1
|
Cadet J, Angelov D, Di Mascio P, Wagner JR. Contribution of oxidation reactions to photo-induced damage to cellular DNA. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38970297 DOI: 10.1111/php.13990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
This review article is aimed at providing updated information on the contribution of immediate and delayed oxidative reactions to the photo-induced damage to cellular DNA/skin under exposure to UVB/UVA radiations and visible light. Low-intensity UVC and UVB radiations that operate predominantly through direct excitation of the nucleobases are very poor oxidizing agents giving rise to very low amounts of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine and DNA strand breaks with respect to the overwhelming bipyrimidine dimeric photoproducts. The importance of these two classes of oxidatively generated damage to DNA significantly increases together with a smaller contribution of oxidized pyrimidine bases upon UVA irradiation. This is rationalized in terms of sensitized photooxidation reactions predominantly mediated by singlet oxygen together with a small contribution of hydroxyl radical that appear to also be implicated in the photodynamic effects of the blue light component of visible light. Chemiexcitation-mediated formation of "dark" cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers in UVA-irradiated melanocytes is a recent major discovery that implicates in the initial stage, a delayed generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species giving rise to triplet excited carbonyl intermediate and possibly singlet oxygen. High-intensity UVC nanosecond laser radiation constitutes a suitable source of light to generate pyrimidine and purine radical cations in cellular DNA via efficient biphotonic ionization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dimitar Angelov
- Laboratoire de Biologie et de Modélisation de la Cellule LMBC, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center IBG, Dokuz Eylul University, Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Richard Wagner
- Département de Médecine nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Navarrete-Miguel M, Giussani A, Rubio M, Boggio-Pasqua M, Borin AC, Roca-Sanjuán D. Quantum-Chemistry Study of the Photophysical Properties of 4-Thiouracil and Comparisons with 2-Thiouracil. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2273-2285. [PMID: 38504122 PMCID: PMC10982997 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
DNA in living beings is constantly damaged by exogenous and endogenous agents. However, in some cases, DNA photodamage can have interesting applications, as it happens in photodynamic therapy. In this work, the current knowledge on the photophysics of 4-thiouracil has been extended by further quantum-chemistry studies to improve the agreement between theory and experiments, to better understand the differences with 2-thiouracil, and, last but not least, to verify its usefulness as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy. This study has been carried out by determining the most favorable deactivation paths of UV-vis photoexcited 4-thiouracil by means of the photochemical reaction path approach and an efficient combination of the complete-active-space second-order perturbation theory//complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASPT2//CASSCF), (CASPT2//CASPT2), time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), and spin-flip TDDFT (SF-TDDFT) methodologies. By comparing the data computed herein for both 4-thiouracil and 2-thiouracil, a rationale is provided on the relatively higher yields of intersystem crossing, triplet lifetime and singlet oxygen production of 4-thiouracil, and the relatively higher yield of phosphorescence of 2-thiouracil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Navarrete-Miguel
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, P.O. Box 22085, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Angelo Giussani
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, P.O. Box 22085, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Rubio
- Departament
de Química Física, Universitat
de València, 46100 Burjassot, Spain
| | - Martial Boggio-Pasqua
- Laboratoire
de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, IRSAMC,
CNRS et Université Toulouse 3, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Antonio Carlos Borin
- Department
of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry,
University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, P.O. Box 22085, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie M, Ren SX, Hu D, Zhong JM, Luo J, Tan Y, Li YP, Si LP, Cao J. The impact of the chalcogen-substitution element and initial spectroscopic state on excited-state relaxation pathways in nucleobase photosensitizers: a combination of static and dynamic studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27756-27765. [PMID: 37814579 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03730d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The substitution of oxygen with chalcogen in carbonyl group(s) of canonical nucleobases gives an impressive triplet generation, enabling their promising applications in medicine and other emerging techniques. The excited-state relaxation S2(ππ*) → S1(nπ*) → T1(ππ*) has been considered the preferred path for triplet generation in these nucleobase derivatives. Here, we demonstrate enhanced quantum efficiency of direct intersystem crossing from S2 to triplet manifold upon substitution with heavier chalcogen elements. The excited-state relaxation dynamics of sulfur/selenium substituted guanines in a vacuum is investigated using a combination of static quantum chemical calculations and on-the-fly excited-state molecular dynamics simulations. We find that in sulfur-substitution the S2 state predominantly decays to the S1 state, while upon selenium-substitution the S2 state deactivation leads to simultaneous population of the S1 and T2,3 states in the same time scale and multi-state quasi-degeneracy region S2/S1/T2,3. Interestingly, the ultrafast deactivation of the spectroscopic S3 state of both studied molecules to the S1 state occurs through a successive S3 → S2 → S1 path involving a multi-state quasi-degeneracy S3/S2/S1. The populated S1 and T2 states will cross the lowest triplet state, and the S1 → T intersystem crossing happens in a multi-state quasi-degeneracy region S1/T2,3/T1 and is accelerated by selenium-substitution. The present study reveals the influence of both the chalcogen substitution element and initial spectroscopic state on the excited-state relaxation mechanism of nucleobase photosensitizers and also highlights the important role of multi-state quasi-degeneracy in mediating the complex relaxation process. These theoretical results provide additional insights into the intrinsic photophysics of nucleobase-based photosensitizers and are helpful for designing novel photo-sensitizers for real applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Xie
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy & Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Xiao Ren
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy & Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Die Hu
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy & Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Meng Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy & Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy & Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Yin Tan
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy & Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Ping Li
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Li-Ping Si
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy & Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy & Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, P. R. China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550018, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tan C, Wang S, Yang H, Huang Q, Li S, Liu X, Ye H, Zhang G. Understanding the interaction of nucleotides with UVC light: an insight from quantum chemical calculation-based findings. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:3270-3278. [PMID: 36625732 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05054d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Short-wave ultraviolet (also called UVC) irradiation is a well-adopted method of viral inactivation due to its ability to damage genetic material. A fundamental problem with the UVC inactivation method is that its mechanism of action on viruses is still unknown at the molecular level. To address this problem, herein we investigate the response mechanism of genome materials to UVC light by means of quantum chemical calculations. The spectral properties of four nucleotides, namely, adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil, are mainly focused on. Meanwhile, the transition state and reaction rate constant of uracil molecules are also considered to demonstrate the difficulty level of adjacent nucleotide reaction without and with UVC irradiation. The results show that the peak wavelengths are 248.7 nm, 226.1 nm (252.7 nm), 248.3 nm, and 205.8 nm (249.2 nm) for adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil nucleotides, respectively. Besides, the reaction rate constants of uracil molecules are 6.419 × 10-49 s-1 M-1 and 5.436 × 1011 s-1 M-1 for the ground state and excited state, respectively. Their corresponding half-life values are 1.56 × 1048 s and 1.84 × 10-12 s. This directly suggests that the molecular reaction between nucleotides is a photochemical process and the reaction without UVC irradiation almost cannot occur.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunjian Tan
- Electronic Components, Technology and Materials, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands. .,Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Electronic Components, Technology and Materials, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands. .,Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Huiru Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Qianming Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Shizhen Li
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Xu Liu
- Electronic Components, Technology and Materials, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands. .,Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Huaiyu Ye
- Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuits for Next-Generation Communications, Ministry of Education, School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
| | - Guoqi Zhang
- Electronic Components, Technology and Materials, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yang Z, Zhou H, Wang L, Zhang J, Xie H, Liu Y, Zeng J, Cheng P. Visible-light-promoted and chlorophyll-catalyzed aerobic desulfurization of thioamides to amides. RSC Adv 2022; 12:17190-17193. [PMID: 35755598 PMCID: PMC9180122 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01930b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel method for the metal-free synthesis of amides from thioamides based on visible-light photoredox catalysis and in an air atmosphere is reported. Natural pigment chlorophyll is used as a photosensitizer to generate singlet molecular oxygen 1O2, which is involved in the aerobic desulfurization of thioamides. The protocol provides amides in good yields at room temperature under mild conditions. On the basis of experimental results, a plausible photoredox mechanism is proposed. A visible-light-promoted desulfurization of thioamides to amides is reported. Natural pigment chlorophyll is used as a photosensitizer to generate singlet molecular oxygen 1O2 as oxidants.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan 410128 China
| | - Haoyi Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan 410128 China
| | - Lin Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan 410128 China
| | - Jingxuan Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan 410128 China
| | - Hongqi Xie
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan 410128 China .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan 410128 China
| | - Yisong Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan 410128 China .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan 410128 China
| | - Jianguo Zeng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan 410128 China .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan 410128 China
| | - Pi Cheng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan 410128 China .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University Changsha Hunan 410128 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mayer D, Picconi D, Robinson MS, Gühr M. Experimental and theoretical gas-phase absorption spectra of thionated uracils. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
7
|
Teles-Ferreira DC, Manzoni C, Martínez-Fernández L, Cerullo G, de Paula AM, Borrego-Varillas R. Ultrafast Excited-State Decay Mechanisms of 6-Thioguanine Followed by Sub-20 fs UV Transient Absorption Spectroscopy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041200. [PMID: 35208987 PMCID: PMC8878119 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the primary steps following UV photoexcitation in sulphur-substituted DNA bases (thiobases) is fundamental for developing new phototherapeutic drugs. However, the investigation of the excited-state dynamics in sub-100 fs time scales has been elusive until now due to technical challenges. Here, we track the ultrafast decay mechanisms that lead to the electron trapping in the triplet manifold for 6-thioguanine in an aqueous solution, using broadband transient absorption spectroscopy with a sub-20 fs temporal resolution. We obtain experimental evidence of the fast internal conversion from the S2(ππ*) to the S1(nπ*) states, which takes place in about 80 fs and demonstrates that the S1(nπ*) state acts as a doorway to the triplet population in 522 fs. Our results are supported by MS-CASPT2 calculations, predicting a planar S2(ππ*) pseudo-minimum in agreement with the stimulated emission signal observed in the experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristian Manzoni
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (C.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Lara Martínez-Fernández
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias and Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IADCHEM), Campus de Excelencia UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (C.M.); (G.C.)
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ana Maria de Paula
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Rocío Borrego-Varillas
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (C.M.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Banu S, Yadav PP. Chlorophyll: the ubiquitous photocatalyst of nature and its potential as an organo-photocatalyst in organic syntheses. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8584-8598. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01473d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of chlorophyll, the principal photoacceptor of green plants, as an organo-photocatalyst.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saira Banu
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Prem P. Yadav
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226031, India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad-201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Teles-Ferreira DC, van Stokkum IH, Conti I, Ganzer L, Manzoni C, Garavelli M, Cerullo G, Nenov A, Borrego Varillas R, de Paula AM. Coherent vibrational modes promote the ultrafast internal conversion and intersystem crossing in thiobases. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:21750-21758. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02073d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Thionated nucleobases are obtained by replacing oxygen with sulphur atoms in the canonical nucleobases. They absorb light efficiently in the near-ultraviolet, populating singlet states which undergo intersystem crossing to the...
Collapse
|
10
|
Baptista MS, Cadet J, Greer A, Thomas AH. Photosensitization Reactions of Biomolecules: Definition, Targets and Mechanisms. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 97:1456-1483. [PMID: 34133762 DOI: 10.1111/php.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitization reactions have been demonstrated to be largely responsible for the deleterious biological effects of UV and visible radiation, as well as for the curative actions of photomedicine. A large number of endogenous and exogenous photosensitizers, biological targets and mechanisms have been reported in the past few decades. Evolving from the original definitions of the type I and type II photosensitized oxidations, we now provide physicochemical frameworks, classifications and key examples of these mechanisms in order to organize, interpret and understand the vast information available in the literature and the new reports, which are in vigorous growth. This review surveys in an extended manner all identified photosensitization mechanisms of the major biomolecule groups such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids bridging the gap with the subsequent biological processes. Also described are the effects of photosensitization in cells in which UVA and UVB irradiation triggers enzyme activation with the subsequent delayed generation of superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide. Definitions of photosensitized reactions are identified in biomolecules with key insights into cells and tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et de Radiobiologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Alexander Greer
- Department of Chemistry, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA.,Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrés H Thomas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), CCT La Plata-CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang K, Wang F, Jiang Y, Wang X, Pan H, Sun Z, Sun H, Xu J, Chen J. New Insights about the Photostability of DNA/RNA Bases: Triplet nπ* State Leads to Effective Intersystem Crossing in Pyrimidinones. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:2042-2049. [PMID: 33600186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The high photostability of DNA/RNA nucleobases is attributed to the effective internal conversions of their bright 1ππ* states to the ground state through conical intersections. Intersystem crossing (ISC) from singlet to triplet excited states is a minor decay pathway in nucleobases and it is observed with ∼1-2% quantum yields (QYs) in pyrimidine bases. Presumably, ISC in pyrimidines takes place from the dark singlet 1nπ* state to the lowest triplet 3ππ* state. However, recent studies showed that ISC from the initial populated bright 1ππ* state to higher energy triplet 3nπ* states indeed occurs in the subpicosecond timescale. Such a mechanism is still poorly understood since direct observation of this pathway is challenging. Herein, excited state dynamics of three pyrimidinones, which share the same skeleton with pyrimidine bases, is investigated in different solvents. Compared to canonical pyrimidine bases, removing the oxygen atom at the C4 position revokes the low-lying dark 1nπ* state in pyrimidinones, resulting in direct ISC from the S1 (1ππ*) state to triplet T3 (3nπ*) state with much higher QYs. Meanwhile, hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl group in pyrimidinones and protic solvents can accelerate vibrational cooling of the hot S1 (1ππ*) state, leading to higher fluorescence QYs and smaller ISC rate constants. These results not only evidence the hypothesis of the direct 1ππ* → 3nπ* ISC mechanism, but also contribute to a better understanding of triplet formation in pyrimidines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fufang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yanrong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhenrong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Jinquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nonoshita D, Kashihara W, Tanabe K, Isozaki T, Xu YZ, Suzuki T. Excited States of Thio-2'-deoxyuridine Bearing an Extended π-Conjugated System: 3',5'-Di- O-acetyl-5-phenylethynyl-4-thio-2'-deoxyuridine. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:597-606. [PMID: 33307688 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A new thio-2'-deoxyuridine with an extended π-conjugated group was successfully synthesized: 3',5'-di-O-acetyl-5-phenylethynyl-4-thio-2'-deoxyuridine. The thio-2'-deoxyuridine derivative has a large red-shifted absorption band in the UVA region and also shows fluorescence, a rare photo-property among thionucleobases/thionucleosides. The triplet-triplet absorption spectrum and the rate constants (the intrinsic decay rate constant of the triplet state, the self-quenching rate constant, and the quenching rate constant of the triplet state by an oxygen molecule) of the thio-2'-deoxyuridine were obtained by transient absorption spectroscopy. The quantum yield of intersystem crossing and the quantum yield of singlet molecular oxygen formation (ϕΔ) under an oxygen atmosphere were also determined. The ϕΔ value of the new thio-2'-deoxyuridine was found to be substantially higher than all reported values of other thio-2'-deoxyribonucleosides in low oxygen concentrations similar to cancer cell environments. The fluorescence quantum yield depended on the excitation wavelength, revealing certain photochemical reactions in the higher excited singlet states. However, when excited into the higher excited state with non-resonant two-photon absorption, the ϕΔ of the thio-2'-deoxyuridine derivative was found to remain sufficiently large. These findings should be very useful for the development of thio-2'-deoxyribonucleoside-based pharmaceuticals as DNA-specific photosensitizers for photochemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Nonoshita
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wataru Kashihara
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tasuku Isozaki
- Division of Natural Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, J. F. Oberlin University, Tokiwa-machi, Machida 194-0294, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yao Zhong Xu
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Keynes MK7 6AA, U.K
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Science, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Single and Combined Methods to Specifically or Bulk-Purify RNA-Protein Complexes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081160. [PMID: 32784769 PMCID: PMC7464009 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ribonome interconnects the proteome and the transcriptome. Specific biology is situated at this interface, which can be studied in bulk using omics approaches or specifically by targeting an individual protein or RNA species. In this review, we focus on both RNA- and ribonucleoprotein-(RNP) centric methods. These methods can be used to study the dynamics of the ribonome in response to a stimulus or to identify the proteins that interact with a specific RNA species. The purpose of this review is to provide and discuss an overview of strategies to cross-link RNA to proteins and the currently available RNA- and RNP-centric approaches to study RNPs. We elaborate on some major challenges common to most methods, involving RNP yield, purity and experimental cost. We identify the origin of these difficulties and propose to combine existing approaches to overcome these challenges. The solutions provided build on the recently developed organic phase separation protocols, such as Cross-Linked RNA eXtraction (XRNAX), orthogonal organic phase separation (OOPS) and Phenol-Toluol extraction (PTex).
Collapse
|
14
|
Peng Q, Zhu YH, Zhang TS, Liu XY, Fang WH, Cui G. Selenium substitution effects on excited-state properties and photophysics of uracil: a MS-CASPT2 study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12120-12128. [PMID: 32440669 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01369b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The photophysics of selenium-substituted nucleobases has attracted recent experimental attention because they could serve as potential photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy. Herein, we present a comprehensive MS-CASPT2 study on the spectroscopic and excited-state properties, and photophysics of 2-selenouracil (2SeU), 4-selenouracil (4SeU), and 2,4-selenouracil (24SeU). Relevant minima, conical intersections, crossing points, and excited-state relaxation paths in the lowest five electronic states (i.e., S0, S1, S2, T2, and T1) are explored. On the basis of these results, their photophysical mechanisms are proposed. Upon photoirradiation to the bright S2 state, 2SeU quickly relaxes to its S2 minimum and then moves in an essentially barrierless way to a nearby S2/S1 conical intersection near which the S1 state is populated. Next, the S1 system arrives at an S1/T2/T1 intersection where a large S1/T1 spin-orbit coupling of 430.8 cm-1 makes the T1 state populated. In this state, a barrier of 6.8 kcal mol-1 will trap 2SeU for a while. In parallel, for 4SeU or 24SeU, the system first relaxes to the S2 minimum and then overcomes a small barrier to approach an S2/S1 conical intersection. Once hopping to the S1 state, there exists an extended region with very close S1, T2, and T1 energies. Similarly, a large S1/T1 spin-orbit coupling of 426.8 cm-1 drives the S1→ T1 intersystem crossing process thereby making the T1 state populated. Similarly, an energy barrier heavily suppresses electronic transition to the S0 state. The present work manifests that different selenium substitutions on uracil can lead to a certain extent of different vertical and adiabatic excitation energies, excited-state properties, and relaxation pathways. These insights could help understand the photophysics of selenium-substituted nucleobases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Teles‐Ferreira DC, Conti I, Borrego‐Varillas R, Nenov A, Van Stokkum IHM, Ganzer L, Manzoni C, Paula AM, Cerullo G, Garavelli M. A Unified Experimental/Theoretical Description of the Ultrafast Photophysics of Single and Double Thionated Uracils. Chemistry 2019; 26:336-343. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Cristina Teles‐Ferreira
- Departamento de Física Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
- Electrical Engineering Department Federal Institute of Minas Gerais Formiga MG Brazil
| | - Irene Conti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale Università degli Studi di Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Rocío Borrego‐Varillas
- IFN-CNR Department of Physics Politecnico di Milano P.za L. da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale Università degli Studi di Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| | - Ivo H. M. Van Stokkum
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Faculty of Sciences Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1081 1081HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- IFN-CNR Department of Physics Politecnico di Milano P.za L. da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Cristian Manzoni
- IFN-CNR Department of Physics Politecnico di Milano P.za L. da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Ana Maria Paula
- Departamento de Física Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais 31270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR Department of Physics Politecnico di Milano P.za L. da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale Università degli Studi di Bologna Viale del Risorgimento 4 40136 Bologna Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alcolea Palafox M, Franklin Benial AM, K Rastogi V. Biomolecules of 2-Thiouracil, 4-Thiouracil and 2,4-Dithiouracil: A DFT Study of the Hydration, Molecular Docking and Effect in DNA:RNAMicrohelixes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3477. [PMID: 31311161 PMCID: PMC6678171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular structure of 2-thiouracil, 4-thiouracil and 2,4-dithiouracil was analyzed under the effect of the first and second hydration shell by using the B3LYP density functional (DFT) method, and the results were compared to those obtained for the uracil molecule. A slight difference in the water distribution appears in these molecules. On the hydration of these molecules several trends in bond lengths and atomic charges were established. The ring in uracil molecule appears easier to be deformed and adapted to different environments as compared to that when it is thio-substituted. Molecular docking calculations of 2-thiouracil against three different pathogens: Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were carried out. Docking calculations of 2,4-dithiouracil ligand with various targeted proteins were also performed. Different DNA: RNA hybrid microhelixes with uridine, 2-thiouridine, 4-thiouridine and 2,4-dithiouridine nucleosides were optimized in a simple model with three nucleotide base pairs. Two main types of microhelixes were analyzed in detail depending on the intramolecular H-bond of the 2'-OH group. The weaker Watson-Crick (WC) base pair formed with thio-substituted uracil than with unsubstituted ones slightly deforms the helical and backbone parameters, especially with 2,4-dithiouridine. However, the thio-substitution significantly increases the dipole moment of the A-type microhelixes, as well as the rise and propeller twist parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Alcolea Palafox
- Departamento de Química-Física, Facultad de CienciasQuímicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - V K Rastogi
- Indian Spectroscopy Society, KC 68/1, Old Kavinagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shchepachev V, Bresson S, Spanos C, Petfalski E, Fischer L, Rappsilber J, Tollervey D. Defining the RNA interactome by total RNA-associated protein purification. Mol Syst Biol 2019; 15:e8689. [PMID: 30962360 PMCID: PMC6452921 DOI: 10.15252/msb.20188689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA binding proteome (RBPome) was previously investigated using UV crosslinking and purification of poly(A)-associated proteins. However, most cellular transcripts are not polyadenylated. We therefore developed total RNA-associated protein purification (TRAPP) based on 254 nm UV crosslinking and purification of all RNA-protein complexes using silica beads. In a variant approach (PAR-TRAPP), RNAs were labelled with 4-thiouracil prior to 350 nm crosslinking. PAR-TRAPP in yeast identified hundreds of RNA binding proteins, strongly enriched for canonical RBPs. In comparison, TRAPP identified many more proteins not expected to bind RNA, and this correlated strongly with protein abundance. Comparing TRAPP in yeast and E. coli showed apparent conservation of RNA binding by metabolic enzymes. Illustrating the value of total RBP purification, we discovered that the glycolytic enzyme enolase interacts with tRNAs. Exploiting PAR-TRAPP to determine the effects of brief exposure to weak acid stress revealed specific changes in late 60S ribosome biogenesis. Furthermore, we identified the precise sites of crosslinking for hundreds of RNA-peptide conjugates, using iTRAPP, providing insights into potential regulation. We conclude that TRAPP is a widely applicable tool for RBPome characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Shchepachev
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stefan Bresson
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christos Spanos
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Lutz Fischer
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Bioanalytics, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Tollervey
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Y, Zhao H, Zhou Q, Dai X, Liu K, Song D, Su H. Monitoring the Structure-Dependent Reaction Pathways of Guanine Radical Cations in Triplex DNA: Deprotonation Versus Hydration. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:2853-2863. [PMID: 30834754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Exposure of DNA to one-electron oxidants leads initially to the formation of guanine radical cations (G•+), which may degrade by deprotonation or hydration and ultimately cause strand breaks or 8-oxoG lesions. As the structure is dramatically changed by binding of the third strand in the major groove of the target duplex, it makes the triplex an interesting DNA structure to be examined and compared with the duplex on the G•+ degradation pathways. Here, we report for the first time the time-resolved spectroscopy study on the G•+ reaction dynamics in triplex DNA together with the Fourier transform infrared characterization of steady-state products, from which structural effects on the reactivity of G•+ are unraveled. For an antiparallel triplex-containing GGC motif, G•+ mainly suffers from fast deprotonation (9.8 ± 0.2) × 106 s-1, featuring release of both N1-H and N2-H of G in the third strand directly into bulk water. The much faster and distinct deprotonation behavior compared to the duplex should be related to long-resident water spines in the third strand. The G•+ hydration product 8-oxoG is negligible for an antiparallel triplex; instead, the 5-HOO-(G-H) hydroperoxide formed after G•+ deprotonation is identified by its vibrational marker band. In contrast, in a parallel triplex (C+GC), the deprotonation of G•+ occurs slowly (6.0 ± 0.3) × 105 s-1 with the release of N1-H, while G•+ hydration becomes the major pathway with yields of 8-oxoG larger than in the duplex. The increased positive charge brought by the third strand makes the G radical in the parallel triplex sustain more cation character and prone for hydration. These results indicate that non-B DNA (triplex) plays an important role in DNA damage formation and provide mechanistic insights to rationalize why triplex structures might become hot spots for mutagenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Qian Zhou
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Xiaojuan Dai
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Kunhui Liu
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Di Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Hongmei Su
- College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Makurat S, Spisz P, Kozak W, Rak J, Zdrowowicz M. 5-Iodo-4-thio-2'-Deoxyuridine as a Sensitizer of X-ray Induced Cancer Cell Killing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1308. [PMID: 30875879 PMCID: PMC6470520 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleosides, especially pyrimidines modified in the C5-position, can act as radiosensitizers via a mechanism that involves their enzymatic triphosphorylation, incorporation into DNA, and a subsequent dissociative electron attachment (DEA) process. In this paper, we report 5-iodo-4-thio-2'-deoxyuridine (ISdU) as a compound that can effectively lead to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced cellular death, which is proven by a clonogenic assay. The test revealed that the survival of cells, pre-treated with 10 or 100 µM solution of ISdU and exposed to 0.5 Gy of IR, was reduced from 78.4% (for non-treated culture) to 67.7% and to 59.8%, respectively. For a somewhat higher dose of 1 Gy, the surviving fraction was reduced from 68.2% to 54.9% and to 40.8% for incubation with 10 or 100 µM ISdU, respectively. The cytometric analysis of histone H2A.X phosphorylation showed that the radiosensitizing effect of ISdU was associated, at least in part, with the formation of double-strand breaks. Moreover, the cytotoxic test against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa line) confirmed low cytotoxic activity of ISdU. Based on the results of steady state radiolysis of ISdU with a dose of 140 Gy and quantum chemical calculations explaining the origin of the MS detected radioproducts, the molecular mechanism of sensitization by ISdU was proposed. In conclusion, we found ISdU to be a potential radiosensitizer that could improve anticancer radiotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Makurat
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Paulina Spisz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Witold Kozak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Janusz Rak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Zdrowowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Di Mascio P, Martinez GR, Miyamoto S, Ronsein GE, Medeiros MHG, Cadet J. Singlet Molecular Oxygen Reactions with Nucleic Acids, Lipids, and Proteins. Chem Rev 2019; 119:2043-2086. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Glaucia R. Martinez
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, 81531-990 Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Sayuri Miyamoto
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Graziella E. Ronsein
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Marisa H. G. Medeiros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, SP Brazil
| | - Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4 Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xia Y, Wang F, Wang RN, Liu KH, Su HM. Reaction kinetics between thiobases and singlet oxygen studied by direct detection of the 1O2 luminescence decay. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1811268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xia
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fei Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ren-nian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Kun-hui Liu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hong-mei Su
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zou X, Sun Z, Zhao H, Zhang CY. Mechanistic insight into photocrosslinking reaction between triplet state 4-thiopyrimidine and thymine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21305-21316. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04089g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple nonadiabatic pathways greatly facilitate the proceeding of photocrosslinking reactions between 4-thiopyrimidine and thymine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Zou
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Zhonghua Sun
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Chun-yang Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cadet J, Douki T. Formation of UV-induced DNA damage contributing to skin cancer development. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1816-1841. [PMID: 29405222 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00395a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UV-induced DNA damage plays a key role in the initiation phase of skin cancer. When left unrepaired or when damaged cells are not eliminated by apoptosis, DNA lesions express their mutagneic properties, leading to the activation of proto-oncogene or the inactivation of tumor suppression genes. The chemical nature and the amount of DNA damage strongly depend on the wavelength of the incident photons. The most energetic part of the solar spectrum at the Earth's surface (UVB, 280-320 nm) leads to the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts (64PPs). Less energetic but 20-times more intense UVA (320-400 nm) also induces the formation of CPDs together with a wide variety of oxidatively generated lesions such as single strand breaks and oxidized bases. Among those, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua) is the most frequent since it can be produced by several mechanisms. Data available on the respective yield of DNA photoproducts in cells and skin show that exposure to sunlight mostly induces pyrimidine dimers, which explains the mutational signature found in skin tumors, with lower amounts of 8-oxoGua and strand breaks. The present review aims at describing the basic photochemistry of DNA and discussing the quantitative formation of the different UV-induced DNA lesions reported in the literature. Additional information on mutagenesis, repair and photoprotection is briefly provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean Cadet
- Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec JIH 5N4, Canada.
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Intersystem crossing dynamics in singly substituted thiouracil studied by time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy: Micro-environmental effects due to sulfur position. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
25
|
Nenov A, Conti I, Borrego-Varillas R, Cerullo G, Garavelli M. Linear absorption spectra of solvated thiouracils resolved at the hybrid RASPT2/MM level. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
26
|
Borrego-Varillas R, Teles-Ferreira DC, Nenov A, Conti I, Ganzer L, Manzoni C, Garavelli M, Maria de Paula A, Cerullo G. Observation of the Sub-100 Femtosecond Population of a Dark State in a Thiobase Mediating Intersystem Crossing. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16087-16093. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Borrego-Varillas
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Irene Conti
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristian Manzoni
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ana Maria de Paula
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte-MG, Brazil
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- IFN-CNR, Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ashwood B, Pollum M, Crespo-Hernández CE. Photochemical and Photodynamical Properties of Sulfur-Substituted Nucleic Acid Bases. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:33-58. [PMID: 29978490 DOI: 10.1111/php.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-substituted nucleobases (a.k.a., thiobases) are among the world's leading prescriptions for chemotherapy and immunosuppression. Long-term treatment with azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine has been correlated with the photoinduced formation of carcinomas. Establishing an in-depth understanding of the photochemical properties of these prodrugs may provide a route to overcoming these carcinogenic side effects, or, alternatively, a basis for developing effective compounds for targeted phototherapy. In this review, a broad examination is undertaken, surveying the basic photochemical properties and excited-state dynamics of sulfur-substituted analogs of the canonical DNA and RNA nucleobases. A molecular-level understanding of how sulfur substitution so remarkably perturbs the photochemical properties of the nucleobases is presented by combining experimental results with quantum-chemical calculations. Structure-property relationships demonstrate the impact of site-specific sulfur substitution on the photochemical properties, particularly on the population of the reactive triplet state. The value of fundamental photochemical investigations for driving the development of ultraviolet-A chemotherapeutics is showcased. The most promising photodynamic agents identified thus far have been investigated in various carcinoma cell lines and shown to decrease cell proliferation upon exposure to ultraviolet-A radiation. Overarching principles have been elucidated for the impact that sulfur substitution of the carbonyl oxygen has on the photochemical properties of the nucleobases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Ashwood
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Marvin Pollum
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu YT, Yin X, Lai XY, Wang X. Theoretical study on photophysical properties of three high water solubility polypyridyl complexes for two-photon photodynamic therapy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18074-18081. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01069b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon photodynamic therapy (TP-PDT) is a very promising treatment that has drawn much attention in recent years due to its ability to penetrate deeper into tissues and minimize the damage to normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Ningxia University
- Yinchuan 750021
- China
| | - Xue Yin
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Ningxia University
- Yinchuan 750021
- China
| | - Xiao-Yong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Ningxia University
- Yinchuan 750021
- China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Coal Utilization and Green Chemical Engineering
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Ningxia University
- Yinchuan 750021
- China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Koyama D, Milner MJ, Orr-Ewing AJ. Evidence for a Double Well in the First Triplet Excited State of 2-Thiouracil. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:9274-9280. [PMID: 28895733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b06917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The computationally predicted presence of two structurally distinct minima in the first triplet excited (T1) state of 2-thiouracil (2TU) is substantiated by sub-picosecond transient vibrational absorption spectroscopy (TVAS) in deuterated acetonitrile solution. Following 300 nm ultraviolet excitation to the second singlet excited state of 2TU, a transient infrared absorption band centered at 1643 cm-1 is observed within our minimum time resolution of 0.3 ps. It is assigned either to 2TU molecules in the S1 state or to vibrationally hot T1-state molecules, with the latter assignment more consistent with recent computational and experimental studies. The 1643 cm-1 band decays with a time constant of 7.2 ± 0.8 ps, and there is corresponding growth of several further bands centered at 1234, 1410, 1424, 1443, 1511, 1626, and 1660 cm-1 which show no decline in intensity over the 1 ns time limit of our measurements. These spectral features are assigned to two different conformations of 2TU, corresponding to separate energy minima on the T1-state potential energy surface, on the basis of their extended lifetimes, computed infrared frequencies, and the observed quenching of the bands by addition of styrene. Corresponding measurements for the 4-thiouracil (4TU) isomer show sub-picosecond population of the T1 state, which vibrationally cools with a time constant of 5.2 ± 0.6 ps. However, TVAS measurements in the carbonyl stretching region do not distinguish the two computed T1-state conformers of 4TU because of the similarity of their vibrational frequencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Koyama
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Matthew J Milner
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol , Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Arslancan S, Martínez-Fernández L, Corral I. Photophysics and Photochemistry of Canonical Nucleobases’ Thioanalogs: From Quantum Mechanical Studies to Time Resolved Experiments. Molecules 2017. [PMCID: PMC6152766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interest in understanding the photophysics and photochemistry of thiated nucleobases has been awakened because of their possible involvement in primordial RNA or their potential use as photosensitizers in medicinal chemistry. The interpretation of the photodynamics of these systems, conditioned by their intricate potential energy surfaces, requires the powerful interplay between experimental measurements and state of the art molecular simulations. In this review, we provide an overview on the photophysics of natural nucleobases’ thioanalogs, which covers the last 30 years and both experimental and computational contributions. For all the canonical nucleobase’s thioanalogs, we have compiled the main steady state absorption and emission features and their interpretation in terms of theoretical calculations. Then, we revise the main topographical features, including stationary points and interstate crossings, of their potential energy surfaces based on quantum mechanical calculations and we conclude, by combining the outcome of different spectroscopic techniques and molecular dynamics simulations, with the mechanism by which these nucleobase analogs populate their triplet excited states, which are at the origin of their photosensitizing properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serra Arslancan
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain;
| | - Lara Martínez-Fernández
- Istituto Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Mezzocannone 16, Napoli I-80134, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.M.-F.); (I.C.); Tel.: +34-91-497-8471 (I.C.)
| | - Inés Corral
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain;
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IADCHEM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.M.-F.); (I.C.); Tel.: +34-91-497-8471 (I.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dai X, Song D, Liu K, Su H. Photoinduced C—I bond homolysis of 5-iodouracil: A singlet predissociation pathway. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:025103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4973650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Kunhui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Hongmei Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Martinez-Fernandez L, Fahleson T, Norman P, Santoro F, Coriani S, Improta R. Optical absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of thiouracils: a quantum mechanical study in solution. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1415-1423. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00105c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The excited electronic states of thiouracils, the analogues of uracil where the carbonyl oxygens are substituted by sulphur atoms, have been investigated by computing the magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and one-photon absorption (OPA) spectra at the TD-DFT level of theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - T. Fahleson
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-10044 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - P. Norman
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- SE-10044 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - F. Santoro
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici (ICCOM-CNR)
- Area della Ricerca del CNR
- I-56124 Pisa
- Italy
| | - S. Coriani
- Department of Chemistry
- Technical University of Denmark
- Denmark
| | - R. Improta
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR
- I-80134 Napoli
- Italy
- LIDYL
- CEA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pollum M, Jockusch S, Crespo-Hernández CE. Increase in the photoreactivity of uracil derivatives by doubling thionation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:27851-61. [PMID: 26439833 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04822b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability of 4-thiouracil to strongly absorb UVA radiation and to populate a reactive triplet state in high yield has enabled its use as a versatile photocrosslinker for nearly 50 years. In this contribution, we present a detailed spectroscopic and photochemical investigation of the 2-thiouracil, 4-thiouracil, and 2,4-dithiouracil series in an effort to further advance this chemistry and to scrutinize the photoreactivity of 2,4-dithiouracil. Our results reveal that excitation of 2,4-dithiouracil leads to intersystem crossing to the triplet manifold in 220 ± 40 fs, which enables the population of the reactive triplet state with near unity yield (ΦT = 0.90 ± 0.15) and ultimately leads to a ca. 50% singlet oxygen generation (ΦΔ = 0.49 ± 0.02)-one of the highest singlet oxygen yields reported to date for a photoexcited thiobase. In addition, the long-lived triplet state of 2,4-dithiouracil reacts efficiently with the nucleic acid base adenine 5'-monophosphate through a direct, oxygen-independent photocycloaddition mechanism and at a rate that is at least 3-fold faster than that of 4-thiouracil under equal conditions. The new physico-chemical insights reported for these RNA-thiobase derivatives are compared to those of the DNA and RNA bases and the DNA-thiobase derivatives. Furthermore, the strong near-visible absorption and increased photoreactivity measured for 2,4-dithiouracil lays a solid foundation for developing RNA-targeted photocrosslinking and phototherapeutic agents that are more effective than those currently available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Pollum
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Chemical Dynamics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Narra S, Chung CC, Diau EWG, Shigeto S. Simultaneous Observation of an Intraband Transition and Distinct Transient Species in the Infrared Region for Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:2450-5. [PMID: 27302315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Solar cells based on organometal-halide perovskites such as CH3NH3PbI3 have emerged as a promising next-generation photovoltaic system, but the underlying photophysics and photochemistry remain to be established because of the limited availability of methods to implement the simultaneous and direct measurement of various charge carriers and ions that play a crucial role in the operating device. We used nanosecond time-resolved infrared (IR) spectroscopy to investigate, with high molecular specificity, distinct transient species that are formed in perovskite solar cells after photoexcitation. In CH3NH3PbI3 planar-heterojuction solar cells, we simultaneously observed infrared spectral signatures that are associated with an intraband transition of conduction-band electrons, Fano resonance, and the spiro-OMeTAD cation having an exceptionally short lifetime of 1.0 μs (at ∼1485 cm(-1)). The present results show that the time-resolved IR method offers a unique capability to elucidate these important transients in perovskite solar cells and their dynamic interplay in a comprehensive manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar Narra
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Chung
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Eric Wei-Guang Diau
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Shinsuke Shigeto
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University , Sanda 669-1337, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ji MS, Dong CH, Zhang HY, Yang XZ. Light-Induced Reaction of Benzene with Carbonates. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/29/cjcp1510204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
36
|
Dai XJ, Yu YQ, Liu KH, Su HM. Photochemical Reaction of Benzoin Caged Compound: Time-Resolved Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Study. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/29/cjcp1512260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
37
|
Ke XS, Zhao H, Zou X, Ning Y, Cheng X, Su H, Zhang JL. Fine-Tuning of β-Substitution to Modulate the Lowest Triplet Excited States: A Bioinspired Approach to Design Phosphorescent Metalloporphyrinoids. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10745-52. [PMID: 26247480 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b06332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Learning nature's approach to modulate photophysical properties of NIR porphyrinoids by fine-tuning β-substituents including the number and position, in a manner similar to naturally occurring chlorophylls, has the potential to circumvent the disadvantages of traditional "extended π-conjugation" strategy such as stability, molecular size, solubility, and undesirable π-π stacking. Here we show that such subtle structural changes in Pt(II) or Pd(II) cis/trans-porphodilactones (termed by cis/trans-Pt/Pd) influence photophysical properties of the lowest triplet excited states including phosphorescence, Stokes shifts, and even photosensitization ability in triplet-triplet annihilation reactions with rubrene. Prominently, the overall upconversion capability (η, η = ε·Φ(UC)) of Pd or Pt trans-complex is 10(4) times higher than that of cis-analogue. Nanosecond time-resolved infrared (TR-IR) spectroscopy experiments showed larger frequency shift of ν(C═O) bands (ca. 10 cm(-1)) of cis-complexes than those of trans-complexes in the triplet excited states. These spectral features, combining with TD-DFT calculations, suggest the strong electronic coupling between the lactone moieties and the main porphyrin chromophores and thus the importance of precisely positioning β-substituents by mimicking chlorophylls, as an alternative to "extended π-conjugation", in designing NIR active porphyrinoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Sheng Ke
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoran Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Ning
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Su
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P.R. China.,College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, P.R.China
| | - Jun-Long Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University , Nanjing, 210093, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|