1
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Oldani N, Freixas VM, Ondarse-Alvarez D, Sharifzadeh S, Gibson T, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S. Electronic Couplings versus Thermal Fluctuations in the Internal Conversion of Perylene Diimides: The Battle to Localize the Exciton. J Chem Theory Comput 2024. [PMID: 38984946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Energy transfer processes among units of light-harvesting homo-oligomers impact the efficiency of these materials as components in organic optoelectronic devices such as solar cells. Perylene diimide (PDI), a prototypical dye, features exceptional light absorption and highly tunable optical and electronic properties. These properties can be modulated by varying the number of PDI units and linkers between them. Herein, atomistic nonadiabatic excited state molecular dynamics is used to explore the energy transfer during the internal conversion of acetylene and diacetylene bridged dimeric and trimeric PDIs. Our simulations reveal a significant impact of the bridge type on the transient exciton localization/delocalization between units of PDI dimers. After electronic relaxation, larger exciton delocalization occurs in the PDI dimer connected by the diacetylene bridge with respect to the one connected by the shorter acetylene bridge. These changes can be rationalized by the Frenkel exciton model. We outline a technique for deriving parameters for this model using inputs provided by nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. Frenkel exciton description reveals an interplay between the relative strengths of the diagonal and off-diagonal disorders. Moreover, atomistic simulations and the Frenkel exciton model of the PDI trimer systems corroborate in detail the localization properties of the exciton on the molecular units during the internal conversion to the lowest-energy excited state when the units become effectively decoupled. Overall, atomistic nonadiabatic simulations in combination with the Frenkel exciton model can serve as a predictive framework for analyzing and predicting desired exciton traps in PDI-based oligomers designed for organic electronics and photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Oldani
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Victor M Freixas
- Department of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Dianelys Ondarse-Alvarez
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Sahar Sharifzadeh
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Tammie Gibson
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies (CNLS), and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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2
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Wirsing S, Hänsel M, Craciunescu L, Belova V, Schreiber F, Broch K, Engels B, Tegeder P. Adsorption Structures Affecting the Electronic Properties and Photoinduced Charge Transfer at Perylene-Based Molecular Interfaces. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300386. [PMID: 37428120 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Perylene-based organic semiconductors are widely used in organic electronic devices. Here, we studied the ultrafast excited state dynamics after optical excitation at interfaces between the electron donor (D) diindenoperylene (DIP) and the electron acceptor (A) dicyano-perylene-bis(dicarboximide) (PDIR-CN2 ) using femtosecond time-resolved second harmonic generation (SHG) in combination with large scale quantum chemical calculations. Thereby, we varied in bilayer structures of DIP and PDIR-CN2 the interfacial molecular geometry. For an interfacial configuration which contains a edge-on geometry but also additional face-on domains an optically induced charge transfer (CT) is observed, which leads to a pronounced increase of the SHG signal intensity due to electric field induced second harmonic generation. The interfacial CT state decays within 7.5±0.7 ps, while the creation of hot CT states leads to a faster decay (5.3±0.2 ps). For the bilayer structures with mainly edge-on geometries interfacial CT formation is suppressed since π-π overlap perpendicular to the interface is missing. Our combined experimental and theoretical study provides important insights into D/A charge transfer properties, which is needed for the understanding of the interfacial photophysics of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wirsing
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Hänsel
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luca Craciunescu
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Valentina Belova
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71, avenue des Martyrs CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Li P, Zhou L, Zhao C, Ju H, Gao Q, Si W, Cheng L, Hao J, Li M, Chen Y, Jia C, Guo X. Single-molecule nano-optoelectronics: insights from physics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:086401. [PMID: 35623319 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac7401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule optoelectronic devices promise a potential solution for miniaturization and functionalization of silicon-based microelectronic circuits in the future. For decades of its fast development, this field has made significant progress in the synthesis of optoelectronic materials, the fabrication of single-molecule devices and the realization of optoelectronic functions. On the other hand, single-molecule optoelectronic devices offer a reliable platform to investigate the intrinsic physical phenomena and regulation rules of matters at the single-molecule level. To further realize and regulate the optoelectronic functions toward practical applications, it is necessary to clarify the intrinsic physical mechanisms of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. Here, we provide a timely review to survey the physical phenomena and laws involved in single-molecule optoelectronic materials and devices, including charge effects, spin effects, exciton effects, vibronic effects, structural and orbital effects. In particular, we will systematically summarize the basics of molecular optoelectronic materials, and the physical effects and manipulations of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. In addition, fundamentals of single-molecule electronics, which are basic of single-molecule optoelectronics, can also be found in this review. At last, we tend to focus the discussion on the opportunities and challenges arising in the field of single-molecule optoelectronics, and propose further potential breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihui Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Ju
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Si
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Chen
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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4
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Craciunescu L, Wirsing S, Hammer S, Broch K, Dreuw A, Fantuzzi F, Sivanesan V, Tegeder P, Engels B. Accurate Polarization-Resolved Absorption Spectra of Organic Semiconductor Thin Films Using First-Principles Quantum-Chemical Methods: Pentacene as a Case Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3726-3731. [PMID: 35442698 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical studies using clusters as model systems have been extremely successful in explaining various photophysical phenomena in organic semiconductor (OSC) thin films. But they have not been able to satisfactorily simulate total and polarization-resolved absorption spectra of OSCs so far. In this work, we demonstrate that accurate spectra are predicted by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) when the employed cluster reflects the symmetry of the crystal structure and all monomers feel the same environment. Additionally, long-range corrected optimal tuned functionals are mandatory. For pentacene thin films, the computed electronic spectra for thin films then reach an impressive accuracy compared with experimental data with a deviation of less than 0.1 eV. This allows for accurate peak assignments and mechanistic studies, which paves the way for a comprehensive understanding of OSCs using an affordable and easy-to-use cluster approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Craciunescu
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Strasse 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sara Wirsing
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Strasse 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hammer
- Experimentelle Physik VI, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Center for the Physics of Materials, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felipe Fantuzzi
- School of Physical Sciences, Ingram Building, University of Kent, Park Wood Road, Canterbury CT2 7NH, U.K
| | - Vipilan Sivanesan
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Tegeder
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Strasse 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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5
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Zubair I, Ahmad Kher R, Javaid Akram S, El-Badry YA, Umar Saeed M, Iqbal J. Tuning the optoelectronic properties of indacenodithiophene based derivatives for efficient photovoltaic applications: A DFT approach. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.139459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Ni W, Gurzadyan GG, Sun L, Gelin MF. Toward efficient photochemistry from upper excited electronic states: Detection of long S 2 lifetime of perylene. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:191102. [PMID: 34800965 DOI: 10.1063/5.0069398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A long 0.9 ps lifetime of the upper excited singlet state in perylene is resolved by femtosecond pump-probe measurements under ultraviolet (4.96 eV) excitation and further validated by theoretical simulations of transient absorption kinetics. This finding prompts exploration and development of novel perylene-based materials for upper excited state photochemistry applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Gagik G Gurzadyan
- Center of Artificial Photosynthesis for Solar Fuels, School of Science, Westlake University, 310024 Hangzhou, China
| | - Licheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Institute of Artificial Photosynthesis, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, 310018 Hangzhou, China
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7
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Mukazhanova A, Malone W, Negrin-Yuvero H, Fernandez-Alberti S, Tretiak S, Sharifzadeh S. Photoexcitation dynamics in perylene diimide dimers. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:244117. [PMID: 33380092 DOI: 10.1063/5.0031485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We utilize first-principles theory to investigate photo-induced excited-state dynamics of functionalized perylene diimide. This class of materials is highly suitable for solar energy conversion because of the strong optical absorbance, efficient energy transfer, and chemical tunability. We couple time-dependent density functional theory to a recently developed time-resolved non-adiabatic dynamics approach based on a semi-empirical description. By studying the monomer and dimer, we focus on the role stacking plays on the time-scales associated with excited-state non-radiative relaxation from a high excitonic state to the lowest energy exciton. We predict that the time-scale for energy conversion in the dimer is significantly faster than that in the monomer when equivalent excited states are accounted for. Additionally, for the dimer, the decay from the second to the nearly degenerate lowest energy excited-state involves two time-scales: a rapid decay on the order of ∼10 fs followed by a slower decay of ∼100 fs. Analysis of the spatial localization of the electronic transition density during the internal conversion process points out the existence of localized states on individual monomers, indicating that the strength of thermal fluctuations exceeds electronic couplings between the states such that the exciton hops between localized states throughout the simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Mukazhanova
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Walter Malone
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Hassiel Negrin-Yuvero
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Roque Saenz Peña 352, B1876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | | | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division and Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Sahar Sharifzadeh
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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8
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Deutsch M, Wirsing S, Kaiser D, Fink RF, Tegeder P, Engels B. Geometry relaxation-mediated localization and delocalization of excitons in organic semiconductors: A quantum chemical study. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:224104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0028943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Deutsch
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg,, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - S. Wirsing
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg,, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - D. Kaiser
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg,, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - R. F. Fink
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - P. Tegeder
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B. Engels
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg,, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Kang S, Kaufmann C, Hong Y, Kim W, Nowak-Król A, Würthner F, Kim D. Ultrafast coherent exciton dynamics in size-controlled perylene bisimide aggregates. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2019; 6:064501. [PMID: 31803792 PMCID: PMC6887513 DOI: 10.1063/1.5124148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For H-aggregates of perylene bisimide (PBI), it has been reported that upon photoexcitation, an initially delocalized Frenkel exciton is localized by excimer formation. However, in recent studies, the beforehand exciton dynamics preceding the excimer formation was suggested in larger aggregates consisting of at least more than 10-PBI subunits, which was not observed in small aggregates comprising less than four-PBI subunits. This feature implies that the size of molecular aggregates plays a crucial role in the initial exciton dynamics. In this regard, we have tried to unveil the initial exciton dynamics in PBI H-aggregates by tracking down the transient reorientations of electronic transition dipoles formed by interactions between the PBI subunits in systematically size-controlled PBI H-aggregates. The ultrafast coherent exciton dynamics depending on the molecular aggregate sizes can be distinguished using polarization-dependent femtosecond-transient absorption anisotropy spectroscopic measurements with a time resolution of ∼40 fs. The ultrafast decay profiles of the anisotropy values are unaffected by vibrational relaxation and rotational diffusion processes; hence, the coherent exciton dynamics of the PBI H-aggregates prior to the excimer formation can be directly revealed as the energy migration processes along the PBI H-aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongsoo Kang
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Christina Kaufmann
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Woojae Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Agnieszka Nowak-Król
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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10
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Wehner J, Engel V. Stochastically correlated versus uncorrelated quantum-state diffusion dynamics in different electronic states: third-order polarizations and two-dimensional vibronic spectra. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Bellinger D, Pflaum J, Brüning C, Engel V, Engels B. The electronic character of PTCDA thin films in comparison to other perylene-based organic semi-conductors: ab initio-, TD-DFT and semi-empirical computations of the opto-electronic properties of large aggregates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:2434-2448. [PMID: 28058427 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07673d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Perylene-based compounds are promising materials for opto-electronic thin film devices but despite intense investigations, important details of their electronic structure are still under debate. For perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydrid (PTCDA), the theoretical models predict a different relative energetic order of Frenkel and Charge Transfer (CT) states. Additionally, while one model indicates strong differences between PTCDA on one hand and other perylene-based compounds on the other, recent ab initio computations indicate electronic properties of all perylene-based compounds to resemble each other. Finally, the models disagree about the amount of mixing between CT and Frenkel states. Definitive answers to these questions are difficult because the approaches use various approximations. Up to date, the ab initio based methods employ rather small model systems and neglect environmental effects. In the present work, we improve our former approach by analyzing the effects of the various simplifications. In more detail, we increase the size of the model systems, include environmental effects and investigate the influence of exciton-phonon couplings on the absorption spectrum. The computations for larger aggregates were performed with the ZINDO/S approach, because benchmark computations show that it provides accurate vertical excitation energies for Frenkel, as well as CT states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bellinger
- Institut für Phys. und Theor. Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik VI, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany and ZAE Bayern e.V., Magdalena-Schoch-Str. 3, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Brüning
- Institut für Phys. und Theor. Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Volker Engel
- Institut für Phys. und Theor. Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Phys. und Theor. Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Emil-Fischer-Straße 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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12
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Mauck CM, Bae YJ, Chen M, Powers‐Riggs N, Wu Y, Wasielewski MR. Charge‐Transfer Character in a Covalent Diketopyrrolopyrrole Dimer: Implications for Singlet Fission. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201700135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Mauck
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Youn Jue Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Michelle Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Natalia Powers‐Riggs
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Yi‐Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry, Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Institute for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208-3113 USA
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13
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Brückner C, Stolte M, Würthner F, Pflaum J, Engels B. QM/MM calculations combined with the dimer approach on the static disorder at organic-organic interfaces of thin-film organic solar cells composed of small molecules. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Brückner
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Würzburg Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie and Center for Nanosystems Chemistry; Würzburg Germany
| | - Jens Pflaum
- Experimentelle Physik VI; Universität Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
- Bayerisches Zentrum für Angewandte Energieforschung (ZAE Bayern e.V.); Würzburg Germany
| | - Bernd Engels
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg; Würzburg Germany
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14
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Cook RE, Phelan BT, Kamire RJ, Majewski MB, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Excimer Formation and Symmetry-Breaking Charge Transfer in Cofacial Perylene Dimers. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1607-1615. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita E. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Brian T. Phelan
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Kamire
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Marek B. Majewski
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne−Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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15
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Mauck CM, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Characterization of Excimer Relaxation via Femtosecond Shortwave- and Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:784-792. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Mauck
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M. Young
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and
Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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16
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Engels B, Engel V. The dimer-approach to characterize opto-electronic properties of and exciton trapping and diffusion in organic semiconductor aggregates and crystals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:12604-12619. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01599b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We present the recently developed dimer approach which seems to include all main effects determining the photo-physics of organic semiconductor aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Engels
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Am Hubland
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Volker Engel
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie
- Am Hubland
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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17
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Camposeo A, Pensack RD, Moffa M, Fasano V, Altamura D, Giannini C, Pisignano D, Scholes GD. Anisotropic Conjugated Polymer Chain Conformation Tailors the Energy Migration in Nanofibers. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:15497-15505. [PMID: 27933935 PMCID: PMC5133673 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are complex multichromophore systems, with emission properties strongly dependent on the electronic energy transfer through active subunits. Although the packing of the conjugated chains in the solid state is known to be a key factor to tailor the electronic energy transfer and the resulting optical properties, most of the current solution-based processing methods do not allow for effectively controlling the molecular order, thus making the full unveiling of energy transfer mechanisms very complex. Here we report on conjugated polymer fibers with tailored internal molecular order, leading to a significant enhancement of the emission quantum yield. Steady state and femtosecond time-resolved polarized spectroscopies evidence that excitation is directed toward those chromophores oriented along the fiber axis, on a typical time scale of picoseconds. These aligned and more extended chromophores, resulting from the high stretching rate and electric field applied during the fiber spinning process, lead to improved emission properties. Conjugated polymer fibers are relevant to develop optoelectronic plastic devices with enhanced and anisotropic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Camposeo
- Istituto
Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center
for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Ryan D. Pensack
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Maria Moffa
- Istituto
Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center
for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Vito Fasano
- Dipartimento
di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Davide Altamura
- Istituto
di Cristallografia (IC-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Istituto
di Cristallografia (IC-CNR), via Amendola 122/O, I-70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Dario Pisignano
- Istituto
Nanoscienze-CNR, Euromediterranean Center
for Nanomaterial Modelling and Technology (ECMT), via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Matematica e Fisica “Ennio De Giorgi”, Università del Salento, via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gregory D. Scholes
- Department
of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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18
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Keß M, Worth G, Engel V. Two-dimensional vibronic spectroscopy of molecular aggregates: Trimers, dimers, and monomers. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:084305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4961388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Keß
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Campus Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - G. Worth
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - V. Engel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Campus Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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19
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Brüning C, Wehner J, Hausner J, Wenzel M, Engel V. Exciton dynamics in perturbed vibronic molecular aggregates. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2016; 3:043201. [PMID: 26798840 PMCID: PMC4720114 DOI: 10.1063/1.4936127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A site specific perturbation of a photo-excited molecular aggregate can lead to a localization of excitonic energy. We investigate this localization dynamics for laser-prepared excited states. Changing the parameters of the electric field significantly influences the exciton localization which offers the possibility for a selective control of this process. This is demonstrated for aggregates possessing a single vibrational degree of freedom per monomer unit. It is shown that the effects identified for the molecular dimer can be generalized to larger aggregates with a high density of vibronic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brüning
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Am Hubland , Campus Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Wehner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Am Hubland , Campus Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Hausner
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Am Hubland , Campus Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Wenzel
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Am Hubland , Campus Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - V Engel
- Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Am Hubland , Campus Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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20
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Keß M, Engel V. Two-dimensional femtosecond optical spectroscopy of trapping dynamics in a charge-transfer process. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Bellinger D, Settels V, Liu W, Fink RF, Engels B. Influence of a polarizable surrounding on the electronically excited states of aggregated perylene materials. J Comput Chem 2016; 37:1601-10. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bellinger
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 D-97074 Würzburg
| | - Volker Settels
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 D-97074 Würzburg
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 D-97074 Würzburg
| | - Reinhold F. Fink
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 D-97074 Würzburg
| | - Bernd Engels
- Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Emil-Fischer-Straße 42 D-97074 Würzburg
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22
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Dean JC, Oblinsky DG, Rather SR, Scholes GD. Methylene Blue Exciton States Steer Nonradiative Relaxation: Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Methylene Blue Dimer. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:440-54. [PMID: 26781668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b11847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photochemistry and aggregation properties of methylene blue (MB) lead to its popular use in photodynamic therapy. The facile formation of strongly coupled "face-to-face" H-aggregates in concentrated aqueous solution, however, significantly changes its spectroscopic properties and photophysics. The photoinitiated dynamics of the simplest MB aggregate, MB2, was investigated over femtosecond to nanosecond time scales revealing sequential internal conversion events that fully relax the excited population. MB monomer dynamics were analyzed in tandem for a direct comparison. First, ultrafast internal conversion from the electric-dipole allowed upper exciton state to the lower forbidden exciton state was evaluated by use of broadband transient absorption (BBTA) and two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) with a time resolution of ∼ 10 fs. Lineshape analysis of MB and MB2 2DES bands at 298 and 77 K show effectively no difference in the diagonal/antidiagonal line width ratio for the dimer, in marked contrast to the distinct reduction of the homogeneous line width for MB. This result is interpreted as ultrafast population relaxation imposing a limitation to the homogeneous line width, instead of pure dephasing as in the case of the monomer. Narrowband transient absorption was performed with the aid of target analysis, to model the dynamics at longer times. The MB dynamics were described by a sequential model featuring vibrational relaxation (1-10 ps) followed by intersystem crossing and internal conversion (τ ∼ 370 ps) leaving behind MB triplet species. Alternatively, the dimer dynamics were entirely quenched within ∼ 10 ps, yielding a ground state recovery time of 3-4 ps. Such fast and complete relaxation to the ground state demonstrates the effect of concentration quenching when monomers are brought into close proximity. The formation of exciton states introduces an initial energy funnel that eventually leads to population relaxation to the ground state, preventing even the dissociation of dimers despite having internal energies well above its binding energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Dean
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Daniel G Oblinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Shahnawaz R. Rather
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Gregory D Scholes
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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23
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Hollfelder M, Gekle S. Dynamic Stacking Pathway of Perylene Dimers in Aromatic and Nonaromatic Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:10216-23. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Hollfelder
- Physics
Department, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Stephan Gekle
- Physics
Department, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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24
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Albert J, Falge M, Keß M, Wehner JG, Zhang PP, Eisfeld A, Engel V. Extended quantum jump description of vibronic two-dimensional spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:212440. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4919870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Albert
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Campus Nord, Emil-Fischer-St. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Falge
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Campus Nord, Emil-Fischer-St. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Keß
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Campus Nord, Emil-Fischer-St. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Johannes G. Wehner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Campus Nord, Emil-Fischer-St. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Pan-Pan Zhang
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Noethnitzer St. 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Eisfeld
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Noethnitzer St. 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Engel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Campus Nord, Emil-Fischer-St. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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25
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Son M, Fimmel B, Dehm V, Würthner F, Kim D. Folding-Induced Modulation of Excited-State Dynamics in an Oligophenylene-Ethynylene-Tethered Spiral Perylene Bisimide Aggregate. Chemphyschem 2015; 16:1757-67. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201500156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Nowak-Król A, Fimmel B, Son M, Kim D, Würthner F. Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) versus excimer formation in supramolecular p/n-heterojunctions of perylene bisimide dyes and implications for organic photovoltaics. Faraday Discuss 2015; 185:507-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Foldamer systems comprised of two perylene bisimide (PBI) dyes attached to the conjugated backbones of 1,2-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene and phenylethynyl-bis(phenylene)indane, respectively, were synthesized and investigated with regard to their solvent-dependent properties. UV/Vis absorption and steady-state fluorescence spectra show that both foldamers exist predominantly in a folded H-aggregated state consisting of π–π-stacked PBIs in THF and in more random conformations with weaker excitonic coupling between the PBIs in chloroform. Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy reveal entirely different relaxation pathways for the photoexcited molecules in the given solvents, i.e. photoinduced electron transfer leading to charge separated states for the open conformations (in chloroform) and relaxation into excimer states with red-shifted emission for the stacked conformations (in THF). Supported by redox data from cyclic voltammetry and Rehm–Weller analysis we could relate the processes occurring in these solution-phase model systems to the elementary processes in organic solar cells. Accordingly, only if relaxation pathways such as excimer formation are strictly avoided in molecular semiconductor materials, excitons may diffuse over larger distances to the heterojunction interface and produce photocurrent via the formation of electron/hole pairs by photoinduced electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Nowak-Król
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Benjamin Fimmel
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
| | - Minjung Son
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- Korea
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry
- Yonsei University
- Seoul 120-749
- Korea
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universität Würzburg
- Institut für Organische Chemie & Center for Nanosystems Chemistry
- 97074 Würzburg
- Germany
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27
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Spreitler F, Sommer M, Hollfelder M, Thelakkat M, Gekle S, Köhler J. Unravelling the conformations of di-(perylene bisimide acrylate) by combining time-resolved fluorescence-anisotropy experiments and molecular modelling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:25959-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03064h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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28
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Lindquist RJ, Lefler KM, Brown KE, Dyar SM, Margulies EA, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Energy flow dynamics within cofacial and slip-stacked perylene-3,4-dicarboximide dimer models of π-aggregates. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:14912-23. [PMID: 25245598 DOI: 10.1021/ja507653p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Robust perylene-3,4-dicarboximide (PMI) π-aggregates provide important light-harvesting and electron-hole pair generation advantages in organic photovoltaics and related applications, but relatively few studies have focused on the electronic interactions between PMI chromophores. In contrast, structure-function relationships based on π-π stacking in the related perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximides) (PDIs) have been widely investigated. The performance of both PMI and PDI derivatives in organic devices may be limited by the formation of low-energy excimer trap states in morphologies where interchromophore coupling is strong. Here, five covalently bound PMI dimers with varying degrees of electronic interaction were studied to probe the relative chromophore orientations that lead to excimer energy trap states. Femtosecond near-infrared transient absorption spectroscopy was used to observe the growth of a low-energy transition at ~1450-1520 nm characteristic of the excimer state in these covalent dimers. The excimer-state absorption appears in ~1 ps, followed by conformational relaxation over 8-17 ps. The excimer state then decays in 6.9-12.8 ns, as measured by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The excimer lifetimes reach a maximum for a slip-stacked geometry in which the two PMI molecules are displaced along their long axes by one phenyl group (~4.3 Å). Additional displacement of the PMIs by a biphenyl spacer along the long axis prevents excimer formation. Symmetry-breaking charge transfer is not observed in any of the PMI dimers, and only a small triplet yield (<5%) is observed for the cofacial PMI dimers. These data provide structural insights for minimizing excimer trap states in organic devices based on PMI derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Lindquist
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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29
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Wehner J, Falge M, Strunz WT, Engel V. Quantum diffusion wave-function approach to two-dimensional vibronic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:134306. [PMID: 25296805 DOI: 10.1063/1.4896705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We apply the quantum diffusion wavefunction approach to calculate vibronic two-dimensional (2D) spectra. As an example, we use a system consisting of two electronic states with harmonic oscillator potentials which are coupled to a bath and interact with three time-delayed laser pulses. The first- and second-order perturbative wave functions which enter into the expression for the third-order polarization are determined for a sufficient number of stochastic runs. The wave-packet approach, besides being an alternative technique to calculate the spectra, offers an intuitive insight into the dissipation dynamics and its relation to the 2D vibronic spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wehner
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Hubland Campus Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Falge
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Hubland Campus Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Walter T Strunz
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, TU Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Engel
- Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Hubland Campus Nord, Emil-Fischer-Str. 42, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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30
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Margulies EA, Shoer LE, Eaton SW, Wasielewski MR. Excimer formation in cofacial and slip-stacked perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) dimers on a redox-inactive triptycene scaffold. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:23735-42. [PMID: 25272158 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03107e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Excitation energy transfer in perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) aggregates is of interest for light-harvesting applications of this strongly absorbing and π-π stacking chromophore. Here we report the synthesis and characterization of two PDI dimers in which the chromophores are covalently linked by a redox-inactive triptycene bridge in orientations that are cofacial (1) and slip-stacked along their N-N axes (2). Femtosecond transient absorption experiments on 1 and 2 reveal rapid exciton delocalization resulting excimer formation. Cofacial π-π stacked dimer 1 forms a low-energy excimer state absorption (λmax = 1666 nm) in τ = ∼2 ps after photoexcitation. Inserting a phenyl spacer on the bridge to generate a slip-stacked PDI-PDI geometry in 2 results in a less stable excimer state (λmax = 1430 nm), which forms in τ = ∼12 ps due to decreased electronic coupling. The near-infrared (NIR) excimer absorption of cofacial dimer 1 is ∼120 meV lower in energy than that of slip-stacked dimer 2, further highlighting electronic differences between these states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Margulies
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA.
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31
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Seibt J, Pullerits T. Combined treatment of relaxation and fluctuation dynamics in the calculation of two-dimensional electronic spectra. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:114106. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4895401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Seibt
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-2100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tõnu Pullerits
- Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, Box 124, SE-2100 Lund, Sweden
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32
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Brown KE, Salamant WA, Shoer LE, Young RM, Wasielewski MR. Direct Observation of Ultrafast Excimer Formation in Covalent Perylenediimide Dimers Using Near-Infrared Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:2588-93. [PMID: 26277948 DOI: 10.1021/jz5011797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Energy transfer in perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) aggregates is often limited by formation of a low-energy excimer state. Formation dynamics of excimer states are often characterized by line shape changes and peak shift dynamics in femtosecond visible transient absorption spectra. Femtosecond near-infrared transient absorption experiments reveal a unique low-energy transition that can be used to identify and characterize this state without overlapping excited singlet-state absorption. Three covalently bound PDI dimers with differing PDI-PDI distances were studied to probe the influence of interchromophore electronic coupling on the PDI excimer transient spectra and dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen E Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Walter A Salamant
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Leah E Shoer
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Ryan M Young
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston Illinois 60208-3113, United States
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston Illinois 60208-3113, United States
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