1
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Bagheri H, Notej B, Shasavari S, Hashemipour H. Supercritical carbon dioxide utilization in drug delivery:Experimental study and modeling of paracetamol solubility. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 177:106273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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2
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Crystallization of Form II Paracetamol with the Assistance of Carboxylic Acids toward Batch and Continuous Processes. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051099. [PMID: 35631685 PMCID: PMC9147162 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Form II paracetamol has captured the interest of researchers due to its improved compressibility. However, its low stability has made it difficult to be produced on a large scale with good reproducibility. In the present study, the selective polymorphic formation of paracetamol was carried out by cooling crystallization with four types of additives: adipic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, and succinic acid. It was found that: (1) the more additives that were added, the higher the probability of forming Form II paracetamol; (2) Form II paracetamol could be induced by seeding the paracetamol aqueous solution with Form II paracetamol and fumaric acid crystals, and not the other three carboxylic acids; (3) a new solution complex of paracetamol–oxalic acid, evidenced by the solubility diagram, was responsible for the selective nucleation of Form II paracetamol in the oxalic acid aqueous solution; and (4) the range of the degree of supersaturation for nucleating Form II paracetamol was extended with the assistance of oxalic acid or fumaric acid. In large-scale crystallization, Form II paracetamol was produced by the continuous crystallization of 44 mg of paracetamol/mL in 50 wt% of fumaric acid aqueous solution with a flow rate of 150 mL/min.
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3
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Ritters L, Tian Y, Reichl S. Spray-Dried Paracetamol/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Part I-Stability of Powders and Tablets. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111938. [PMID: 34834353 PMCID: PMC8621994 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The formulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is a promising approach to improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble compounds. However, problems often arise in the production of tablets from ASDs regarding the compressibility and recrystallization of the API. In the present study, the preparation of spray-dried ASDs of paracetamol (PCM) and four different types of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and their further processing into tablets were investigated. The influence of PVP type on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the physical stability of ASD powders were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). ASD powders with 10 to 30% PCM were stable for at least 48 weeks. PCM contents of 40 to 50% led to recrystallization of the amorphous PCM within a few days or weeks. ASD with PVP/vinyl acetate (VA) copolymer (PVP/VA) was the most unstable and tended to recrystallize in PCM polymorphic form II. This formulation was therefore used for tablet studies. The influence of compression force on recrystallization, crushing strength, and drug release was investigated. Even high compression forces did not affect the stability of the ASD. However, the ASD tablets led to slow release of the API.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Ritters
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.R.); (Y.T.)
- Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Tian
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.R.); (Y.T.)
| | - Stephan Reichl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie und Biopharmazie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany; (L.R.); (Y.T.)
- Zentrum für Pharmaverfahrenstechnik (PVZ), Franz-Liszt-Straße 35a, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-531-391-5651
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4
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Vasconcelos DLM, de Sousa FF, da Silva Filho JG, Teixeira AMR, Façanha Filho PF, Ribeiro PRS, Freire PTC. Raman spectroscopy of captopril crystals under low-temperature conditions. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 243:118734. [PMID: 32810777 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The polymorphism is a characteristic of several active principles, and can affect the bioavailability of a drug. Among the drugs used in the treatment of heart diseases, captopril is one of the most widely used in the world. Despite the knowledge of vibrational properties of captopril under high temperature and under high pressure, a lack of information impedes the understanding of the substance in the crystal form at low temperatures. In this research, we investigated the vibrational properties of captopril crystals under cryogenic conditions in the 300-8 K interval using Raman spectroscopy. By observing the behavior of the inter- and intra-molecular vibrations it was possible to infer that the captopril molecules suffered a rearranging into the unit cell due slight orientational changes mainly involving CH⋯O hydrogen bonds. The phenomenon occurs in a large temperature range. However, the observed changes do not suggest the occurrence of a structural phase transition and the Raman spectra indicate that the trans conformation is recorded down to the lowest temperature available in the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L M Vasconcelos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, C.P. 6030, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - F F de Sousa
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Universidade Federal do Pará, CEP 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - J G da Silva Filho
- Centro de Ciências Sociais, Saúde e Tecnologia (CCSST), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus II, 65900-410 Imperatriz, MA, Brazil
| | - A M R Teixeira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Regional do Cariri, 63.010-970 Juazeiro do Norte, CE, Brazil
| | - P F Façanha Filho
- Centro de Ciências Sociais, Saúde e Tecnologia (CCSST), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus II, 65900-410 Imperatriz, MA, Brazil
| | - P R S Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências Sociais, Saúde e Tecnologia (CCSST), Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus II, 65900-410 Imperatriz, MA, Brazil
| | - P T C Freire
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, C.P. 6030, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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5
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Effect of Choice of Solvent on Crystallization Pathway of Paracetamol: An Experimental and Theoretical Case Study. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10121107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The choice of solvents influences crystalline solid formed during the crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The underlying effects are not always well understood because of the complexity of the systems. Theoretical models are often insufficient to describe this phenomenon. In this study, the crystallization behavior of the model drug paracetamol in different solvents was studied based on experimental and molecular dynamics data. The crystallization process was followed in situ using time-resolved Raman spectroscopy. Molecular dynamics with simulated annealing algorithm was used for an atomistic understanding of the underlying processes. The experimental and theoretical data indicate that paracetamol molecules adopt a particular geometry in a given solvent predefining the crystallization of certain polymorphs.
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6
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Fedorov AY, Rychkov DA. COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES FOR UNVEILING THE HIGH-PRESSURE BEHAVIOR OF ORGANIC CRYSTALS AT A MOLECULAR LEVEL. CASE STUDY OF TOLAZAMIDE POLYMORPHS. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476620090024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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A Review on High Pressure Experiments for Study of Crystallographic Behavior and Polymorphism of Pharmaceutical Materials. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:2640-2653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Wardhana YW, Hardian A, Chaerunisa AY, Suendo V, Soewandhi SN. Kinetic estimation of solid state transition during isothermal and grinding processes among efavirenz polymorphs. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03876. [PMID: 32405549 PMCID: PMC7210586 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigation into the solid-state transition among drug polymorphs has been more intense lately. Many factors induce the transformation of polymorphs during manufacturing processes. Efavirenz (EFV), an AIDS therapy drug, has more than 23 polymorphs, but very little information has been reported on them. This study aimed to perform a characterisation of EFV polymorph properties and to predict the kinetics and mechanism of the polymorphic transformation of EFV during manufacturing processes. The bimorphism study was conducted by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) thermal analysis. The phase transition kinetics of the polymorphs was monitored by X-ray powder diffraction and the quantification of concomitant polymorphs was examined using Rietveld refinement with MAUD ver. 2.7 as a software aid. To predict the solid-state transition, correlation coefficients of solid-state kinetic models were fitted to the experimental data. The results show that Form I and Form II of EFV were thermodynamically shown to be monotropy related. By fitting the experimental data, it was found that isothermal treatment had the best model fit with the phase boundary reaction in the two-dimensional model (G2). Accordingly, by employing mechanical treatment (grinding), it was predicted that the transition mechanism is a second-ordered reaction (R2). The activation energy of the transition during isothermal treatment calculated by the Arrhenius plot was found to be 23.051 kJ mol-1; the half-lif of Form II at ambient temperature was 428.05 min (~7.1 h).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoga Windhu Wardhana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institute Technology of Bandung (ITB), Indonesia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceuticals Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran (UNPAD), Indonesia
| | - Arie Hardian
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, ITB, Indonesia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Jenderal Achmad Jani (UNJANI), Indonesia
| | - Anis Y. Chaerunisa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceuticals Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran (UNPAD), Indonesia
| | - Veinardi Suendo
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, ITB, Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute Technology of Bandung (ITB), Indonesia
| | - Sundani N. Soewandhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Institute Technology of Bandung (ITB), Indonesia
- Research Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institute Technology of Bandung (ITB), Indonesia
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9
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Thakore SD, Sood A, Bansal AK. Emerging role of primary heterogeneous nucleation in pharmaceutical crystallization. Drug Dev Res 2019; 81:3-22. [PMID: 31800139 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization is an important and difficult to control unit operation in the pharmaceutical industry. Crystallization can control molecular (i.e., polymorphism) and particulate (i.e., particle size and crystal habit) properties of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). Moreover, these molecular and particulate properties govern the manufacturability, stability, and biopharmaceutical performance of the API and drug product. Nucleation is a key step and primary heterogeneous nucleation is a common mode of nucleation during crystallization. Hence, it is important to understand the parameters affecting primary heterogeneous nucleation, to achieve desirable properties in crystalline APIs. Primary heterogeneous crystallization has usually been linked to the surface characteristics like topography and functionality of the heteronucleant. The review outlines recent findings in the primary heterogeneous crystallization with specific emphasis on its pharmaceutical applications including regulatory considerations. Molecular-level mechanisms governing heteronucleation and subsequent outcome in terms of molecular as well as particulate-level properties of API have also been discussed. Moreover, general guidance for the selection of heteronucleant has also been included. Heterogeneous crystallization is a promising tool for efficient crystallization of API having properties for optimal pharmaceutical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samarth D Thakore
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Aaruti Sood
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Arvind K Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, India
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10
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Cruz PC, Rocha FA, Ferreira AM. Application of Selective Crystallization Methods To Isolate the Metastable Polymorphs of Paracetamol: A Review. Org Process Res Dev 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.9b00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrı́cia C. Cruz
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando A. Rocha
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - António M. Ferreira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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11
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Nicoud L, Licordari F, Myerson AS. Polymorph control in batch seeded crystallizers. A case study with paracetamol. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce01428k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We show that seeding is not always sufficient to control cystal polymorphism and illustrate how kinetic modeling can help controlling polymorphism.
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12
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Price SL. Is zeroth order crystal structure prediction (CSP_0) coming to maturity? What should we aim for in an ideal crystal structure prediction code? Faraday Discuss 2018; 211:9-30. [PMID: 30051901 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Crystal structure prediction based on searching for the global minimum in the lattice energy (CSP_0) is growing in use for guiding the discovery of new materials, for example, new functional materials, new phases of interest to planetary scientists and new polymorphs relevant to pharmaceutical development. This Faraday Discussion can assess the progress of CSP_0 over the range of types of materials to which CSP is currently and could be applied, which depends on our ability to model the variety of interatomic forces in crystals. The basic hypothesis, that the outcome of crystallisation is determined by thermodynamics, needs examining by considering methods of modelling relative thermodynamic stability not only as a function of pressure and temperature, but also of size, solvent and the presence of heterogeneous templates or impurities (CSP_thd). Given that many important materials persist, and indeed may be formed, when they are not the most thermodynamically stable structure, we need to define what would be required of an ideal CSP code (CSP_aim).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Price
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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13
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Amado AM, Azevedo C, Ribeiro-Claro PJA. Conformational and vibrational reassessment of solid paracetamol. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 183:431-438. [PMID: 28494395 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This work provides an answer to the urge for a more detailed and accurate knowledge of the vibrational spectrum of the widely used analgesic/antipyretic drug commonly known as paracetamol. A comprehensive spectroscopic analysis - including infrared, Raman, and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) - is combined with a computational approach which takes account for the effects of intermolecular interactions in the solid state. This allows a full reassessment of the vibrational assignments for Paracetamol, thus preventing the propagation of incorrect data analysis and misassignments already found in the literature. In particular, the vibrational modes involving the hydrogen-bonded NH and OH groups are correctly reallocated to bands shifted by up to 300cm-1 relatively to previous assignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Amado
- Química-Física Molecular, Departamento de Química, FCTUC, Universidade de Coimbra, P-3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Celeste Azevedo
- CICECO, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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14
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Recent progress of structural study of polymorphic pharmaceutical drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 117:71-85. [PMID: 27940141 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This review considers advances in the understanding of active pharmaceutical ingredient polymorphism since around 2010 mainly from a structural view point, with a focus on twelve model drugs. New polymorphs of most of these drugs have been identified despite that the polymorphism of these old drugs has been extensively studied so far. In addition to the conventional modifications of preparative solvents, temperatures, and pressure, more strategic structure-based methods have successfully yielded new polymorphs. The development of analytical techniques, including X-ray analyses, spectroscopy, and microscopy has facilitated the identification of unknown crystal structures and also the discovery of new polymorphs. Computational simulations have played an important role in explaining and predicting the stability order of polymorphs. Furthermore, these make significant contributions to the design of new polymorphs by considering structure and energy. The new technologies and insights discussed in this review will contribute to the control of polymorphic forms, both during manufacture and in the drug formulation.
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15
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Smith SJ, Montgomery JM, Vohra YK. High-pressure high-temperature phase diagram of organic crystal paracetamol. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:035101. [PMID: 26732344 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/3/035101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
High-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) Raman spectroscopy studies have been performed on the organic crystal paracetamol in a diamond anvil cell utilizing boron-doped heating diamond anvil. Isobaric measurements were conducted at pressures up to 8.5 GPa and temperature up to 520 K in five different experiments. Solid state phase transitions from monoclinic Form I → orthorhombic Form II were observed at various pressures and temperatures as well as transitions from Form II → unknown Form IV. The melting temperature for paracetamol was observed to increase with increasing pressures to 8.5 GPa. This new data is combined with previous ambient temperature high-pressure Raman and x-ray diffraction data to create the first HPHT phase diagram of paracetamol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer J Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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16
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The interplay between the paracetamol polymorphism and its molecular structures dissolved in supercritical CO2 in contact with the solid phase: In situ vibration spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation analysis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 77:48-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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McGregor L, Rychkov DA, Coster PL, Day S, Drebushchak VA, Achkasov AF, Nichol GS, Pulham CR, Boldyreva EV. A new polymorph of metacetamol. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce00910c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The existence of a new polymorph of metacetamol together with its properties are reported for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay McGregor
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
- The University of Edinburgh
- King's Buildings
- Edinburgh, UK
- REC-008
| | - Denis A. Rychkov
- REC-008
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry
- Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Paul L. Coster
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
- The University of Edinburgh
- King's Buildings
- Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Day
- Diamond Light Source
- Harwell Science & Innovation Campus
- Didcot, UK
| | - Valeri A. Drebushchak
- REC-008
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russia
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Gary S. Nichol
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
- The University of Edinburgh
- King's Buildings
- Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin R. Pulham
- School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions
- The University of Edinburgh
- King's Buildings
- Edinburgh, UK
| | - Elena V. Boldyreva
- REC-008
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry
- Novosibirsk, Russia
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18
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Abstract
In situ Raman surface mapping on a trihydrate sample provides evidence for the existence of a transient phase X on the route to its stable anhydrous polymorph I. The phase transformation events are observed in the order trihydrate → transient phase → form I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis (LBSA)
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonathan C. Burley
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis (LBSA)
- School of Pharmacy
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham, UK
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19
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Gao Y, Olsen KW. Unique Mechanism of Facile Polymorphic Conversion of Acetaminophen in Aqueous Medium. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:3056-67. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500251w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gao
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan
Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
- Pharmaceutics, Research & Development, AbbVie, Inc., 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Kenneth W. Olsen
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 West Sheridan
Road, Chicago, Illinois 60660, United States
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