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DFT Investigation of the catalytic conversion of acetic acid to acetone on the zeolite H-ZSM5. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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2
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Narimani M, Adams J, da Silva G. Toxic Chemical Formation during Vaping of Ethyl Ester Flavor Additives: A Chemical Kinetic Modeling Study. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:522-528. [PMID: 35258279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ethyl ester flavor additives are used in e-liquids to produce a citrus flavor. Although these compounds are considered safe as flavor additives, this only applies to oral consumption and not vaping operations, where they can decompose into potentially harmful compounds including carboxylic acids. Further decomposition of these carboxylic acids is expected to produce ketene, which is a strong respiratory poison that can cause fatal lung damage at low concentrations. This study develops a kinetic model of the thermal decomposition of ethyl ester flavor additives and simulates the decomposition of these compounds under vaping conditions. These results show that under normal operating conditions, it is unlikely for any harmful compounds to be present in-lung. However, at higher operating temperatures, there is the potential for acetic and butanoic acid to be present in the lungs at concentrations that cause irritation, and where repeated exposure may lead to bronchitis. At more extreme operating conditions it is possible for harmful levels of ketene to be produced such that it could cause fatal or severely detrimental effects upon repeated exposure. These high temperatures can be reached under "dry" operating conditions that arise as a result of improper use, particularly in user-modified e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Narimani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jamil Adams
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Gabriel da Silva
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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3
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O'Hair RAJ. ORGANOMETALLIC GAS-PHASE ION CHEMISTRY AND CATALYSIS: INSIGHTS INTO THE USE OF METAL CATALYSTS TO PROMOTE SELECTIVITY IN THE REACTIONS OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2021; 40:782-810. [PMID: 32965774 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylic acids are valuable organic substrates as they are widely available, easy to handle, and exhibit structural and functional variety. While they are used in many standard synthetic protocols, over the past two decades numerous studies have explored new modes of metal-mediated reactivity of carboxylic acids and their derivatives. Mass spectrometry-based studies can provide fundamental mechanistic insights into these new modes of reactivity. Here gas-phase models for the following catalytic transformations of carboxylic acids and their derivatives are reviewed: protodecarboxylation; dehydration; decarbonylation; reaction as coordinated bases in C-H bond activation; remote functionalization and decarboxylative C-C bond coupling. In each case the catalytic problem is defined, insights from gas-phase studies are highlighted, comparisons with condensed-phase systems are made and perspectives are reached. Finally, the potential role for mechanistic studies that integrate both gas- and condensed-phase studies is highlighted by recent studies on the discovery of new catalysts for the selective decomposition of formic acid and the invention of the new extrusion-insertion class of reactions for the synthesis of amides, thioamides, and amidines. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A J O'Hair
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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4
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Rogers CO, Lockwood KS, Nguyen QLD, Labbe NJ. Diol isomer revealed as a source of methyl ketene from propionic acid unimolecular decomposition. INT J CHEM KINET 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cory O. Rogers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Katherine S. Lockwood
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Quynh L. D. Nguyen
- JILA Department of Physics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Nicole J. Labbe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
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5
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Qiu L, Wei Z, Nie H, Cooks RG. Reaction Acceleration Promoted by Partial Solvation at the Gas/Solution Interface. Chempluschem 2021; 86:1362-1365. [PMID: 34508323 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The kinetics of organic reactions of different types in microvolumes (droplets, thin films, and sealed tubes) show effects of gas/solution interfacial area, reaction molecularity and solvent polarity. Partial solvation at the gas/solution interface is a major contributor to the 104 -fold reaction acceleration seen in bimolecular but not unimolecular reactions in microdroplets. Reaction acceleration can be used to manipulate selectivity by solvent choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingqi Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
| | - Zhenwei Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Honggang Nie
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - R Graham Cooks
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, United States
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Parker K, Weragoda GK, Pho V, Canty AJ, Polyzos A, O'Hair RAJ, Ryzhov V. Gas‐Phase Models for the Nickel‐ and Palladium‐Catalyzed Deoxygenation of Fatty Acids. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Parker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Northern Illinois University DeKalb IL 60115 USA
| | | | - Victoria Pho
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Northern Illinois University DeKalb IL 60115 USA
| | - Allan J. Canty
- School of Natural Sciences-Chemistry University of Tasmania Hobart Tasmania 7001 Australia
| | - Anastasios Polyzos
- CSIRO Manufacturing Research Way Clayton VIC 3168 Australia
- School of Chemistry The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Richard A. J. O'Hair
- School of Chemistry Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and Biotechnology The University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 Australia
| | - Victor Ryzhov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Northern Illinois University DeKalb IL 60115 USA
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7
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Liu Y, Jiang S, Shi Q, Cheng Y, Wang L, Li X. Kinetic Investigation of the Pyrolysis of Isobutyric Anhydride and Isobutyric Acid. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- ZJU-Hengyi Global Innovation Research Center, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Siyi Jiang
- ZJU-Hengyi Global Innovation Research Center, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Hengyi Petrochemical Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Youwei Cheng
- ZJU-Hengyi Global Innovation Research Center, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- ZJU-Hengyi Global Innovation Research Center, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Institute of Zhejiang University-Quzhou, 78 Jiuhua Boulevard North, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Xi Li
- ZJU-Hengyi Global Innovation Research Center, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hengyi Petrochemical Co. Ltd, Hangzhou 310027, China
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8
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Catalytic cracking of acetic acid and its ketene intermediate over HZSM-5 catalyst: A density functional theory study. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2017.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Clark JM, Pilath HM, Mittal A, Michener WE, Robichaud DJ, Johnson DK. Direct Production of Propene from the Thermolysis of Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB). An Experimental and DFT Investigation. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:332-45. [PMID: 26698331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate a synthetic route toward the production of propene directly from poly(β-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), the most common of a wide range of high-molecular-mass microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates. Propene, a major commercial hydrocarbon, was obtained from the depolymerization of PHB and subsequent decarboxylation of the crotonic acid monomer in good yields (up to 75 mol %). The energetics of PHB depolymerization and the gas-phase decarboxylation of crotonic acid were also studied using density functional theory (DFT). The average activation energy for the cleavage of the R'C(O)O-R linkage is calculated to be 163.9 ± 7.0 kJ mol(-1). Intramolecular, autoacceleration effects regarding the depolymerization of PHB, as suggested in some literature accounts, arising from the formation of crotonyl and carboxyl functional groups in the products could not be confirmed by the results of DFT and microkinetic modeling. DFT results, however, suggest that intermolecular catalysis involving terminal carboxyl groups may accelerate PHB depolymerization. Activation energies for this process were estimated to be about 20 kJ mol(-1) lower than that for the noncatalyzed ester cleavage, 144.3 ± 6.4 kJ mol(-1). DFT calculations predict the decarboxylation of crotonic acid to follow second-order kinetics with an activation energy of 147.5 ± 6.3 kJ mol(-1), consistent with that measured experimentally, 146.9 kJ mol(-1). Microkinetic modeling of the PHB to propene overall reaction predicts decarboxylation of crotonic acid to be the rate-limiting step, consistent with experimental observations. The results also indicate that improvements made to enhance the isomerization of crotonic acid to vinylacetic acid will improve the direct conversion of PHB to propene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Clark
- National Bioenergy Center and ‡Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Heidi M Pilath
- National Bioenergy Center and ‡Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ashutosh Mittal
- National Bioenergy Center and ‡Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - William E Michener
- National Bioenergy Center and ‡Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - David J Robichaud
- National Bioenergy Center and ‡Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - David K Johnson
- National Bioenergy Center and ‡Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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11
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Ferguson GA, Cheng L, Bu L, Kim S, Robichaud DJ, Nimlos MR, Curtiss LA, Beckham GT. Carbocation Stability in H-ZSM5 at High Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11397-405. [PMID: 26501585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Glen A. Ferguson
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Lei Cheng
- Material
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue B109, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Lintao Bu
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Seonah Kim
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - David J. Robichaud
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Mark R. Nimlos
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Larry A. Curtiss
- Material
Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue B109, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Gregg T. Beckham
- National
Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver
West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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12
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Würmel J, Simmie JM, Losty MM, McKenna CD. Thermal Decomposition of 2(3H) and 2(5H) Furanones: Theoretical Aspects. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6919-27. [PMID: 26053126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The thermal decomposition reactions of 2(3H) and 2(5H) furanones and their methyl derivatives are explored. Theoretical calculations of the barriers, reaction enthalpies, and the properties of these and intermediate species are reported using the composite model chemistry CBS-QB3 and also the functional M06-2X allied to the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Thus, the bond dissociation enthalpies, ionization energies, and unimolecular chemical kinetic rate constants in the high-pressure limit were computed. We show that flow reactor experiments that intimated that heating the 2(3H) furanone converts it to the isomeric 2(5H) furanone occurs via a 1 → 2 H-transfer reaction to an open ring ketenoic aldehyde. The latter can then ring close to the other isomeric structure. The final products acrolein and carbon monoxide are only formed from 2(3H), and acrolein will further decompose to ethylene and CO. Comparable channels explain the interconversion of 5-methyl-2(3H) furanone to its 2(5H) isomer and to the formation of methyl vinyl ketone and CO. The influence of the methyl group at other positions on the ring is hardly of significance except in the case of 5-methyl-2(5H) furanone where a hydrogen atom transfer from the methyl group leads to the formation of a doubly unsaturated carboxylic compound, 2,4-pentadienoic acid. Studies of the UV photolysis of the parent compounds in both low-temperature inert argon matrices and in solution are broadly in accord with the thermal findings insofar as product formation is concerned and with our theoretical calculations. The dominant features of the early decomposition chemistry of these compounds are simple hydrogen transfer and simultaneous ring opening reactions, which do however result in some quite unusual species.
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13
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Clark JM, Nimlos MR, Robichaud DJ. Bimolecular Decomposition Pathways for Carboxylic Acids of Relevance to Biofuels. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:501-16. [PMID: 25513721 DOI: 10.1021/jp509285n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jared M. Clark
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013
Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Mark R. Nimlos
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013
Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - David J. Robichaud
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013
Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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14
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Mishra BK, Chakrabartty AK, Bhattacharjee D, Deka RC. Theoretical investigation on unimolecular decomposition of malonic acid: a potential sink for ketene. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra06506a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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15
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Pacchioni G. Ketonization of Carboxylic Acids in Biomass Conversion over TiO2 and ZrO2 Surfaces: A DFT Perspective. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs500791w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei
Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi, 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy
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16
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Fleisher AJ, Bjork BJ, Bui TQ, Cossel KC, Okumura M, Ye J. Mid-Infrared Time-Resolved Frequency Comb Spectroscopy of Transient Free Radicals. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2241-6. [PMID: 26279541 DOI: 10.1021/jz5008559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate time-resolved frequency comb spectroscopy (TRFCS), a new broadband absorption spectroscopy technique for the study of trace free radicals on the microsecond timescale. We apply TRFCS to study the time-resolved, mid-infrared absorption of the deuterated hydroxyformyl radical trans-DOCO, an important short-lived intermediate along the OD + CO reaction path. Directly after photolysis of the chemical precursor acrylic acid-d1, we measure absolute trans-DOCO product concentrations with a sensitivity of 5 × 10(10) cm(-3) and observe its subsequent loss with a time resolution of 25 μs. The multiplexed nature of TRFCS allows us to detect simultaneously the time-dependent concentration of several other photoproducts and thus unravel primary and secondary chemical reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Fleisher
- †JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- ‡Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bryce J Bjork
- †JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Thinh Q Bui
- §Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kevin C Cossel
- †JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Mitchio Okumura
- §Arthur Amos Noyes Laboratory of Chemical Physics, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jun Ye
- †JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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