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Sui X, Xu B, Kostko O, Yu XY. Investigation of pyruvic acid photolysis at the air-liquid interface as a source of aqueous secondary organic aerosols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172729. [PMID: 38670353 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Pyruvic acid (PA) is a ubiquitous 2-oxocarboxylic acid in the atmosphere. Its photochemical process at the air-liquid (a-l) interface has been suggested as an important source of aqueous secondary organic aerosols. We investigated the photochemical reaction pathways of PA at the a-l interface using synchrotron-based vacuum ultraviolet single-photon ionization mass spectrometry (VUV SPI-MS) coupled with the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI) microreactor. Results from mass spectral analysis and the determination of appearance energies (AEs) indicate that photolysis of PA can generate radicals, then they recombine with carboxylic acids and simple molecular oligomers. Furthermore, the preliminary products could form larger oligomers via radical reaction or esterification in the presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups. Mass spectral comparison shows that most photochemical reactions would complete within 4 h. The expanded photochemistry-driven reaction flowchart of PA is proposed based on the newly discovered products. Our results reveal that the interfacial PA photochemical reactions have different mechanisms from the bulk liquid due to the interfacial properties, such as molecular density, composition, and ion concentration. Our findings show that in situ mass spectral analysis with bright photon ionization is useful to elucidate the contribution of a-l interfacial reactions leading to aqSOA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sui
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Oleg Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States
| | - Xiao-Ying Yu
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830-6136, United States.
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2
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Pollet R, Chin W. In silico Investigation of the Thermochemistry and Photoactivity of Pyruvic Acid in an Aqueous Solution of NaCl. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302225. [PMID: 37539648 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The photochemistry of oxocarboxylic acids contributes significantly to the complex chemistry occurring in the atmosphere. In this regard, pyruvic acid undergoes photoreactions that lead to many diverse products. The presence of sodium cation near pyruvic acid in an aqueous solution, or its conjugate base in non-acidic conditions, influences the hydration equilibrium and the photosensitivity to UV-visible light of the oxocarboxylic acid. We performed an ab initio metadynamics simulation which serves two purposes: first, it unveils the mechanisms of the reversible hydration reaction between the keto and the diol forms, with a free-energy difference of only 2 kJ/mol at 300 K, which shows the influence of sodium on the keto/diol ratio; second, it provides solvent-shared ion pairing (SSIP) and contact ion pairing (CIP) structures, including Na+ coordinated to carbonyl, for the calculations of the electronic transition energies to an antibonding π* orbital, which sheds light on the photoactivity of these two forms in the actinic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolphe Pollet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Wutharath Chin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, 91405, Orsay, France
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3
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Lewis JS, Gaunt AP, Comment A. Photochemistry of pyruvic acid is governed by photo-induced intermolecular electron transfer through hydrogen bonds. Chem Sci 2022; 13:11849-11855. [PMID: 36320913 PMCID: PMC9580485 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite more than 85 years of research, the mechanism behind the photodecarboxylation of pyruvic acid remains elusive. Most studies focused on the gas and liquid phase of diluted solutions of pyruvic acid to understand the impact of sun light on the degradation of this molecule in the atmosphere. By analyzing concentrated supercooled solutions at 77 K, we demonstrate that instead of decarboxylating, the pyruvic acid molecule plays the role of electron donor and transfers an electron to an acceptor molecule that subsequently degrades to form CO2. We show that this electron transfer occurs via hydrogen bonding and that in aqueous solutions of pyruvic acid, the hydrated form is the electron acceptor. These findings demonstrate that photo-induced electron transfer via hydrogen bonding can occur between two simple carboxylic acids and that this mechanism governs the photochemistry of pyruvic acid, providing unexplored alternative pathways for the decarboxylation of photo-inactive molecules. When supercooled pyruvic acid is photo-irradiated, a radical detectable by ESR forms following the transfer of an electron from a molecule in its keto form to a molecule in its hydrated form. The latter subsequently degrades to CO2 and acetic acid.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. Lewis
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Adam P. Gaunt
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Arnaud Comment
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of CambridgeRobinson WayCambridgeCB2 0REUK,General Electric HealthcarePollards Wood, Nightingales Lane, Chalfont St GilesHP8 4SPUK
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4
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Lesnicki D, Wank V, Cyran JD, Backus EHG, Sulpizi M. Lower degree of dissociation of pyruvic acid at water surfaces than in bulk. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13510-13513. [PMID: 35640627 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01293f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the acid/base behavior of environmentally relevant organic acids is of key relevance for accurate climate modelling. Here we investigate the effect of pH on the (de)protonation state of pyruvic acid at the air-water interface and in bulk by using the analytical techniques surface-specific vibrational sum frequency generation and attenuated total reflection spectroscopy. To provide a molecular interpretation of the observed behavior, simulations are carried out using a free energy perturbation approach in combination with electronic structure-based molecular dynamics. In both the experimental and theoretical results we observe that the protonated form of pyruvic acid is preferred at the air-water interface. The increased proton affinity is the result of the specific microsolvation at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Lesnicki
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Veronika Wank
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria. .,University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jenée D Cyran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, 76706 Waco, Texas, USA
| | - Ellen H G Backus
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria. .,University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marialore Sulpizi
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany. .,Department of Physics, Ruhr Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
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5
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Photochemistry of the pyruvate anion produces CO 2, CO, CH 3-, CH 3, and a low energy electron. Nat Commun 2022; 13:937. [PMID: 35177613 PMCID: PMC8854594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The photochemistry of pyruvic acid has attracted much scientific interest because it is believed to play critical roles in atmospheric chemistry. However, under most atmospherically relevant conditions, pyruvic acid deprotonates to form its conjugate base, the photochemistry of which is essentially unknown. Here, we present a detailed study of the photochemistry of the isolated pyruvate anion and uncover that it is extremely rich. Using photoelectron imaging and computational chemistry, we show that photoexcitation by UVA light leads to the formation of CO2, CO, and CH3−. The observation of the unusual methide anion formation and its subsequent decomposition into methyl radical and a free electron may hold important consequences for atmospheric chemistry. From a mechanistic perspective, the initial decarboxylation of pyruvate necessarily differs from that in pyruvic acid, due to the missing proton in the anion. Pyruvic acid and its conjugate base, the pyruvate anion, are largely present in the atmosphere. Here the authors, using photoelectron imaging and quantum chemistry calculations, investigate the photochemistry of isolated pyruvate anions initiated by UVA radiation and report the formation of CO2, CO, and CH3− further decomposing into CH3 and a free electron.
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6
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Barquilla MDP, Mayes ML. Role of hydrogen bonding in bulk aqueous phase decomposition, complexation, and covalent hydration of pyruvic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25151-25170. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03579k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The behavior of hydrogen bonding changes between the gas and aqueous phase, altering the mechanisms of various pyruvic acid processes and consequently affecting the aerosol formation in different environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dave P. Barquilla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
| | - Maricris L. Mayes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA
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7
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Zhao JJ, Zhang YF, Zhao TL, Li H, Yao QZ, Fu SQ, Zhou GT. Abiotic Formation of Calcium Oxalate under UV Irradiation and Implications for Biomarker Detection on Mars. ASTROBIOLOGY 2022; 22:35-48. [PMID: 35020413 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2020.2416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A major objective in the exploration of Mars is to test the hypothesis that the planet has ever hosted life. Biogenic compounds, especially biominerals, are believed to serve as biomarkers in Raman-assisted remote sensing missions. However, the prerequisite for the development of these minerals as biomarkers is the uniqueness of their biogenesis. Herein, tetragonal bipyramidal weddellite, a type of calcium oxalate, is successfully achieved by UV-photolyzing pyruvic acid (PA). The as-prepared products are identified and characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Persistent mineralization of weddellite is observed with altering key experimental parameters, including pH, Ca2+ and PA concentrations. In particular, the initial concentration of PA can significantly influence the morphology of weddellite crystal. Oxalate acid is commonly of biological origin; thus calcium oxalate is considered to be a biomarker. However, our results reveal that calcium oxalate can be harvested by a UV photolysis pathway. Moreover, prebiotic sources of organics (e.g., PA, glycine, alanine, and aspartic acid) have been proven to be available through abiotic pathways. Therefore, our results may provide a new abiotic pathway of calcium oxalate formation. Considering that calcium oxalate minerals have been taken as biosignatures for the origin and early evolution of life on Earth and astrobiological investigations, its formation and accumulation by the photolysis of abiological organic compounds should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jian Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lei Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Han Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Zhi Yao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Sheng-Quan Fu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
| | - Gen-Tao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P.R. China
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8
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Tilgner A, Schaefer T, Alexander B, Barth M, Collett JL, Fahey KM, Nenes A, Pye HOT, Herrmann H, McNeill VF. Acidity and the multiphase chemistry of atmospheric aqueous particles and clouds. ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2021; 21:10.5194/acp-21-13483-2021. [PMID: 34675968 PMCID: PMC8525431 DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-13483-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The acidity of aqueous atmospheric solutions is a key parameter driving both the partitioning of semi-volatile acidic and basic trace gases and their aqueous-phase chemistry. In addition, the acidity of atmospheric aqueous phases, e.g., deliquesced aerosol particles, cloud, and fog droplets, is also dictated by aqueous-phase chemistry. These feedbacks between acidity and chemistry have crucial implications for the tropospheric lifetime of air pollutants, atmospheric composition, deposition to terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems, visibility, climate, and human health. Atmospheric research has made substantial progress in understanding feedbacks between acidity and multiphase chemistry during recent decades. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge on these feedbacks with a focus on aerosol and cloud systems, which involve both inorganic and organic aqueous-phase chemistry. Here, we describe the impacts of acidity on the phase partitioning of acidic and basic gases and buffering phenomena. Next, we review feedbacks of different acidity regimes on key chemical reaction mechanisms and kinetics, as well as uncertainties and chemical subsystems with incomplete information. Finally, we discuss atmospheric implications and highlight the need for future investigations, particularly with respect to reducing emissions of key acid precursors in a changing world, and the need for advancements in field and laboratory measurements and model tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Becky Alexander
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Mary Barth
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observation & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA
| | - Jeffrey L. Collett
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Fahey
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711, USA
| | - Athanasios Nenes
- School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Institute for Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Havala O. T. Pye
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711, USA
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - V. Faye McNeill
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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9
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Aqueous Photochemistry of 2-Oxocarboxylic Acids: Evidence, Mechanisms, and Atmospheric Impact. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175278. [PMID: 34500711 PMCID: PMC8433822 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric organic aerosols play a major role in climate, demanding a better understanding of their formation mechanisms by contributing multiphase chemical reactions with the participation of water. The sunlight driven aqueous photochemistry of small 2-oxocarboxylic acids is a potential major source of organic aerosol, which prompted the investigations into the mechanisms of glyoxylic acid and pyruvic acid photochemistry reviewed here. While 2-oxocarboxylic acids can be contained or directly created in the particles, the majorities of these abundant and available molecules are in the gas phase and must first undergo the surface uptake process to react in, and on the surface, of aqueous particles. Thus, the work also reviews the acid-base reaction that occurs when gaseous pyruvic acid meets the interface of aqueous microdroplets, which is contrasted with the same process for acetic acid. This work classifies relevant information needed to understand the photochemistry of aqueous pyruvic acid and glyoxylic acid and motivates future studies based on reports that use novel strategies and methodologies to advance this field.
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10
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Deal AM, Rapf RJ, Vaida V. Water-Air Interfaces as Environments to Address the Water Paradox in Prebiotic Chemistry: A Physical Chemistry Perspective. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4929-4942. [PMID: 33979519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric water-air interface provides a dynamic aqueous environment with properties that are often very different than bulk aqueous or gaseous phases and promotes reactions that are thermodynamically, kinetically, or otherwise unfavorable in bulk water. Prebiotic chemistry faces a key challenge: water is necessary for life yet reduces the efficiency of many biomolecular synthesis reactions. This perspective considers water-air interfaces as auspicious reaction environments for abiotic synthesis. We discuss recent evidence that (1) water-air interfaces promote condensation reactions including peptide synthesis, phosphorylation, and oligomerization; (2) photochemistry at water-air interfaces may have been a significant source of prebiotic molecular complexity, given the lack of oxygen and increased availability of near-ultraviolet radiation on early Earth; and (3) water-air interfaces can promote spontaneous reduction and oxidation reactions, potentially providing protometabolic pathways. Life likely began within a relatively short time frame, and water-air interfaces offer promising environments for simultaneous and efficient biomolecule production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Deal
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Rebecca J Rapf
- Department of Chemistry, Trinity University, 1 Trinity Place, San Antonio, Texas 78212, United States
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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11
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Martín-Yerga D, White J, Henriksson G, Cornell A. Structure-Reactivity Effects of Biomass-based Hydroxyacids for Sustainable Electrochemical Hydrogen Production. CHEMSUSCHEM 2021; 14:1902-1912. [PMID: 33595186 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biomass electro-oxidation is a promising approach for the sustainable generation of H2 by electrolysis with simultaneous synthesis of value-added chemicals. In this work, the electro-oxidation of two structurally different organic hydroxyacids, lactic acid and gluconic acid, was studied comparatively to understand how the chemical structure of the hydroxyacid affects the electrochemical reactivity under various conditions. It was concluded that hydroxyacids such as gluconic acid, with a considerable density of C-OH groups, are highly reactive and promising for the sustainable generation of H2 by electrolysis at low potentials and high conversion rates (less than -0.15 V vs. Hg/HgO at 400 mA cm-2 ) but with low selectivity to specific final products. In contrast, the lower reactivity of lactic acid did not enable H2 generation at very high conversion rates (<100 mA cm-2 ), but the reaction was significantly more selective (64 % to pyruvic acid). This work shows the potential of biomass-based organic hydroxyacids for sustainable generation of H2 and highlights the importance of the chemical structure on the reactivity and selectivity of the electro-oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Martín-Yerga
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV47AL, United Kingdom
| | - Jai White
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Henriksson
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Cornell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Church JR, Vaida V, Skodje RT. Kinetic Study of Gas-Phase Reactions of Pyruvic Acid with HO 2. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2232-2242. [PMID: 33705144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gas-phase reactions between pyruvic acid (PA) and HO2 radicals were examined using ab initio quantum chemistry and transition state theory. The rate coefficients were determined over a temperature range of 200-400 K including tunneling contributions. Six potential reaction pathways were identified. The two hydrogen abstraction reactions yielding the H2O2 product were found to have high barriers. The HO2 radical was also found to have a catalytic effect on the intramolecular hydrogen transfer reactions occurring by three distinct routes. These hydrogen-shift reactions are very interesting mechanistically although they are highly endothermic. The only reaction that contributes significantly to the consumption of PA is a multistep pathway involving a peroxy-radical intermediate, PA + HO2 → CH3COOH + OH + CO2. This exothermic process has potential atmospheric relevance because it produces an OH radical as a product. Atmospheric models currently have difficulty predicting accurate OH concentrations for certain atmospheric conditions, such as environments free of NOx and the nocturnal boundary layer. Reactions of this sort, although not necessary with PA, may account for a portion of this deficit. The present study helps settle the issue of the relative roles of reaction and photolysis in consumption of PA in the troposphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R Church
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Rex T Skodje
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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13
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Kappes KJ, Deal AM, Jespersen MF, Blair SL, Doussin JF, Cazaunau M, Pangui E, Hopper BN, Johnson MS, Vaida V. Chemistry and Photochemistry of Pyruvic Acid at the Air–Water Interface. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1036-1049. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keaten J. Kappes
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Alexandra M. Deal
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Malte F. Jespersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sandra L. Blair
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Doussin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) et Université de Paris (UP), 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) et Université de Paris (UP), 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Edouard Pangui
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) et Université de Paris (UP), 94010 Creteil, France
| | - Brianna N. Hopper
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Matthew S. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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14
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Gordon BP, Lindquist GA, Crawford ML, Wren SN, Moore FG, Scatena LF, Richmond GL. Diol it up: The influence of NaCl on methylglyoxal surface adsorption and hydration state at the air–water interface. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:164705. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0017803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1214 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Grace A. Lindquist
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Michael L. Crawford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Sumi N. Wren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
- Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), Air Quality Research Division, 4905 Dufferin Street, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Frederick G. Moore
- Department of Physics, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362, USA
| | - Lawrence F. Scatena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Geraldine L. Richmond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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15
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Luo M, Shemesh D, Sullivan MN, Alves MR, Song M, Gerber RB, Grassian VH. Impact of pH and NaCl and CaCl2 Salts on the Speciation and Photochemistry of Pyruvic Acid in the Aqueous Phase. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5071-5080. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Dorit Shemesh
- Institute of Chemistry and Fritz Haber Research Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Michael N. Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael R. Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Meishi Song
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- Institute of Chemistry and Fritz Haber Research Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, United States
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16
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Blair SL, Reed Harris AE, Frandsen BN, Kjaergaard HG, Pangui E, Cazaunau M, Doussin JF, Vaida V. Conformer-Specific Photolysis of Pyruvic Acid and the Effect of Water. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1240-1252. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b10613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra L. Blair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Allison E. Reed Harris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Benjamin N. Frandsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Henrik G. Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Edouard Pangui
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) et Université de Paris (UP), 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) et Université de Paris (UP), 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Francois Doussin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR CNRS 7583, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC) et Université de Paris (UP), 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, UCB 216, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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17
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Photochemistry of the Cloud Aqueous Phase: A Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020423. [PMID: 31968643 PMCID: PMC7024559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review paper describes briefly the cloud aqueous phase composition and deeply its reactivity in the dark and mainly under solar radiation. The role of the main oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, nitrate radical, and hydroxyl radical) is presented with a focus on the hydroxyl radical, which drives the oxidation capacity during the day. Its sources in the aqueous phase, mainly through photochemical mechanisms with H2O2, iron complexes, or nitrate/nitrite ions, are presented in detail. The formation rate of hydroxyl radical and its steady state concentration evaluated by different authors are listed and compared. Finally, a paragraph is also dedicated to the sinks and the reactivity of the HO• radical with the main compounds found in the cloud aqueous phase. This review presents an assessment of the reactivity in the cloud aqueous phase and shows the significant potential impact that this medium can have on the chemistry of the atmosphere and more generally on the climate.
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18
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Church JR, Vaida V, Skodje RT. Gas-Phase Reaction Kinetics of Pyruvic Acid with OH Radicals: The Role of Tunneling, Complex Formation, and Conformational Structure. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:790-800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b09638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Church
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Rex T. Skodje
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
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19
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Shemesh D, Luo M, Grassian VH, Gerber RB. Absorption spectra of pyruvic acid in water: insights from calculations for small hydrates and comparison to experiment. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12658-12670. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01810d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study shows that small hydrate models including the roles of both neutral and deprotonated speciated forms provide a good quantitative description and a microscopic interpretation of the experimental spectrum of pyruvic acid in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Shemesh
- Institute of Chemistry
- Fritz Haber Research Center
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 91904
- Israel
| | - Man Luo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- San Diego
- USA
| | | | - R. Benny Gerber
- Institute of Chemistry
- Fritz Haber Research Center
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- Jerusalem 91904
- Israel
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20
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Eugene AJ, Guzman MI. Production of Singlet Oxygen ( 1O 2) during the Photochemistry of Aqueous Pyruvic Acid: The Effects of pH and Photon Flux under Steady-State O 2(aq) Concentration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:12425-12432. [PMID: 31550134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b03742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The photochemistry of pyruvic acid (PA) in aqueous atmospheric particles contributes to the production of secondary organic aerosols. This work investigates the fate of ketyl and acetyl radicals produced during the photolysis (λ ≥ 305 nm) of 5-100 mM PA under steady state [O2(aq)] = 260 μM (1.0 ≤ pH ≤ 4.5) for photon fluxes between 1 and 10 suns. The radicals diffuse quickly into the water/air interface of microbubbles and react with dissolved O2 to produce singlet oxygen (1O2*). Furfuryl alcohol is used to trap and bracket the steady-state production of 2 × 10-12 ≤ [1O2*] ≤ 1 × 10-11 M. Ion chromatography mass spectrometry shows that 2,3-dimethyltartaric acid (DMTA), 2-(3-oxobutan-2-yloxy)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid (oxo-C7 product), and 2-(1-carboxy-1-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoic acid (oxo-C8 product) are formed under all conditions investigated. The sigmoidal dependence of initial reaction rates with pH resembles the dissociation curve of PA. For increasing photon fluxes, the branching ratio of products shifts away from the radical recombination that favors DMTA toward multistep radical chemistry forming more complex oxocarboxylic acids (oxo-C7 + oxo-C8). The large steady-state production of 1O2 indicates that PA in aerosols can be a significant source of atmospheric oxidants on par with natural organic matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Eugene
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506 , United States
| | - Marcelo I Guzman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506 , United States
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21
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Gordon BP, Moore FG, Scatena LF, Richmond GL. On the Rise: Experimental and Computational Vibrational Sum Frequency Spectroscopy Studies of Pyruvic Acid and Its Surface-Active Oligomer Species at the Air–Water Interface. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:10609-10619. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b08854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Frederick G. Moore
- Department of Physics, Whitman College, Walla Walla, Washington 99362, United States
| | - Lawrence F. Scatena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
| | - Geraldine L. Richmond
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, 1253 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, United States
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22
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Harrison AW, Shaw MF, De Bruyn WJ. Theoretical Investigation of the Atmospheric Photochemistry of Glyoxylic Acid in the Gas Phase. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:8109-8121. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W. Harrison
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 98266, United States
| | - Miranda F. Shaw
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Warren J. De Bruyn
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 98266, United States
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23
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Alves MR, Fang Y, Wall KJ, Vaida V, Grassian VH. Chemistry and Photochemistry of Pyruvic Acid Adsorbed on Oxide Surfaces. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7661-7671. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Alves
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Kristin J. Wall
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Department of Nanoengineering and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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24
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Fang Y, Lesnicki D, Wall KJ, Gaigeot MP, Sulpizi M, Vaida V, Grassian VH. Heterogeneous Interactions between Gas-Phase Pyruvic Acid and Hydroxylated Silica Surfaces: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:983-991. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Dominika Lesnicki
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | - Kristin J. Wall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Marie-Pierre Gaigeot
- LAMBE CNRS UMR8587, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l’Environnement, Université d’Evry val d’Essonne, Blvd F. Mitterrand, Bat Maupertuis, Evry 91025, France
| | - Marialore Sulpizi
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, Mainz 55099, Germany
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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25
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Grygoryeva K, Ončák M, Pysanenko A, Fárník M. Pyruvic acid proton and hydrogen transfer reactions in clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:8221-8227. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07008c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate ion chemistry in pyruvic acid (PA) clusters in a molecular beam experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kateryna Grygoryeva
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
- University of Chemistry and Technology
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik
- Universität Innsbruck
- A-6020 Innsbruck
- Austria
| | - Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i
- Czech Academy of Sciences
- 182 23 Prague
- Czech Republic
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26
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Otto T, Schaefer T, Herrmann H. Aqueous-Phase Oxidation of Terpene-Derived Acids by Atmospherically Relevant Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9233-9241. [PMID: 30359526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b08922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Terpene-derived acids formed through the atmospheric gas-phase oxidation of terpenes are able to efficiently undergo a phase transfer into the aqueous phase. The subsequent aqueous-phase oxidation of such compounds has not been intensely studied. Accordingly, the aqueous-phase second-order rate constants of the oxidation reactions of cis-pinonic acid (CPA) and (+)-camphoric acid (+CA) with hydroxyl radicals (•OH), nitrate radicals (NO3•), and sulfate radicals (SO4•-) were investigated as a function of temperature and pH in the present study. For CPA and +CA the following •OH reaction rate constants at T = 298 K are determined: ksecond(CPA, pH<2) = (2.8 ± 0.1) × 109 L mol-1 s-1, ksecond(CPA, pH>8) = (2.7 ± 0.3) × 109 L mol-1 s-1, ksecond(+CA, pH<2) = (2.1 ± 0.1) × 109 L mol-1 s-1, ksecond(+CA, pH=5.3) = (2.7 ± 0.3) × 109 L mol-1 s-1, ksecond(+CA, pH>8) = (2.7 ± 0.1) × 109 L mol-1 s-1. In order to assess the atmospheric impact of the aqueous-phase oxidation of such compounds, atmospheric aqueous-phase lifetimes were calculated for two model scenarios based on CAPRAM 3.0i. The aqueous-phase oxidation under remote conditions emerges to be the most favored pathway with lifetimes of 5 ± 1 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Otto
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD) , Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD) , Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD) , Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS) , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
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27
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Komorek R, Xu B, Yao J, Ablikim U, Troy TP, Kostko O, Ahmed M, Yu XY. Enabling liquid vapor analysis using synchrotron VUV single photon ionization mass spectrometry with a microfluidic interface. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:115105. [PMID: 30501361 DOI: 10.1063/1.5048315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) single photon ionization mass spectrometry (SPI-MS) is a vacuum-based technique typically used for the analysis of gas phase and solid samples, but not for liquids due to the challenge in introducing volatile liquids in a vacuum. Here we present the first demonstration of in situ liquid analysis by integrating the System for Analysis at the Liquid Vacuum Interface (SALVI) microfluidic reactor into VUV SPI-MS. Four representative volatile organic compound (VOC) solutions were used to illustrate the feasibility of liquid analysis. Our results show the accurate mass identification of the VOC molecules and the reliable determination of appearance energy that is consistent with ionization energy for gaseous species in the literature as reported. This work validates that the vacuum-compatible SALVI microfluidic interface can be utilized at the synchrotron beamline and enable the in situ study of gas-phase molecules evaporating off the surface of a liquid, which holds importance in the study of condensed matter chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Komorek
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, PNNL, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - B Xu
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J Yao
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, PNNL, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - U Ablikim
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - T P Troy
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - O Kostko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Ahmed
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - X Y Yu
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, PNNL, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
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28
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Rapf R, Perkins RJ, Dooley MR, Kroll JA, Carpenter BK, Vaida V. Environmental Processing of Lipids Driven by Aqueous Photochemistry of α-Keto Acids. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:624-630. [PMID: 29806009 PMCID: PMC5968514 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight can initiate photochemical reactions of organic molecules though direct photolysis, photosensitization, and indirect processes, often leading to complex radical chemistry that can increase molecular complexity in the environment. α-Keto acids act as photoinitiators for organic species that are not themselves photoactive. Here, we demonstrate this capability through the reaction of two α-keto acids, pyruvic acid and 2-oxooctanoic acid, with a series of fatty acids and fatty alcohols. We show for five different cases that a cross-product between the photoinitiated α-keto acid and non-photoactive species is formed during photolysis in aqueous solution. Fatty acids and alcohols are relatively unreactive species, which suggests that α-keto acids are able to act as radical initiators for many atmospherically relevant molecules found in the sea surface microlayer and on atmospheric aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca
J. Rapf
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Russell J. Perkins
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael R. Dooley
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jay A. Kroll
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Barry K. Carpenter
- School
of Chemistry and the Physical Organic Chemistry Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United
Kingdom
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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29
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De Haan DO, Tapavicza E, Riva M, Cui T, Surratt JD, Smith AC, Jordan MC, Nilakantan S, Almodovar M, Stewart TN, de Loera A, De Haan AC, Cazaunau M, Gratien A, Pangui E, Doussin JF. Nitrogen-Containing, Light-Absorbing Oligomers Produced in Aerosol Particles Exposed to Methylglyoxal, Photolysis, and Cloud Cycling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:4061-4071. [PMID: 29510022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous methylglyoxal chemistry has often been implicated as an important source of oligomers in atmospheric aerosol. Here we report on chemical analysis of brown carbon aerosol particles collected from cloud cycling/photolysis chamber experiments, where gaseous methylglyoxal and methylamine interacted with glycine, ammonium, or methylammonium sulfate seed particles. Eighteen N-containing oligomers were identified in the particulate phase by liquid chromatography/diode array detection/electrospray ionization high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Chemical formulas were determined and, for 6 major oligomer products, MS2 fragmentation spectra were used to propose tentative structures and mechanisms. Electronic absorption spectra were calculated for six tentative product structures by an ab initio second order algebraic-diagrammatic-construction/density functional theory approach. For five structures, matching calculated and measured absorption spectra suggest that they are dominant light-absorbing species at their chromatographic retention times. Detected oligomers incorporated methylglyoxal and amines, as expected, but also pyruvic acid, hydroxyacetone, and significant quantities of acetaldehyde. The finding that ∼80% (by mass) of detected oligomers contained acetaldehyde, a methylglyoxal photolysis product, suggests that daytime methylglyoxal oligomer formation is dominated by radical addition mechanisms involving CH3CO*. These mechanisms are evidently responsible for enhanced browning observed during photolytic cloud events.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O De Haan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of San Diego , 5998 Alcala Park , San Diego California 92110 , United States
| | - Enrico Tapavicza
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , California State University Long Beach , 1250 Bellflower Boulevard , Long Beach , California 90840 , United States
| | - Matthieu Riva
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Tianqu Cui
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Jason D Surratt
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health , The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Adam C Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , California State University Long Beach , 1250 Bellflower Boulevard , Long Beach , California 90840 , United States
| | - Mary-Caitlin Jordan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , California State University Long Beach , 1250 Bellflower Boulevard , Long Beach , California 90840 , United States
| | - Shiva Nilakantan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , California State University Long Beach , 1250 Bellflower Boulevard , Long Beach , California 90840 , United States
| | - Marisol Almodovar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , California State University Long Beach , 1250 Bellflower Boulevard , Long Beach , California 90840 , United States
| | - Tiffany N Stewart
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of San Diego , 5998 Alcala Park , San Diego California 92110 , United States
| | - Alexia de Loera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of San Diego , 5998 Alcala Park , San Diego California 92110 , United States
| | - Audrey C De Haan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of San Diego , 5998 Alcala Park , San Diego California 92110 , United States
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR7583, CNRS , Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC) et Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) , 94010 Créteil , France
| | - Aline Gratien
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR7583, CNRS , Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC) et Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) , 94010 Créteil , France
| | - Edouard Pangui
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR7583, CNRS , Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC) et Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) , 94010 Créteil , France
| | - Jean-François Doussin
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR7583, CNRS , Université Paris-Est-Créteil (UPEC) et Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) , 94010 Créteil , France
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30
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Bersenkowitsch NK, Ončák M, van der Linde C, Herburger A, Beyer MK. Photochemistry of glyoxylate embedded in sodium chloride clusters, a laboratory model for tropospheric sea-salt aerosols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:8143-8151. [PMID: 29517776 PMCID: PMC5885371 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00399h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although marine aerosols undergo extensive photochemical processing in the troposphere, a molecular level understanding of the elementary steps involved in these complex reaction sequences is still missing.
Although marine aerosols undergo extensive photochemical processing in the troposphere, a molecular level understanding of the elementary steps involved in these complex reaction sequences is still missing. As a defined laboratory model system, the photodissociation of sea salt clusters doped with glyoxylate, [NanCln–2(C2HO3)]+, n = 5–11, is studied by a combination of mass spectrometry, laser spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Glyoxylate acts as a chromophore, absorbing light below 400 nm via two absorption bands centered at about 346 and 231 nm. Cluster fragmentation dominates, which corresponds to internal conversion of the excited state energy into vibrational modes of the electronic ground state and subsequent unimolecular dissociation. Photochemical dissociation pathways in electronically excited states include CO and HCO elimination, leading to [Nan–xCln–x–2HCOO]+ and [NanCln–2COO˙]+ with typical quantum yields in the range of 1–3% and 5–10%, respectively, for n = 5. The latter species contains CO2˙– stabilized by the salt environment. The comparison of different cluster sizes shows that the fragments containing a carbon dioxide radical anion appear in a broad spectral region of 310–380 nm. This suggests that the elusive CO2˙– species may be formed by natural processes in the troposphere. Based on the photochemical cross sections obtained here, the photolysis lifetime of glyoxylate in a dry marine aerosol is estimated as 10 h. Quantum chemical calculations show that dissociation along the C–C bond in glyoxylic acid as well as glyoxylate embedded in the salt cluster occurs after reaching the S1/S0 conical intersection, while this conical intersection is absent in free glyoxylate ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina K Bersenkowitsch
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Andreas Herburger
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Martin K Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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31
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Vaida V, Reed Harris AE, Rapf RJ, Perkins RJ, Carpenter BK. Comment on “Reactivity of Ketyl and Acetyl Radicals from Direct Solar Actinic Photolysis of Aqueous Pyruvic Acid”. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8738-8740. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b06018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vaida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Allison E. Reed Harris
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Rebecca J. Rapf
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Russell J. Perkins
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Barry K. Carpenter
- School
of Chemistry and the Physical Organic Chemistry Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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32
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Eugene AJ, Guzman MI. Reply to “Comment on ‘Reactivity of Ketyl and Acetyl Radicals from Direct Solar Actinic Photolysis of Aqueous Pyruvic Acid’”. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8741-8744. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J. Eugene
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Marcelo I. Guzman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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33
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Reed Harris AE, Cazaunau M, Gratien A, Pangui E, Doussin JF, Vaida V. Atmospheric Simulation Chamber Studies of the Gas-Phase Photolysis of Pyruvic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8348-8358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b05139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Reed Harris
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- LISA,
UMR-CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Aline Gratien
- LISA,
UMR-CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Edouard Pangui
- LISA,
UMR-CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Jean-François Doussin
- LISA,
UMR-CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC), Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), Créteil, France
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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34
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Rapf RJ, Dooley MR, Kappes K, Perkins RJ, Vaida V. pH Dependence of the Aqueous Photochemistry of α-Keto Acids. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8368-8379. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Rapf
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental
Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael R. Dooley
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental
Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Keaten Kappes
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental
Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Russell J. Perkins
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental
Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental
Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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35
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Witkowski B, Gierczak T. cis-Pinonic Acid Oxidation by Hydroxyl Radicals in the Aqueous Phase under Acidic and Basic Conditions: Kinetics and Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:9765-9773. [PMID: 28719200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous-phase oxidation of cis-pinonic acid (CPA) by hydroxyl radicals (OH) was studied using a relative rate technique under acidic and basic conditions. Liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to the negative electrospray ionization (ESI) quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was used to monitor the concentrations of CPA and reference compounds. The measured second order reaction rate coefficients of CPA with OH were: 3.6 ± 0.3 × 109 M-1 s-1 (pH 2) and 3.0 ± 0.3 × 109 M-1 s-1 (pH 10) - combined uncertainties are 2σ. These results indicated that the lifetimes of CPA in the atmosphere are most likely independent from the aqueous-phase pH. LC-ESI/MS/MS was also used to tentatively identify the CPA oxidation products. Formation of carboxylic acids with molecular weight (MW) 216 Da (most likely C10H16O5) and MW 214 Da (C10H14O5) was confirmed with LC-ESI/MS/MS. When the initial CPA concentration was increased from 0.3 to 10 mM, formation of additional products was observed with MW 188, 200, 204, and 232 Da. Hydroperoxy, hydroxyl and carbonyl-substituted CPA derivatives were tentatively identified among the products. Similar products were formed by the CPA oxidation by OH in the gas-phase, at the air-water interface as well as in the solid phase (dry film). Formation of the stable adduct of CPA and H2O2 was also observed when the reaction mixture was evaporated to dryness and redissolved in water. Acquired mass spectrometric data argues against formation of oligomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Witkowski
- University of Warsaw , Faculty of Chemistry, Al. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gierczak
- University of Warsaw , Faculty of Chemistry, Al. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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36
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Rapf RJ, Perkins RJ, Carpenter BK, Vaida V. Mechanistic Description of Photochemical Oligomer Formation from Aqueous Pyruvic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4272-4282. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Rapf
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Russell J. Perkins
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Barry K. Carpenter
- School
of Chemistry and the Physical Organic Chemistry Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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37
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Rapf RJ, Perkins RJ, Yang H, Miyake GM, Carpenter BK, Vaida V. Photochemical Synthesis of Oligomeric Amphiphiles from Alkyl Oxoacids in Aqueous Environments. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:6946-6959. [PMID: 28481114 PMCID: PMC5518611 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aqueous phase photochemistry of a series of amphiphilic α-keto acids with differing linear alkyl chain lengths was investigated, demonstrating the ability of sunlight-initiated reactions to build molecular complexity under environmentally relevant conditions. We show that the photochemical reaction mechanisms for α-keto acids in aqueous solution are robust and generalizable across alkyl chain lengths. The organic radicals generated during photolysis are indiscriminate, leading to a large mixture of photoproducts that are observed using high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, but these products are identifiable following literature photochemical mechanisms. The alkyl oxoacids under study here can undergo a Norrish Type II reaction to generate pyruvic acid, increasing the diversity of observed photoproducts. The major products of this photochemistry are covalently bonded dimers and trimers of the starting oxoacids, many of which are multi-tailed lipids. The properties of these oligomers are discussed, including their spontaneous self-assembly into aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Rapf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Russell J. Perkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Haishen Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Garret M. Miyake
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Barry K. Carpenter
- School of Chemistry and the Physical Organic Chemistry Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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38
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Reed Harris AE, Pajunoja A, Cazaunau M, Gratien A, Pangui E, Monod A, Griffith EC, Virtanen A, Doussin JF, Vaida V. Multiphase Photochemistry of Pyruvic Acid under Atmospheric Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3327-3339. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Reed Harris
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Aki Pajunoja
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mathieu Cazaunau
- LISA, UMR
CNRS 7583,
Université Paris Est Cretéil (UPEC), Université
Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), 94010 Cretéil, France
| | - Aline Gratien
- LISA, UMR
CNRS 7583,
Université Paris Est Cretéil (UPEC), Université
Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), 94010 Cretéil, France
| | - Edouard Pangui
- LISA, UMR
CNRS 7583,
Université Paris Est Cretéil (UPEC), Université
Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), 94010 Cretéil, France
| | - Anne Monod
- Aix Marseille
Université, CNRS, LCE, 13331, Marseille, France
| | - Elizabeth C. Griffith
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Annele Virtanen
- Department
of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jean-Francois Doussin
- LISA, UMR
CNRS 7583,
Université Paris Est Cretéil (UPEC), Université
Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), 94010 Cretéil, France
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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39
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Eugene AJ, Guzman MI. Reactivity of Ketyl and Acetyl Radicals from Direct Solar Actinic Photolysis of Aqueous Pyruvic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2924-2935. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J. Eugene
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Marcelo I. Guzman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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40
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Schnitzler EG, Seifert NA, Ghosh S, Thomas J, Xu Y, Jäger W. Hydration of the simplest α-keto acid: a rotational spectroscopic and ab initio study of the pyruvic acid–water complex. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:4440-4446. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08741h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-covalent interactions analysis of hydrogen bonding in the pyruvic acid water complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah G. Schnitzler
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- 11227 Saskatchewan Drive
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Nathan A. Seifert
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- 11227 Saskatchewan Drive
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Supriya Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- 11227 Saskatchewan Drive
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Javix Thomas
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- 11227 Saskatchewan Drive
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Yunjie Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- 11227 Saskatchewan Drive
- Edmonton
- Canada
| | - Wolfgang Jäger
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Alberta
- 11227 Saskatchewan Drive
- Edmonton
- Canada
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41
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Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Introductory lecture: atmospheric chemistry in the Anthropocene. Faraday Discuss 2017; 200:11-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00161d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The term “Anthropocene” was coined by Professor Paul Crutzen in 2000 to describe an unprecedented era in which anthropogenic activities are impacting planet Earth on a global scale. Greatly increased emissions into the atmosphere, reflecting the advent of the Industrial Revolution, have caused significant changes in both the lower and upper atmosphere. Atmospheric reactions of the anthropogenic emissions and of those with biogenic compounds have significant impacts on human health, visibility, climate and weather. Two activities that have had particularly large impacts on the troposphere are fossil fuel combustion and agriculture, both associated with a burgeoning population. Emissions are also changing due to alterations in land use. This paper describes some of the tropospheric chemistry associated with the Anthropocene, with emphasis on areas having large uncertainties. These include heterogeneous chemistry such as those of oxides of nitrogen and the neonicotinoid pesticides, reactions at liquid interfaces, organic oxidations and particle formation, the role of sulfur compounds in the Anthropocene and biogenic–anthropogenic interactions. A clear and quantitative understanding of the connections between emissions, reactions, deposition and atmospheric composition is central to developing appropriate cost-effective strategies for minimizing the impacts of anthropogenic activities. The evolving nature of emissions in the Anthropocene places atmospheric chemistry at the fulcrum of determining human health and welfare in the future.
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42
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Perkins RJ, Shoemaker RK, Carpenter BK, Vaida V. Chemical Equilibria and Kinetics in Aqueous Solutions of Zymonic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:10096-10107. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b10526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell J. Perkins
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Richard K. Shoemaker
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Barry K. Carpenter
- School
of Chemistry and the Physical Organic Chemistry Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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43
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Reed Harris AE, Doussin JF, Carpenter BK, Vaida V. Gas-Phase Photolysis of Pyruvic Acid: The Effect of Pressure on Reaction Rates and Products. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:10123-10133. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Reed Harris
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jean-Francois Doussin
- LISA,
UMR-CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Créteil (UPEC),
Université Paris Diderot (UPD), Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL), 94010 Créteil, France
| | | | - Veronica Vaida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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45
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Cremer JW, Thaler KM, Haisch C, Signorell R. Photoacoustics of single laser-trapped nanodroplets for the direct observation of nanofocusing in aerosol photokinetics. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10941. [PMID: 26979973 PMCID: PMC4799369 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photochemistry taking place in atmospheric aerosol droplets has a significant impact on the Earth's climate. Nanofocusing of electromagnetic radiation inside aerosols plays a crucial role in their absorption behaviour, since the radiation flux inside the droplet strongly affects the activation rate of photochemically active species. However, size-dependent nanofocusing effects in the photokinetics of small aerosols have escaped direct observation due to the inability to measure absorption signatures from single droplets. Here we show that photoacoustic measurements on optically trapped single nanodroplets provide a direct, broadly applicable method to measure absorption with attolitre sensitivity. We demonstrate for a model aerosol that the photolysis is accelerated by an order of magnitude in the sub-micron to micron size range, compared with larger droplets. The versatility of our technique promises broad applicability to absorption studies of aerosol particles, such as atmospheric aerosols where quantitative photokinetic data are critical for climate predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes W. Cremer
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Klemens M. Thaler
- Laboratory for Applied Laser Spectroscopy, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 17, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Haisch
- Laboratory for Applied Laser Spectroscopy, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 17, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Signorell
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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46
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Rapf RJ, Vaida V. Sunlight as an energetic driver in the synthesis of molecules necessary for life. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:20067-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00980h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This review considers how photochemistry and sunlight-driven reactions can abiotically generate prebiotic molecules necessary for the evolution of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Rapf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- CIRES
- University of Colorado at Boulder
- Boulder
- USA
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- CIRES
- University of Colorado at Boulder
- Boulder
- USA
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47
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Photosensitized production of functionalized and unsaturated organic compounds at the air-sea interface. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12741. [PMID: 26244712 PMCID: PMC4650702 DOI: 10.1038/srep12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The sea-surface microlayer (SML) has different physical, chemical and biological properties compared to the subsurface water, with an enrichment of organic matter i.e., dissolved organic matter including UV absorbing humic substances, fatty acids and many others. Here we present experimental evidence that dissolved organic matter, such as humic acids, when exposed to sunlight, can photosensitize the chemical conversion of linear saturated fatty acids at the air-water interface into unsaturated functionalized gas phase products (i.e. saturated and unsaturated aldehydes and acids, alkenes and dienes,…) which are known precursors of secondary organic aerosols. These functionalized molecules have previously been thought to be of biological origin, but here we demonstrate that abiotic interfacial photochemistry has the potential to produce such molecules. As the ocean is widely covered by the SML, this new understanding will impact on our ability to describe atmospheric chemistry in the marine environment.
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48
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Photo-induced synthesis glucose-responsive carriers for controlled release of insulin in vitro. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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49
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Herrmann H, Schaefer T, Tilgner A, Styler SA, Weller C, Teich M, Otto T. Tropospheric aqueous-phase chemistry: kinetics, mechanisms, and its coupling to a changing gas phase. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4259-334. [PMID: 25950643 DOI: 10.1021/cr500447k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sarah A Styler
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Weller
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Monique Teich
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Otto
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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50
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Ervens B. Modeling the processing of aerosol and trace gases in clouds and fogs. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4157-98. [PMID: 25898144 DOI: 10.1021/cr5005887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ervens
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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