1
|
Chatterjee K, Koczor-Benda Z, Feng X, Krylov AI, Jagau TC. Analytic Evaluation of Nonadiabatic Couplings within the Complex Absorbing Potential Equation-of-Motion Coupled-Cluster Method. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:5821-5834. [PMID: 37647100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
We present the theory for the evaluation of nonadiabatic couplings (NACs) involving resonance states within the complex absorbing potential equation-of-motion coupled-cluster (CAP-EOM-CC) framework implemented within the singles and doubles approximation. Resonance states are embedded in the continuum and undergo rapid decay through autodetachment. In addition, nuclear motion can facilitate transitions between different resonances and between resonances and bound states. These nonadiabatic transitions affect the chemical fate of resonances and have distinct spectroscopic signatures. The NAC vector is a central quantity needed to model such effects. In the CAP-EOM-CC framework, resonance states are treated on the same footing as bound states. Using the example of fumaronitrile, which supports a bound radical anion and several anionic resonances, we analyze the NAC between bound states and pseudocontinuum states, between bound states and resonances, and between two resonances. We find that the NAC between a bound state and a resonance is nearly independent of the CAP strength and thus straightforward to evaluate, whereas the NAC between two resonance states or between a bound state and a pseudocontinuum state is more difficult to evaluate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Xintian Feng
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 240, Pleasanton, California 94588, United States
| | - Anna I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Thomas-C Jagau
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Thodika M, Matsika S. Projected Complex Absorbing Potential Multireference Configuration Interaction Approach for Shape and Feshbach Resonances. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:3377-3390. [PMID: 35622933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anion resonances are formed as metastable intermediates in low-energy electron-induced reactions. Due to the finite lifetimes of resonances, applying standard Hermitian formalism for their characterization presents a vexing problem for computational chemists. Numerous modifications to conventional quantum chemical methods have enabled satisfactory characterization of resonances, but specific issues remain, especially in describing two-particle one-hole (2p-1h) resonances. An accurate description of these resonances and their coupling with single-particle resonances requires a multireference approach. We propose a projected complex absorbing potential (CAP) implementation within the multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) framework to characterize single-particle and 2p-1h resonances. As a first application, we use the projected-CAP-MRCI approach to characterize and benchmark the 2Πg shape resonance in N2-. We test its performance as a function of the size of the subspace and other parameters, and we compute the complex potential energy surface of the 2Πg shape resonance to show that a smooth curve is obtained. One key benefit of MRCI is that it can describe Feshbach resonances (most common examples of 2p-1h resonances) at the same footing as shape resonances. Therefore, it is uniquely positioned to describe mixing between the different channels. To test these additional capabilities, we compute Feshbach resonances in H2O- and anions of dicyanoethylene isomers. We find that CAP-MRCI can efficiently capture the mixing between the Feshbach and shape resonances in dicyanoethylene isomers, which has significant consequences for their lifetimes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mushir Thodika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Spiridoula Matsika
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kałka AJ, Mozgawa B, Pietrzyk P, Turek AM. Intermolecular interactions of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and fumaronitrile (FN) with minor amines: A combined UV–Vis and EPR study. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:094301. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0084088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the nature of interactions between two cyanocarbons—tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and fumaronitrile (FN)—and a series of four secondary amines possessing a general formula C4HxN (x = 5–11) is thoroughly scrutinized. For all of the TCNE–amine pairs, tricyanovinylation (TCV) reaction is observed; however, only for pyrrole, it is accompanied with a visible charge-transfer (CT) complex formation—no such chemical individuals, characteristic for TCNE, have been noticed for aliphatic and alicyclic amines. On the contrary, FN forms such complexes with all the amines studied. Interestingly, a rather unexpected reaction of FN with alicyclic amines has been observed. The recorded electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra indicate the presence of both TCNE●− and FN●− radicals in the analyzed samples, assigned to a complete charge (electron) transfer process within the CT complexes, whose efficiency can be additionally enhanced by photoirradiation. The origination of the former radical, whose presence is observed also in the TCNE–diethylamine mixture, is as well proposed to result indirectly from the TCV reaction, occurring for this system. Finally, the superhyperfine structure of EPR spectra, indicating the existence of some secondary interactions of the radicals with surrounding compounds, is discussed. Formation of CT complexes and tricyanovinylates has been investigated and characterized with UV–Vis spectroscopy, while the presence of (cyano)radicals in the analyzed mixtures has been evidenced by (photoinduced) EPR measurements. Interpretation of the experimental results is also supplemented with computer simulations including density functional theory calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej J. Kałka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz Mozgawa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Pietrzyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej M. Turek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sanov A. Intermolecular interactions in cluster anions. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2021.1983292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Sanov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dauletyarov Y, Sanov A. Weak covalent interactions and anionic charge-sharing polymerisation in cluster environments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11596-11610. [PMID: 33982051 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01213d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We discuss the formation of weak covalent bonds leading to anionic charge-sharing dimerisation or polymerisation in microscopic cluster environments. The covalent bonding between cluster building blocks is described in terms of coherent charge sharing, conceptualised using a coupled-monomers molecular-orbital model. The model assumes first-order separability of the inter- and intra-monomer bonding structures. Combined with a Hückel-style formalism adapted to weak covalent and solvation interactions, it offers insight into the competition between the two types of forces and illuminates the properties of the inter-monomer orbitals responsible for charge-sharing dimerisation and polymerisation. Under typical conditions, the cumulative effect of solvation obstructs the polymerisation, limiting the size of covalently bound core anions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yerbolat Dauletyarov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
| | - Andrei Sanov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ehara M, Kanazawa Y, Sommerfeld T. Low-lying π∗ resonances associated with cyano groups: A CAP/SAC-CI study. Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
7
|
Barborini M, Sorella S, Rontani M, Corni S. Correlation Effects in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Images of Molecules Revealed by Quantum Monte Carlo. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:5339-5349. [PMID: 27709944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy probe the local density of states of single molecules electrically insulated from the substrate. The experimental images, although usually interpreted in terms of single-particle molecular orbitals, are associated with quasiparticle wave functions dressed by the whole electron-electron interaction. Here we propose an ab initio approach based on quantum Monte Carlo to calculate the quasiparticle wave functions of molecules. Through the comparison between Monte Carlo wave functions and their uncorrelated Hartree-Fock counterparts we visualize the electronic correlation embedded in the simulated STM images, highlighting the many-body features that might be observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandro Sorella
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) and CNR-IOM Democritos National Simulation Center, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dixon AR, Khuseynov D, Sanov A. Benzonitrile: Electron affinity, excited states, and anion solvation. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:134306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4931985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Dmitry Khuseynov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| | - Andrei Sanov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Klaiman S, Cederbaum LS. Barrierless Single-Electron-Induced cis-trans Isomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10470-3. [PMID: 26178841 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lowering the activation energy of a chemical reaction is an essential part in controlling chemical reactions. By attaching a single electron, a barrierless path for the cis-trans isomerization of maleonitrile on the anionic surface is formed. The anionic activation can be applied in both reaction directions, yielding the desired isomer. We identify the microscopic mechanism that leads to the formation of the barrierless route for the electron-induced isomerization. The generalization to other chemical reactions is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shachar Klaiman
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany).
| | - Lorenz S Cederbaum
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Klaiman S, Cederbaum LS. Barrierless Single-Electron-Induced cis
-trans
Isomerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
11
|
Effective D-A-D type chromophore of fumaronitrile-core and terminal alkylated bithiophene for solution-processed small molecule organic solar cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11143. [PMID: 26066557 PMCID: PMC4464324 DOI: 10.1038/srep11143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A new and novel organic π-conjugated chromophore (named as RCNR) based on fumaronitrile-core acceptor and terminal alkylated bithiophene was designed, synthesized and utilized as an electron-donor material for the solution-processed fabrication of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) small molecule organic solar cells (SMOSCs). The synthesized organic chromophore exhibited a broad absorption peak near green region and strong emission peak due to the presence of strong electron-withdrawing nature of two nitrile (–CN) groups of fumaronitrile acceptor. The highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level of –5.82 eV and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of –3.54 eV were estimated for RCNR due to the strong electron-accepting tendency of –CN groups. The fabricated SMOSC devices with RCNR:PC60BM (1:3, w/w) active layer exhibited the reasonable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ~2.69% with high short-circuit current density (JSC) of ~9.68 mA/cm2 and open circuit voltage (VOC) of ~0.79 V.
Collapse
|