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Lushchikova OV, Reijmer S, Armentrout PB, Bakker JM. IR Spectroscopic Characterization of Methane Adsorption on Copper Clusters Cu n+ ( n = 2-4). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1393-1400. [PMID: 35411768 PMCID: PMC9354255 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of CH4 with cationic copper clusters has been studied with infrared-multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. Cun+ (n = 2-4) formed by laser ablation were reacted with CH4. The formed complexes were irradiated with the IR light of the free-electron laser for intracavity experiments (FELICE), and the fragments were mass-analyzed with a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The structures of the Cun+-CH4 complexes are assigned on the basis of comparison between the resulting IRMPD spectra to spectra of different isomers calculated with density functional theory (DFT). For all sizes n, the structure found is one with molecularly adsorbed CH4. Only slight deformations of the CH4 molecule have been identified upon adsorption on the clusters, which results in redshifts of the spectroscopic bands. This deformation can be explained by charge transfer from the cluster to the adsorbed methane molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Lushchikova
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stijn Reijmer
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P. B. Armentrout
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Joost M. Bakker
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Roithová J, Bakker JM. Ion spectroscopy in methane activation. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:513-528. [PMID: 34008884 PMCID: PMC9292810 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This review is devoted to ion spectroscopy studies of complexes relevant for the understanding of methane activation with metal ions and clusters. Methane activation starts with the formation of a complex with a metal ion. The degree of the interaction between an intact methane molecule and the ion can be monitored by the perturbations of C-H stretch vibrations in the methane molecule. Binding mediated by the electrostatic interaction results in a η3 type coordination of methane. In contrast, binding governed by orbital interactions results in a η2 type coordination of methane. We further review the spectroscopic characterization of activation products of metal-methane reactions, such as the metal-carbene and carbyne products resulting from the interaction of selected 5d metals with methane. The focus of recent research in the field has shifted towards the investigation of interactions between methane and metal clusters. We show examples highlighting that metal clusters can be more reactive in methane activation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Roithová
- Department of Spectroscopy and CatalysisRadboud University NijmegenNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Joost M. Bakker
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and MaterialsFELIX LaboratoryNijmegenThe Netherlands
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Kozubal J, Heck T, Metz RB. Structures of M +(CH 4) n (M = Ti, V) Based on Vibrational Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theory. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4143-4151. [PMID: 33961741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Photofragment spectroscopy is used to measure the vibrational spectra of M+(CH4)(Ar) and M+(CH4)n (M = Ti, V; n = 1-4) in the C-H stretching region (2550-3100 cm-1). Spectra were measured by monitoring the loss of Ar from M+(CH4)(Ar) and loss of CH4 from the larger clusters. The experimental spectra are then compared to simulations done at the B3LYP/6-311++G(3df,3pd) level of theory to identify the structures of the ions. The spectra all have a peak near 2800 cm-1 due to the symmetric C-H stretch of the hydrogens adjacent to the metal. Some complexes also have a smaller peak due to the corresponding antisymmetric stretch. Most complexes also have a peak near 3000 cm-1 due to the C-H stretch of hydrogens pointing away from the metal. The symmetric proximate C-H stretches of M+(CH4)(Ar) to M+(CH4)4 are red-shifted from the symmetric stretch in bare CH4 by 149, 152, 128, and 107 cm-1 for the titanium complexes and 164, 175, 158, and 146 cm-1, respectively, for the vanadium complexes. In M+(CH4)(Ar) (M = Ti, V), the heavy atoms are collinear. Ti+(CH4)(Ar) has η3 methane hydrogen coordination (∠M-C-H = 180°), while V+(CH4)(Ar) has η2 (∠M-C-H = 124°). The n = 2 complexes have C-M-C linear. Ti+(CH4)2 has C2h symmetry with η3 CH4 while V+(CH4)2 has methane coordination intermediate between η2 and η3 (∠M-C-H = 156°). Both the M+(CH4)3 (M = Ti, V) complexes have C2v symmetry with one methane farther away from the metal in an η2 binding orientation and two methanes close to the metal with a nearly η2 methane for vanadium and coordination between η2 and η3 CH4 for titanium (∠M-C-H = 150°). In Ti+(CH4)4 and V+(CH4)4 all of the methanes have η2 coordination. The titanium complex has a distorted square planar geometry with two different Ti-C bond lengths and the vanadium complex is square planar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Kozubal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Tristan Heck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ricardo B Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Kozubal J, Heck T, Metz RB. Vibrational Spectroscopy of Intermediates and C–H Activation Products of Sequential Zr+ Reactions with CH4. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:8235-8245. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c07027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Kozubal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Tristan Heck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ricardo B. Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Kozubal J, Heck TR, Metz RB. Vibrational Spectroscopy of Cr+(NH3)n (n = 1–6) Reveals Coordination and Hydrogen-Bonding Motifs. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:4929-4936. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b03196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Kozubal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Tristan R. Heck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ricardo B. Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Cao W, Zhang Y, Yang DS. La-mediated dehydrogenation and C C bond cleavage of 1,4-pentadiene and 1-pentyne: Spectroscopy and formation of La(C5H6) and La(C3H4) radicals. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Cao W, Zhang Y, Nyambo S, Yang DS. Spectroscopy and formation of lanthanum-hydrocarbon radicals formed by C—H and C—C bond activation of 1-pentene and 2-pentene. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:034303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5022771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Silver Nyambo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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Cao W, Hewage D, Yang DS. Spectroscopy and formation of lanthanum-hydrocarbon radicals formed by association and carbon-carbon bond cleavage of isoprene. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:194302. [PMID: 30307187 DOI: 10.1063/1.5026899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
La atom reaction with isoprene is carried out in a laser-vaporization molecular beam source. The reaction yields an adduct as the major product and C-C cleaved and dehydrogenated species as the minor ones. La(C5H8), La(C2H2), and La(C3H4) are characterized with mass-analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectroscopy and quantum chemical computations. The MATI spectra of all three species exhibit a strong origin band and several weak vibronic bands corresponding to La-ligand stretch and ligand-based bend excitations. La(C5H8) is a five-membered metallacycle, whereas La(C2H2) and La(C3H4) are three-membered rings. All three metallacycles prefer a doublet ground state with a La 6s1-based valence electron configuration and a singlet ion. The five-membered metallacycle is formed through La addition and isoprene isomerization, whereas the two three-membered rings are produced by La addition and insertion, hydrogen migration, and carbon-carbon bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dilrukshi Hewage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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Cao W, Hewage D, Yang DS. Lanthanum-mediated dehydrogenation of butenes: Spectroscopy and formation of La(C4H6) isomers. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:044312. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5017615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dilrukshi Hewage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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Gentleman AS, Green AE, Price DR, Cunningham EM, Iskra A, Mackenzie SR. Infrared Spectroscopy of Au +(CH 4) n Complexes and Vibrationally-Enhanced C-H Activation Reactions. Top Catal 2017; 61:81-91. [PMID: 31258301 PMCID: PMC6560929 DOI: 10.1007/s11244-017-0868-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A combined spectroscopic and computational study of gas-phase Au+(CH4)n (n = 3–8) complexes reveals a strongly-bound linear Au+(CH4)2 core structure to which up to four additional ligands bind in a secondary coordination shell. Infrared resonance-enhanced photodissociation spectroscopy in the region of the CH4a1 and t2 fundamental transitions reveals essentially free internal rotation of the core ligands about the H4C–Au+–CH4 axis, with sharp spectral features assigned by comparison with spectral simulations based on density functional theory. In separate experiments, vibrationally-enhanced dehydrogenation is observed when the t2 vibrational normal mode in methane is excited prior to complexation. Clear infrared-induced enhancement is observed in the mass spectrum for peaks corresponding 4u below the mass of the Au+(CH4)n=2,3 complexes corresponding, presumably, to the loss of two H2 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Gentleman
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Alice E Green
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Daniel R Price
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Ethan M Cunningham
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Andreas Iskra
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Stuart R Mackenzie
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ UK
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11
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Cao W, Hewage D, Yang DS. Lanthanum-mediated dehydrogenation of 1- and 2-butynes: Spectroscopy and formation of La(C4H4) isomers. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:064303. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4997567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dilrukshi Hewage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
| | - Dong-Sheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055, USA
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12
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Copeland CW, Ashraf MA, Boyle EM, Metz RB. Vibrational Spectroscopy of Fe3+(CH4)n (n = 1–3) and Fe4+(CH4)4. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2132-2137. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b13074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W. Copeland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 United States
| | - Muhammad Affawn Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 United States
| | - Emily M. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 United States
| | - Ricardo B. Metz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003 United States
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13
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Wheeler OW, Salem M, Gao A, Bakker JM, Armentrout PB. Activation of C-H Bonds in Pt(+) + x CH4 Reactions, where x = 1-4: Identification of the Platinum Dimethyl Cation. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:6216-27. [PMID: 27438025 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b05361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation of C-H bonds in the sequential reactions of Pt(+) + x(CH4/CD4), where x = 1-4, have been investigated using infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. Pt(+) cations are formed by laser ablation and exposed to controlled amounts of CH4/CD4 leading to [Pt,xC,(4x-2)H/D](+) dehydrogenation products. Irradiation of these products in the 400-2100 cm(-1) range leads to CH4/CD4 loss from the x = 3 and 4 products, whereas PtCH2(+)/PtCD2(+) products do not decompose at all, and x = 2 products dissociate only when formed from a higher order product. The structures of these complexes were explored theoretically at several levels of theory with three different basis sets. Comparison of the experimental and theoretical results indicate that the species formed have a Pt(CH3)2(+)(CH4)x-2/Pt(CD3)2(+)(CD4)x-2 binding motif for x = 2-4. Thus, reaction of Pt(+) with methane occurs by C-H bond activation to form PtCH2(+), which reacts with an additional methane molecule by C-H bond activation to form the platinum dimethyl cation. This proposed reaction mechanism is consistent with theoretical explorations of the potential energy surface for reactions of Pt(+) with one and two methane molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar W Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Michelle Salem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Amanda Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Joost M Bakker
- FELIX Laboratory, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University , Toernooiveld 7c, 6525ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P B Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah , 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
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Kocak A, Yilmaz H, Faiz O, Andac O. Experimental and theoretical studies on Cu(II) complex of N,N′-disalicylidene-2,3-diaminopyridine ligand reveal indirect evidence for DNA intercalation. Polyhedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kocak A, Ashraf MA, Metz RB. Vibrational Spectroscopy Reveals Varying Structural Motifs in Cu+(CH4)n and Ag+(CH4)n (n = 1–6). J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:9653-65. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b07079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkadir Kocak
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant
Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Muhammad Affawn Ashraf
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant
Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Ricardo B. Metz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant
Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Ashraf MA, Copeland CW, Kocak A, McEnroe AR, Metz RB. Vibrational spectroscopy and theory of Fe2+(CH4)n (n = 1–3). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25700-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01757b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vibrational spectroscopy of size selected clusters reveals the extent to which interactions with Fe2+ weaken proximate C–H bonds in methane ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abdulkadir Kocak
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
| | | | - Ricardo B. Metz
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Amherst
- Amherst
- USA
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