 to a superatomic Au36 nanocluster via Au28 cluster formation, activated by the bulky 4-tert-butylbenzenethiol ligand. Time-dependent matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry data revealed that the conversion proceeds through ligand exchange followed by the size focusing method, ultimately leading to size growth. We also validated this transformation through time-dependent ultraviolet-visible data. Density functional theory calculations predicted that the kernel of the Au28 cluster evolved through a linear combination of molecular orbitals of the fragment of 2e- units (Au42+ and Au3+) from the kernel of the Au23 cluster. Periodic growth of gold cores through continuous growth of Au4 tetrahedral unit leads to the formation of the Au36 cluster from the Au28 cluster. These results reinforce the plausibility of size evolution through the growth mechanism during the transformation process. Differential pulse voltammetry studies showed that the highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap inversely varies with the kernel size of these clusters. Photophysical experiments support the molecular-like intersystem crossing rather than core-shell relaxation to these clusters. The trends of photoluminescence lifetime were found to be the reverse of those of the energy gap law. The increment of lifetimes for the larger cluster can be mainly due to the contribution of both hot carriers and band-edge carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju P Maman
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Trivandrum 695551, India
| | - Akhil S Nair
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
| | - Haritha Cheraparambil
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Trivandrum 695551, India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Discipline of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore 453552, India
| | - Sukhendu Mandal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Maruthamala P.O., Trivandrum 695551, India
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11
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Intra-cluster growth meets inter-cluster assembly: The molecular and supramolecular chemistry of atomically precise nanoclusters. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2019.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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12
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Tian Z, Xu Y, Cheng L. New Perspectives on the Electronic and Geometric Structure of Au 70S 20(PPh 3) 12 Cluster: Superatomic-Network Core Protected by Novel Au 12(µ 3-S) 10 Staple Motifs. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1132. [PMID: 31390811 PMCID: PMC6722785 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to increase the understanding of the recently synthesized Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster, we used the divide and protect concept and superatom network model (SAN) to study the electronic and geometric of the cluster. According to the experimental coordinates of the cluster, the study of Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster was carried out using density functional theory calculations. Based on the superatom complex (SAC) model, the number of the valence electrons of the cluster is 30. It is not the number of valence electrons satisfied for a magic cluster. According to the concept of divide and protect, Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster can be viewed as Au-core protected by various staple motifs. On the basis of SAN model, the Au-core is composed of a union of 2e-superatoms, and 2e-superatoms can be Au3, Au4, Au5, or Au6. Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster should contain fifteen 2e-superatoms on the basis of SAN model. On analyzing the chemical bonding features of Au70S20(PPh3)12, we showed that the electronic structure of it has a network of fifteen 2e-superatoms, abbreviated as 15 × 2e SAN. On the basis of the divide and protect concept, Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster can be viewed as Au4616+[Au12(µ3-S)108-]2[PPh3]12. The Au4616+ core is composed of one Au2212+ innermost core and ten surrounding 2e-Au4 superatoms. The Au2212+ innermost core can either be viewed as a network of five 2e-Au6 superatoms, or be considered as a 10e-superatomic molecule. This new segmentation method can properly explain the structure and stability of Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster. A novel extended staple motif [Au12(µ3-S)10]8- was discovered, which is a half-cage with ten µ3-S units and six teeth. The six teeth staple motif enriches the family of staple motifs in ligand-protected Au clusters. Au70S20(PPh3)12 cluster derives its stability from SAN model and aurophilic interactions. Inspired by the half-cage motif, we design three core-in-cage clusters with cage staple motifs, Cu6@Au12(μ3-S)8, Ag6@Au12(μ3-S)8 and Au6@Au12(μ3-S)8, which exhibit high thermostability and may be synthesized in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang 236037, Anhui, China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- School of Social and Public Administration, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China.
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13
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Chiriki S, Jindal S, Singh P, Bulusu SS. Correlation of structure with UV-visible spectra by varying SH composition in Au-SH nanoclusters. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:074307. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5031478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siva Chiriki
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Shweta Jindal
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Priya Singh
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Satya S. Bulusu
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
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14
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Nasaruddin RR, Chen T, Yan N, Xie J. Roles of thiolate ligands in the synthesis, properties and catalytic application of gold nanoclusters. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Cantelli A, Guidetti G, Manzi J, Caponetti V, Montalti M. Towards Ultra‐Bright Gold Nanoclusters. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cantelli
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Gloria Guidetti
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Jeannette Manzi
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Valeria Caponetti
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
| | - Marco Montalti
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician” University of Bologna Via Selmi 2 40126 Bologna Italy
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16
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Zeng C, Jin R. Chiral Gold Nanoclusters: Atomic Level Origins of Chirality. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:1839-1850. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201700023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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17
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Ma Z, Wang P, Xiong L, Pei Y. Thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters: structural prediction and the understandings of electronic stability from first principles simulations. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyun Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education; Xiangtan University; Xiangtan People's Republic of China
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18
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Hu G, Jin R, Jiang DE. Beyond the staple motif: a new order at the thiolate-gold interface. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:20103-20110. [PMID: 27897301 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07709a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Staple motifs in the form of -RS(AuSR)x- (x = 1, 2, 3, etc.) are the most common structural feature at the interface of the thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters, Aun(SR)m. However, the recently solved structure of Au92(SR)44, in which the facets of the Au84 core are protected mainly by the bridging thiolates, challenges the staple hypothesis. Herein, we explore the surface sensitivity of the thiolate-gold interface from first principles density functional theory. We find that the interfacial structures of thiolates on gold are surface sensitive: while a staple motif (such as -RS-Au-SR-) is preferred on Au(111), a bridging motif (-RS-) is preferred on Au(100) and Au(110). We show that this surface sensitivity is closely related to the coordination number of the surface Au atom on the different surfaces. We further confirm the preference of the bridging motif for self-assembled monolayers of two different ligands (methylthiolate and 4-tert-butylbenzenethiolate) on Au(100). With this surface sensitivity, we categorize the structure-known Aun(SR)m clusters into three groups: (1) no bridging; (2) ambiguous bridging; (3) distinct bridging. We further employ the surface sensitivity of the thiolate-Au interface to predict the protecting motifs of face-centered cubic (fcc) gold nanoparticles of different shapes. Our study provides a unifying view of the Aun(SR)m structures with guidelines for structure predictions for larger Aun(SR)m clusters of a fcc core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxiang Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - De-En Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
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19
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Jin R, Zeng C, Zhou M, Chen Y. Atomically Precise Colloidal Metal Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles: Fundamentals and Opportunities. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10346-413. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1953] [Impact Index Per Article: 244.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Meng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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20
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Higaki T, Liu C, Zeng C, Jin R, Chen Y, Rosi NL, Jin R. Controlling the Atomic Structure of Au30
Nanoclusters by a Ligand-Based Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Renxi Jin
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
- School of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University, Changchun; Jilin 130024 China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Nathaniel L. Rosi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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21
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Higaki T, Liu C, Zeng C, Jin R, Chen Y, Rosi NL, Jin R. Controlling the Atomic Structure of Au30
Nanoclusters by a Ligand-Based Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6694-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Renxi Jin
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
- School of Chemistry; Northeast Normal University, Changchun; Jilin 130024 China
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Nathaniel L. Rosi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Pittsburgh; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry; Carnegie Mellon University; Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
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22
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Xu WW, Li Y, Gao Y, Zeng XC. Unraveling a generic growth pattern in structure evolution of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:7396-7401. [PMID: 26986778 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00272b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of the growth of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters is a prerequisite for their applications in catalysis and bioengineering. Here, we bring to bear a new series of thiolate-protected nanoclusters with a unique growth pattern, i.e., Au20(SR)16, Au28(SR)20, Au36(SR)24, Au44(SR)28, and Au52(SR)32. These nanoclusters can be viewed as resulting from the stepwise addition of a common structural motif [Au8(SR)4]. The highly negative values of the nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) in the center of the tetrahedral Au4 units suggest that the overall stabilities of these clusters stem from the local stability of each tetrahedral Au4 unit. Generalization of this growth-pattern rule to large-sized nanoclusters allows us to identify the structures of three new thiolate-protected nanoclusters, namely, Au60(SR)36, Au68(SR)40, and Au76(SR)44. Remarkably, all three large-sized nanoclusters possess relatively large HOMO-LUMO gaps and negative NICS values, suggesting their high chemical stability. Further extension of the growth-pattern rule to the infinitely long nanowire limit results in a one-dimensional (1D) thiolate-protected gold nanowire (RS-AuNW) with a band gap of 0.78 eV. Such a unique growth-pattern rule offers a guide for precise synthesis of a new class of large-sized thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters or even RS-AuNW which, to our knowledge, has not been reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wu Xu
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Yadong Li
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China. and Shanghai Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China and Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA. and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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23
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Petty JT, Sergev OO, Ganguly M, Rankine IJ, Chevrier DM, Zhang P. A Segregated, Partially Oxidized, and Compact Ag10 Cluster within an Encapsulating DNA Host. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3469-77. [PMID: 26924556 PMCID: PMC6118400 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Silver clusters develop within DNA strands and become optical chromophores with diverse electronic spectra and wide-ranging emission intensities. These studies consider a specific cluster that absorbs at 400 nm, has low emission, and exclusively develops with single-stranded oligonucleotides. It is also a chameleon-like chromophore that can be transformed into different highly emissive fluorophores. We describe four characteristics of this species and conclude that it is highly oxidized yet also metallic. One, the cluster size was determined via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. A common silver mass is measured with different oligonucleotides and thereby supports a Ag10 cluster. Two, the cluster charge was determined by mass spectrometry and Ag L3-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy. Respectively, the conjugate mass and the integrated white-line intensity support a partially oxidized cluster with a +6 and +6.5 charge, respectively. Three, the cluster chirality was gauged by circular dichroism spectroscopy. This chirality changes with the length and sequence of its DNA hosts, and these studies identified a dispersed binding site with ∼20 nucleobases. Four, the structure of this complex was investigated via Ag K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. A multishell fitting analysis identified three unique scattering environments with corresponding bond lengths, coordination numbers, and Debye-Waller factors for each. Collectively, these findings support the following conclusion: a Ag10(+6) cluster develops within a 20-nucleobase DNA binding site, and this complex segregates into a compact, metal-like silver core that weakly links to an encapsulating silver-DNA shell. We consider different models that account for silver-silver coordination within the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T. Petty
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Orlin O. Sergev
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Mainak Ganguly
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Ian J. Rankine
- Department of Chemistry, Furman University, Greenville, South Carolina 29613, United States
| | - Daniel M. Chevrier
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
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24
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Zeng C, Chen Y, Iida K, Nobusada K, Kirschbaum K, Lambright KJ, Jin R. Gold Quantum Boxes: On the Periodicities and the Quantum Confinement in the Au₂₈, Au₃₆, Au₄₄ , and Au₅₂ Magic Series. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3950-3. [PMID: 26934618 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Revealing the size-dependent periodicities (including formula, growth pattern, and property evolution) is an important task in metal nanocluster research. However, investigation on this major issue has been complicated, as the size change is often accompanied by a structural change. Herein, with the successful determination of the Au44(TBBT)28 structure, where TBBT = 4-tert-butylbenzenethiolate, the missing size in the family of Au28(TBBT)20, Au36(TBBT)24, and Au52(TBBT)32 nanoclusters is filled, and a neat "magic series" with a unified formula of Au8n+4(TBBT)4n+8 (n = 3-6) is identified. Such a periodicity in magic numbers is a reflection of the uniform anisotropic growth patterns in this magic series, and the n value is correlated with the number of (001) layers in the face-centered cubic lattice. The size-dependent quantum confinement nature of this magic series is further understood by empirical scaling law, classical "particle in a box" model, and the density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Kenji Iida
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science , Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Nobusada
- Department of Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Institute for Molecular Science , Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Kristin Kirschbaum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Kelly J Lambright
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo , Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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25
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Chen Y, Liu C, Tang Q, Zeng C, Higaki T, Das A, Jiang DE, Rosi NL, Jin R. Isomerism in Au28(SR)20 Nanocluster and Stable Structures. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:1482-5. [PMID: 26817394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the isomerism phenomenon at the nanoscale is a challenging task because of the prerequisites of precise composition and structural information on nanoparticles. Herein, we report the ligand-induced, thermally reversible isomerization between two thiolate-protected 28-gold-atom nanoclusters, i.e. Au28(S-c-C6H11)20 (where -c-C6H11 = cyclohexyl) and Au28(SPh-(t)Bu)20 (where -Ph-(t)Bu = 4-tert-butylphenyl). The intriguing ligand effect in dictating the stability of the two Au28(SR)20 structures is further investigated via dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Qing Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Chenjie Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Tatsuya Higaki
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Anindita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - De-en Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Nathaniel L Rosi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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26
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Tian Z, Cheng L. Electronic and geometric structures of Au30 clusters: a network of 2e-superatom Au cores protected by tridentate protecting motifs with u3-S. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:826-34. [PMID: 26530472 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr05020k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations have been performed to study the experimentally synthesized Au30S(SR)18 and two related Au30(SR)18 and Au30S2(SR)18 clusters. The patterns of thiolate ligands on the gold cores for the three thiolate-protected Au30 nanoclusters are on the basis of the "divide and protect" concept. A novel extended protecting motif with u3-S, S(Au2(SR)2)2AuSR, is discovered, which is termed the tridentate protecting motif. The Au cores of Au30S(SR)18, Au30(SR)18 and Au30S2(SR)18 clusters are Au17, Au20 and Au14, respectively. The superatom-network (SAN) model and the superatom complex (SAC) model are used to explain the chemical bonding patterns, which are verified by chemical bonding analysis based on the adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP) method and aromatic analysis on the basis of the nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) method. The Au17 core of the Au30S(SR)18 cluster can be viewed as a SAN of one Au6 superatom and four Au4 superatoms. The shape of the Au6 core is identical to that revealed in the recently synthesized Au18(SR)14 cluster. The Au20 core of the Au30(SR)18 cluster can be viewed as a SAN of two Au6 superatoms and four Au4 superatoms. The Au14 core of Au30S2(SR)18 can be regarded as a SAN of two pairs of two vertex-sharing Au4 superatoms. Meanwhile, the Au14 core is an 8e-superatom with 1S(2)1P(6) configuration. Our work may aid understanding and give new insights into the chemical synthesis of thiolate-protected Au clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China. and School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Fuyang Teachers College, Fuyang, Anhui 236037, China
| | - Longjiu Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China.
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27
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Pillegowda M, Periyasamy G. DFT studies on the influence of ligation on optical and redox properties of bimetallic [Au4M2] clusters. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14886g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational studies have been employed to understand the lowest energy conformers and the properties of bare [Au4M2] and ligated [Au4M2(SCH3)6], [Au4M2(PH3)6]2+ clusters in both gas phase and implicit solvent media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Pillegowda
- Department of Chemistry
- Central College Campus
- Bangalore University
- Bangalore-560001
- India
| | - Ganga Periyasamy
- Department of Chemistry
- Central College Campus
- Bangalore University
- Bangalore-560001
- India
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28
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Zhang B, Kaziz S, Li H, Wodka D, Malola S, Safonova O, Nachtegaal M, Mazet C, Dolamic I, Llorca J, Kalenius E, Lawson Daku LM, Hakkinen H, Bürgi T, Barrabés N. Pd2Au36(SR)24 cluster: structure studies. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:17012-9. [PMID: 26415984 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04324g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The location of the Pd atoms in Pd2Au36(SC2H4Ph)24, is studied both experimentally and theoretically. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicates oxidized Pd atoms. Palladium K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) data clearly show Pd-S bonds, which is supported by far infrared spectroscopy and by comparing theoretical EXAFS spectra in R space and circular dichroism spectra of the staple, surface and core doped structures with experimental spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
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29
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Dreier TA, Ackerson CJ. Radicals Are Required for Thiol Etching of Gold Particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:9249-52. [PMID: 26089294 PMCID: PMC4809677 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Etching of gold with an excess of thiol ligand is used in both synthesis and analysis of gold particles. Mechanistically, the process of etching gold with excess thiol is unclear. Previous studies have obliquely considered the role of oxygen in thiolate etching of gold. Herein, we show that oxygen or a radical initiator is a necessary component for efficient etching of gold by thiolates. Attenuation of the etching process by radical scavengers in the presence of oxygen, and the restoration of activity by radical initiators under inert atmosphere, strongly implicate the oxygen radical. These data led us to propose an atomistic mechanism in which the oxygen radical initiates the etching process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Dreier
- Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1847 Campus Deliver, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (USA)
| | - Christopher J Ackerson
- Chemistry, Colorado State University, 1847 Campus Deliver, Fort Collins, CO 80523 (USA).
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30
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Dreier TA, Ackerson CJ. Radicals Are Required for Thiol Etching of Gold Particles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Fernando A, Weerawardene KLDM, Karimova NV, Aikens CM. Quantum Mechanical Studies of Large Metal, Metal Oxide, and Metal Chalcogenide Nanoparticles and Clusters. Chem Rev 2015; 115:6112-216. [PMID: 25898274 DOI: 10.1021/cr500506r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amendra Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | | | - Natalia V Karimova
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Christine M Aikens
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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32
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Optical Properties and Chirality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-08-100086-1.00009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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33
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Tian Z, Cheng L. Perspectives on the energy landscape of Au–Cl binary systems from the structural phase diagram of AuxCly (x + y = 20). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:13421-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01863c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Structural phase diagram (SPD) of AuxCly (x + y = 20) clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Tian
- Department of Chemistry
- Anhui University
- Hefei
- China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
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34
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Nimmala PR, Knoppe S, Jupally VR, Delcamp JH, Aikens CM, Dass A. Au36(SPh)24 Nanomolecules: X-ray Crystal Structure, Optical Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, and Theoretical Analysis. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:14157-67. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506508x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Praneeth Reddy Nimmala
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Stefan Knoppe
- Molecular
Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200D, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Vijay Reddy Jupally
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Christine M. Aikens
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Amala Dass
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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35
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Crasto D, Barcaro G, Stener M, Sementa L, Fortunelli A, Dass A. Au24(SAdm)16 Nanomolecules: X-ray Crystal Structure, Theoretical Analysis, Adaptability of Adamantane Ligands to Form Au23(SAdm)16 and Au25(SAdm)16, and Its Relation to Au25(SR)18. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14933-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ja507738e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Crasto
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Giovanni Barcaro
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa I-56124, Italy
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università di Trieste, Trieste I-34127, Italy
| | - Luca Sementa
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa I-56124, Italy
| | | | - Amala Dass
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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36
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Zeng C, Liu C, Chen Y, Rosi NL, Jin R. Gold–Thiolate Ring as a Protecting Motif in the Au20(SR)16 Nanocluster and Implications. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11922-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja506802n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chong Liu
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Yuxiang Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Nathaniel L. Rosi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rongchao Jin
- Department
of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
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37
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Effect of the Passivating Ligands on the Geometric and Electronic Properties of Au–Pd Nanoalloys. J CLUST SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-014-0755-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Knoppe S, Lehtovaara L, Häkkinen H. Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of the Intrinsically Chiral 16-Electron Superatom Complex [Au20(PP3)4]4+. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:4214-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5033959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Knoppe
- Molecular
Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200D, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Lauri Lehtovaara
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hannu Häkkinen
- Department
of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department
of Physics, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
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The effects of surface ligands and counter cations on the stability of anionic thiolated M12Ag32 (M=Au, Ag) nanoclusters. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
Over recent years, research on thiolate-protected gold clusters Au(m)(SR)n has gained significant interest. Milestones were the successful determination of a series of crystal structures (Au102(SR)44, Au25(SR)18, Au38(SR)24, Au36(SR)24, and Au28(SR)20). For Au102(SR)44, Au38(SR)24, and Au28(SR)20, intrinsic chirality was found. Strong Cotton effects (circular dichroism, CD) of gold clusters protected by chiral ligands have been reported a long time ago, indicating the transfer of chiral information from the ligand into the cluster core. Our lab has done extensive studies on chiral thiolate-protected gold clusters, including those protected with chiral ligands. We demonstrated that vibrational circular dichroism can serve as a useful tool for the determination of conformation of the ligand on the surface of the cluster. The first reports on crystal structures of Au102(SR)44 and Au38(SR)24 revealed the intrinsic chirality of these clusters. Their chirality mainly arises from the arrangement of the ligands on the surface of the cluster cores. As achiral ligands are used to stabilize the clusters, racemic mixtures are obtained. However, the separation of the enantiomers by HPLC was demonstrated which enabled the measurement of their CD spectra. Thermally induced inversion allows determination of the activation parameters for their racemization. The inversion demonstrates that the gold-thiolate interface is anything but fixed; in contrast, it is rather flexible. This result is of fundamental interest and needs to be considered in future applications. A second line of our research is the selective introduction of chiral, bidentate ligands into the ligand layer of intrinsically chiral gold clusters. The ligand exchange reaction is highly diastereoselective. The bidentate ligand connects two of the protecting units on the cluster surface and thus effectively stabilizes the cluster against thermally induced inversion. A minor (but significant) influence of chiral ligands to the CD spectra of the clusters is observed. The studied system represents the first example of an intrinsically chiral gold cluster with a defined number of exchanged ligands, full control over their regio- and stereochemistry. The methodology allows for the selective preparation of mixed-ligand cluster compounds and a thorough investigation of the influence of single ligands on the cluster's properties. Overall, the method enables even more detailed tailoring of properties. Still, central questions remain unanswered: (1) Is intrinsic chirality a ubiquitous feature of thiolate-protected gold clusters? (2) How does chirality transfer work? (3) What are the applications for chiral thiolate-protected gold clusters? In this Account, we summarize the main findings on chirality in thiolate-protected gold cluster of the past half decade. Emphasis is put on intrinsically chiral clusters and their structures, optical activity, and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Knoppe
- Département de Chimie
Physique, Université de Genève, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- Département de Chimie
Physique, Université de Genève, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
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Crasto D, Malola S, Brosofsky G, Dass A, Häkkinen H. Single Crystal XRD Structure and Theoretical Analysis of the Chiral Au30S(S-t-Bu)18 Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:5000-5. [DOI: 10.1021/ja412141j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Crasto
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | | | - Grace Brosofsky
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Amala Dass
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
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Knoppe S, Wong OA, Malola S, Häkkinen H, Bürgi T, Verbiest T, Ackerson CJ. Chiral Phase Transfer and Enantioenrichment of Thiolate-Protected Au102 Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:4129-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ja500809p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Knoppe
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200D, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - O. Andrea Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | | | | | - Thomas Bürgi
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Department
of Chemistry, Molecular Imaging and Photonics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan
200D, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Christopher J. Ackerson
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Pei Y, Lin S, Su J, Liu C. Structure Prediction of Au44(SR)28: A Chiral Superatom Cluster. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:19060-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja409788k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pei
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications
of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, P. R. China
| | - Sisi Lin
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications
of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, P. R. China
| | - Jingcang Su
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications
of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Chemistry,
Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications
of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan Province 411105, P. R. China
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Tlahuice-Flores A, Jose-Yacamán M, Whetten RL. On the structure of the thiolated Au15 cluster. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:19557-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp53837k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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