1
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DiPasquale M, Deering TG, Desai D, Sharma AK, Amin S, Fox TE, Kester M, Katsaras J, Marquardt D, Heberle FA. Influence of ceramide on lipid domain stability studied with small-angle neutron scattering: The role of acyl chain length and unsaturation. Chem Phys Lipids 2022; 245:105205. [PMID: 35483419 PMCID: PMC9320172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2022.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ceramides and diacylglycerols are groups of lipids capable of nucleating and stabilizing ordered lipid domains, structures that have been implicated in a range of biological processes. Previous studies have used fluorescence reporter molecules to explore the influence of ceramide acyl chain structure on sphingolipid-rich ordered phases. Here, we use small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to examine the ability of ceramides and diacylglycerols to promote lipid domain formation in the well-characterized domain-forming mixture DPPC/DOPC/cholesterol. SANS is a powerful, probe-free technique for interrogating membrane heterogeneity, as it is differentially sensitive to hydrogen's stable isotopes protium and deuterium. Specifically, neutron contrast is generated through selective deuteration of lipid species, thus enabling the detection of nanoscopic domains enriched in deuterated saturated lipids dispersed in a matrix of protiated unsaturated lipids. Using large unilamellar vesicles, we found that upon replacing 10 mol% DPPC with either C16:0 or C18:0 ceramide, or 16:0 diacylglycerol (dag), lipid domains persisted to higher temperatures. However, when DPPC was replaced with short chain (C6:0 or C12:0) or very long chain (C24:0) ceramides, or ceramides with unsaturated acyl chains of any length (C6:1(3), C6:1(5), C18:1, and C24:1), as well as C18:1-dag, lipid domains were destabilized, melting at lower temperatures than those in the DPPC/DOPC/cholesterol system. These results show how ceramide acyl chain length and unsaturation influence lipid domains and have implications for how cell membranes might modify their function through the generation of different ceramide species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell DiPasquale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor N9B 3P4, ON, Canada
| | - Tye G Deering
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, VA, USA
| | - Dhimant Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University, University Park 16801, PA, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University, University Park 16801, PA, USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State University, University Park 16801, PA, USA
| | - Todd E Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, VA, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, VA, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville 22908, VA, USA
| | - John Katsaras
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge 37831, TN, USA; Joint Institute for Neutron Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge 37831, TN, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996, TN, USA.
| | - Drew Marquardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor N9B 3P4, ON, Canada; Department of Physics, University of Windsor, Windsor N9B 3P4, ON, Canada.
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2
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Fanani ML, Nocelli NE, Zulueta Díaz YDLM. What can we learn about amphiphile-membrane interaction from model lipid membranes? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2022; 1864:183781. [PMID: 34555419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Surface-active amphiphiles find applications in a wide range of areas of industry such as agrochemicals, personal care, and pharmaceuticals. In many of these applications, interaction with cell membranes is a key factor for achieving their purpose. How do amphiphiles interact with lipid membranes? What are their bases for membrane specificity? Which biophysical properties of membranes are susceptible to modulation by amphiphilic membrane-effectors? What aspects of this interaction are important for performing their function? In our work on membrane biophysics over the years, questions like these have arisen and we now share some of our findings and discuss them in this review. This topic was approached focusing on the membrane properties and their alterations rather than on the amphiphile structure requirements for their interaction. Here, we do not aim to provide a comprehensive list of the modes of action of amphiphiles of biological interest but to help in understanding them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Fanani
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Natalia E Nocelli
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yenisleidy de Las Mercedes Zulueta Díaz
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina
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3
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Yasuda H, Torikai K, Kinoshita M, Sazzad MAA, Tsujimura K, Slotte JP, Matsumori N. Preparation of Nitrogen Analogues of Ceramide and Studies of Their Aggregation in Sphingomyelin Bilayers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12438-12446. [PMID: 34636580 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides can regulate biological processes probably through the formation of laterally segregated and highly packed ceramide-rich domains in lipid bilayers. In the course of preparation of its analogues, we found that a hydrogen-bond-competent functional group in the C1 position is necessary to form ceramide-rich domains in lipid bilayers [Matsufuji; Langmuir 2018]. Hence, in the present study, we newly synthesized three ceramide analogues: CerN3, CerNH2, and CerNHAc, in which the 1-OH group of ceramide is substituted with a nitrogen functionality. CerNH2 and CerNHAc are capable of forming hydrogen bonds in their headgroups, whereas CerN3 is not. Fluorescent microscopy observation and differential scanning calorimetry analysis disclosed that these ceramide analogues formed ceramide-rich phases in sphingomyelin bilayers, although their thermal stability was slightly inferior to that of normal ceramides. Moreover, wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the chain packing structure of ceramide-rich phases of CerNHAc and CerN3 was similar to that of normal ceramide, while the CerNH2-rich phase showed a slightly looser chain packing due to the formation of CerNH3+. Although the domain formation of CerN3 was unexpected because of the lack of hydrogen-bond capability in the headgroup, it may become a promising tool for investigating the mechanistic link between the ceramide-rich phase and the ceramide-related biological functions owing to its Raman activity and applicability to click chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yasuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kohei Torikai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Faculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, 4 University Str., Tashkent 100174, Uzbekistan
| | - Masanao Kinoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Md Abdullah Al Sazzad
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Koya Tsujimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Nobuaki Matsumori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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4
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Bacteriocin enterocin CRL35 is a modular peptide that induces non-bilayer states in bacterial model membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2019.183135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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l-Ascorbic acid alkyl esters action on stratum corneum model membranes: An insight into the mechanism for enhanced skin permeation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 185:110621. [PMID: 31726308 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
L-ascorbic acid alkyl esters (ASCn) are lipophilic forms of vitamin C, which act as skin permeation enhancers. We investigated the physical changes induced by incorporating ASCn into stratum corneum (SC) lipid membranes and correlated this with the mechanism proposed in the literature for skin permeation enhancement phenomena. We used lipid monolayers to explore the 2D structure and elasticity of the lipid-enhancer systems. As a comparison, the classic permeation enhancer, oleic acid (OA) and the non-enhancer analogue stearic acid (SA) were analysed. The incorporation of ASCn or OA into SC membranes resulted in more liquid-like films, with a dose-dependent lowering of the compressibility modulus. Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) evidenced partial miscibility of the enhancer with SC lipid components, stabilising the liquid-expanded phase. At the nanoscale, AFM showed that SC lipids form heterogeneous membranes, which underwent structural alterations after incorporating ASCn and fatty acids, such as SA and OA. The lower, cholesterol-enriched phase appears to concentrate the enhancers, whilst the higher ceramide-enriched phase concentrated the non-enhancer SA. Our results and previously reported pieces of evidence indicate a strong pattern in which the rheological properties of SC lipid films are determinant for skin permeation phenomena.
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6
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Wilson KA, Wang L, MacDermott-Opeskin H, O'Mara ML. The Fats of Life: Using Computational Chemistry to Characterise the Eukaryotic Cell Membrane. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Our current knowledge of the structural dynamics and complexity of lipid bilayers is still developing. Computational techniques, especially molecular dynamics simulations, have increased our understanding significantly as they allow us to model functions that cannot currently be experimentally resolved. Here we review available computational tools and techniques, the role of the major lipid species, insights gained into lipid bilayer structure and function from molecular dynamics simulations, and recent progress towards the computational modelling of the physiological complexity of eukaryotic lipid bilayers.
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7
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Abstract
Ceramides are sphingolipids containing a sphingosine or a related base, to which a fatty acid is linked through an amide bond. When incorporated into a lipid bilayer, ceramides exhibit a number of properties not shared by almost any other membrane lipid: Ceramides ( a) are extremely hydrophobic and thus cannot exist in suspension in aqueous media; ( b) increase the molecular order (rigidity) of phospholipids in membranes; ( c) give rise to lateral phase separation and domain formation in phospholipid bilayers; ( d) possess a marked intrinsic negative curvature that facilitates formation of inverted hexagonal phases; ( e) make bilayers and cell membranes permeable to small and large (i.e., protein-size) solutes; and ( f) promote transmembrane (flip-flop) lipid motion. Unfortunately, there is hardly any link between the physical studies reviewed here and the mass of biological and clinical studies on the effects of ceramides in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Alonso
- Instituto Biofisika [University of the Basque Country and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)], 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain;,
| | - Félix M. Goñi
- Instituto Biofisika [University of the Basque Country and Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)], 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of the Basque Country, 48940 Leioa, Spain;,
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8
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Catapano ER, Natale P, Monroy F, López-Montero I. The enzymatic sphingomyelin to ceramide conversion increases the shear membrane viscosity at the air-water interface. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 247:555-560. [PMID: 28743366 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Whereas most of lipids have viscous properties and they do not have significant elastic features, ceramides behave as very rigid solid assemblies, displaying viscoelastic behaviour at physiological temperatures. The present review addresses the surface rheology of lipid binary mixtures made of sphingomyelin and ceramide. However, ceramide is formed by the enzymatic cleavage of sphingomyelin in cell plasma membranes. The consequences of the enzymatically-driven ceramide formation involve mechanical alterations of the embedding membrane. Here, an increase on surface shear viscosity was evidenced upon enzymatic incubation of sphingomyelin monolayers. The overall rheological data are discussed in terms of the current knowledge of the thermotropic behaviour of ceramide-containing model membranes.
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9
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The many faces (and phases) of ceramide and sphingomyelin II - binary mixtures. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:601-616. [PMID: 28823080 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A rather widespread idea on the functional importance of sphingolipids in cell membranes refers to the occurrence of ordered domains enriched in sphingomyelin and ceramide that are largely assumed to exist irrespective of the type of N-acyl chain in the sphingolipid. Ceramides and sphingomyelins are the simplest kind of two-chained sphingolipids and show a variety of species, depending on the fatty acyl chain length, hydroxylation, and unsaturation. Abundant evidences have shown that variations of the N-acyl chain length in ceramides and sphingomyelins markedly affect their phase state, interfacial elasticity, surface topography, electrostatics, and miscibility, and that even the usually conceived "condensed" sphingolipids and many of their mixtures may exhibit liquid-like expanded states. Their lateral miscibility properties are subtlety regulated by those chemical differences. Even between ceramides with different acyl chain length, their partial miscibility is responsible for a rich two-dimensional structural variety that impacts on the membrane properties at the mesoscale level. In this review, we will discuss the miscibility properties of ceramide, sphingomyelin, and glycosphingolipids that differ in their N-acyl or oligosaccharide chains. This work is a second part that accompanies a previous overview of the properties of membranes formed by pure ceramides or sphingomyelins, which is also included in this Special Issue.
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10
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Fanani ML, Maggio B. The many faces (and phases) of ceramide and sphingomyelin I - single lipids. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:589-600. [PMID: 28815463 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides, the simplest kind of two-chained sphingolipids, contain a single hydroxyl group in position 1 of the sphingoid base. Sphingomyelins further contain a phosphocholine group at the OH of position 1 of ceramide. Ceramides and sphingomyelins show a variety of species depending on the fatty acyl chain length, hydroxylation, and unsaturation. Because of the relatively high transition temperature of sphingomyelin compared to lecithin and, particularly, of ceramides with 16:0-18:0 saturated chains, a widespread idea on their functional importance refers to formation of rather solid domains enriched in sphingomyelin and ceramide. Frequently, and especially in the cell biology field, these are generally (and erroneously) assumed to occur irrespective on the type of N-acyl chain in these lipids. This is because most studies indicating such condensed ordered domains employed sphingolipids with acyl chains with 16 carbons while scarce attention has been focused on the influence of the N-acyl chain on their surface properties. However, abundant evidence has shown that variations of the N-acyl chain length in ceramides and sphingomyelins markedly affect their phase state, interfacial elasticity, surface topography, electrostatics and miscibility and that, even the usually conceived "condensed" sphingolipids and many of their mixtures, may exhibit liquid-like expanded states. This review is a summarized overview of our work and of related others on some facts regarding membranes composed of single molecular species of ceramide and sphingomyelin. A second part is dedicated to discuss the miscibility properties between species of sphingolipids that differ in N-acyl and oligosaccharide chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Fanani
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Bruno Maggio
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-CONICET), Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
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11
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Lee WK, Kolesnick RN. Sphingolipid abnormalities in cancer multidrug resistance: Chicken or egg? Cell Signal 2017; 38:134-145. [PMID: 28687494 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The cancer multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype encompasses a myriad of molecular, genetic and cellular alterations resulting from progressive oncogenic transformation and selection. Drug efflux transporters, in particular the MDR P-glycoprotein ABCB1, play an important role in MDR but cannot confer the complete phenotype alone indicating parallel alterations are prerequisite. Sphingolipids are essential constituents of lipid raft domains and directly participate in functionalization of transmembrane proteins, including providing an optimal lipid microenvironment for multidrug transporters, and are also perturbed in cancer. Here we postulate that increased sphingomyelin content, developing early in some cancers, recruits and functionalizes plasma membrane ABCB1 conferring a state of partial MDR, which is completed by glycosphingolipid disturbance and the appearance of intracellular vesicular ABCB1. In this review, the independent and interdependent roles of sphingolipid alterations and ABCB1 upregulation during the transformation process and resultant conferment of partial and complete MDR phenotypes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Kee Lee
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States; Institute for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Toxicology, Centre for Biomedical Education and Research (ZBAF), Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
| | - Richard N Kolesnick
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
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12
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Dupuy F, Fernández Bordín S, Maggio B, Oliveira R. Hexagonal phase with ordered acyl chains formed by a short chain asymmetric ceramide. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 149:89-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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13
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Maula T, Al Sazzad MA, Slotte JP. Influence of Hydroxylation, Chain Length, and Chain Unsaturation on Bilayer Properties of Ceramides. Biophys J 2016; 109:1639-51. [PMID: 26488655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian ceramides constitute a family of at least a few hundred closely related molecules distinguished by small structural differences, giving rise to individual molecular species that are expressed in distinct cellular compartments, or tissue types, in which they are believed to execute distinct functions. We have examined how specific structural details influence the bilayer properties of a selection of biologically relevant ceramides in mixed bilayers together with sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol. The ceramide structure varied with regard to interfacial hydroxylation, the identity of the headgroup, the length of the N-acyl chain, and the position of cis-double bonds in the acyl chains. The interactions of the ceramides with sphingomyelin, their lateral segregation into ceramide-rich domains in phosphatidylcholine bilayers, and the effect of cholesterol on such domains were studied with DSC and various fluorescence-based approaches. The largest differences arose from the presence and relative position of cis-double bonds, causing destabilization of the ceramide's interactions and lateral packing relative to common saturated and hydroxylated species. Less variation was observed as a consequence of interfacial hydroxylation and the N-acyl chain length, although an additional hydroxyl in the sphingoid long-chain base slightly destabilized the ceramide's interactions and packing relative to a nonhydroxyceramide, whereas an additional hydroxyl in the N-acyl chain had the opposite effect. In conclusion, small structural details conferred variance in the bilayer behavior of ceramides, some causing more dramatic changes in the bilayer properties, whereas others imposed only fine adjustments in the interactions of ceramides with other membrane lipids, reflecting possible functional implications in distinct cell or tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terhi Maula
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
| | - Md Abdullah Al Sazzad
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - J Peter Slotte
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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14
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Ahyayauch H, Sot J, Collado MI, Huarte N, Requejo-Isidro J, Alonso A, Goñi FM. End-product diacylglycerol enhances the activity of PI-PLC through changes in membrane domain structure. Biophys J 2016; 108:1672-1682. [PMID: 25863059 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol (DAG)-induced activation of phosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C (PI-PLC) was studied with vesicles containing PI, either pure or in mixtures with dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, distearoyl phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, or galactosylceramide, used as substrates. At 22°C, DAG at 33 mol % increased PI-PLC activity in all of the mixtures, but not in pure PI bilayers. DAG also caused an overall decrease in diphenylhexatriene fluorescence polarization (decreased molecular order) in all samples, and increased overall enzyme binding. Confocal fluorescence microscopy of giant unilamellar vesicles of all of the compositions under study, with or without DAG, and quantitative evaluation of the phase behavior using Laurdan generalized polarization, and of enzyme binding to the various domains, indicated that DAG activates PI-PLC whenever it can generate fluid domains to which the enzyme can bind with high affinity. In the specific case of PI/dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine bilayers at 22°C, DAG induced/increased enzyme binding and activation, but no microscopic domain separation was observed. The presence of DAG-generated nanodomains, or of DAG-induced lipid packing defects, is proposed instead for this system. In PI/galactosylceramide mixtures, DAG may exert its activation role through the generation of small vesicles, which PI-PLC is known to degrade at higher rates. In general, our results indicate that global measurements obtained using fluorescent probes in vesicle suspensions in a cuvette are not sufficient to elucidate DAG effects that take place at the domain level. The above data reinforce the idea that DAG functions as an important physical agent in regulating membrane and cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Ahyayauch
- Unidad de Biofísica (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain; Institut Supérieur des Professions Infirmières et des Techniques de Santé, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jesús Sot
- Unidad de Biofísica (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - M Isabel Collado
- SGiker, Servicios Generales de Investigación UPV/EHU, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Nerea Huarte
- Unidad de Biofísica (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - José Requejo-Isidro
- Unidad de Biofísica (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alicia Alonso
- Unidad de Biofísica (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Félix M Goñi
- Unidad de Biofísica (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain.
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15
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Gillams RJ, Busto JV, Busch S, Goñi FM, Lorenz CD, McLain SE. Solvation and Hydration of the Ceramide Headgroup in a Non-Polar Solution. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:128-39. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5107789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jon V. Busto
- Unidad
de Biofísica (CSIC, UPV-EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sebastian Busch
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Félix M. Goñi
- Unidad
de Biofísica (CSIC, UPV-EHU) and Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad del País Vasco, P.O. Box 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Sylvia E. McLain
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
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