1
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Mehla N, Mukhopadhyaya A, Ali S, Ali ME. Orchestration of ferro- and anti-ferromagnetic ordering in gold nanoclusters. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:13445-13456. [PMID: 38920340 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00856a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The unpaired electron in the gold clusters (Aun, n = no. of Au atoms) with an odd number of total electrons is solely responsible for the magnetic properties in the small-sized Au nano-clusters. However, no such unpaired electron is available due to pairing in the even number of atom gold clusters and behaving as a diamagnetic entity similar to bulk gold. In this work, we unveiled the spin-density distribution of odd Aun clusters with n = 1 to 19 that reveals that a single unpaired electron gets distributed non-uniformly among all Au-atoms depending on the cluster size and morphology. The delocalization of the unpaired electron leads to the spin dilution approaching a value of ∼1/n spin moments on each atom for the higher clusters. Interestingly, small odd-numbered gold clusters possess spin-magnetic moments similar to the delocalized spin moments as of organic radicals. Can cooperative magnetic properties be obtained by coupling these individual magnetic gold nanoparticles? In this work, by applying state-of-the-art computational methodologies, we have demonstrated ferromagnetic or anti-ferromagnetic couplings between such magnetic nanoclusters upon designing suitable organic spacers. These findings will open up a new avenue of nanoscale magnetic materials combining organic spacers and odd-electron nano-clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Mehla
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Aritra Mukhopadhyaya
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Shahjad Ali
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Md Ehesan Ali
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Sector-81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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2
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Shil S, Bhattacharya D, Misra A, Bytautas L. Antiaromatic Molecules as Magnetic Couplers: A Computational Quest. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:815-828. [PMID: 38267395 PMCID: PMC10860145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c05784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate a set of organic diradical structures in which two oxo-verdazyl radicals are selected as radical spin centers that are connected (coupled) via six coupler molecules (CM), resulting in various magnetic (ferromagnetic (FM) or antiferromagnetic (AFM)) characteristics, as reflected by their exchange coupling constants (J). We have designed 12 diradicals with 6-antiaromatic couplers coupled with bis-oxo-verdazyl diradicals with meta-meta (m-m) and para-meta (p-m) positional connectivities. The nature of the magnetic coupling (ferromagnetic, nonmagnetic, or antiferromagnetic) and the magnitude of the exchange constant J depend on the type of coupler, the connecting point between each radical center and CM, the degree of aromaticity of the coupler, and the length of the through-bond distance between radical centers. The computed magnetic exchange coupling constants J for these diradicals at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) and MN12SX/6-311++G(d,p) levels of theory are large for many of these structures, indicating strong ferromagnetic coupling (with positive J values). In some cases, magnetic couplings are observed with J > 1000 cm-1 (B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)) and strong antiferromagnetic coupling (with negative J values) with J < -1000 cm-1 (B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)). Similarly, in some cases, magnetic couplings are observed with J > 289 cm-1 (MN12SX/6-311++G(d,p)) and strong antiferromagnetic coupling (with negative J values) with J < -568 cm-1 (MN12SX/6-311++G(d,p)). Furthermore, while numerous studies have reported that the degree of aromaticity of molecular couplers often favors strong ferromagnetic coupling, displaying the high-spin character of diradicals in their ground states, the couplers chosen in this study are characterized as antiaromatic or nonaromatic. The current investigation provides evidence that, remarkably, antiaromatic couplers are able to enhance stability by favoring electronic diradical structures with very strong ferromagnetic coupling when the length of the through-bond distance and connectivity pattern between radical centers are selected in such a way that the FM coupling is optimized. The findings in this study offer new strategies in the design of novel organic materials with interesting magnetic properties for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suranjan Shil
- Manipal
Centre for Natural Sciences (Centre of Excellence), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | | | - Anirban Misra
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Siliguri 734013, India
| | - Laimutis Bytautas
- Department
of Chemistry, Galveston College, 4015 Avenue Q, Galveston, Texas 77550, United States
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3
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Zhang F, Zhang Z, Zhao Y, Du C, Li Y, Gao J, Ren X, Ma T, Li B, Bu Y. Redox-Regulated Magnetic Conversions between Ferro- and Antiferromagnetism in Organic Nitroxide Diradicals. Molecules 2023; 28:6232. [PMID: 37687060 PMCID: PMC10488413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox-induced magnetic transformation in organic diradicals is an appealing phenomenon. In this study, we theoretically designed twelve couples of diradicals in which two nitroxide (NO) radical groups are connected to the redox-active couplers including p-benzoquinonyl, 1,4-naphthoquinyl, 9,10-anthraquinonyl, naphthacene-5,12-dione, pentacene-6,13-dione, hexacene-6,15-dione, pyrazinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenazinyl, 5,12-diazanaphthacene, 6,13-diazapentacene, and 6,15-diazahexacene. As evidenced at both the B3LYP and M06-2X levels of theory, the calculations reveal that the magnetic reversal can take place from ferromagnetism to antiferromagnetism, or vice versa, by means of redox method in these designed organic magnetic molecules. It was observed that p-benzoquinonyl, 1,4-naphthoquinyl, 9,10-anthraquinonyl, naphthacene-5,12-dione, pentacene-6,13-dione, and hexacene-6,15-dione-bridged NO diradicals produce antiferromagnetism while their dihydrogenated counterparts exhibit ferromagnetism. Similarly, pyrazinyl, quinoxalinyl, phenazinyl, 5,12-diazanaphthacene, 6,13-diazapentacene, and 6,15-diazahexacene-bridged NO diradicals present ferromagnetism while their dihydrogenated counterparts show antiferromagnetism. The differences in the magnetic behaviors and magnetic magnitudes of each of the twelve couples of diradicals could be attributed to their distinctly different spin-interacting pathways. It was found that the nature of the coupler and the length of the coupling path are important factors in controlling the magnitude of the magnetic exchange coupling constant J. Specifically, smaller HOMO-LUMO (HOMO: highest occupied molecular orbital, LUMO: lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) gaps of the couplers and shorter coupler lengths, as well as shorter linking bond lengths, can attain stronger magnetic interactions. In addition, a diradical with an extensively π-conjugated structure is beneficial to spin transport and can effectively promote magnetic coupling, yielding a large |J| accordingly. That is, a larger spin polarization can give rise to a stronger magnetic interaction. The sign of J for these studied diradicals can be predicted from the spin alternation rule, the shape of the singly occupied molecular orbitals (SOMOs), and the SOMO-SOMO energy gaps of the triplet state. This study paves the way for the rational design of magnetic molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China; (C.D.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.R.); (T.M.); (B.L.)
- Shanxi Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Light Materials Modification and Application, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Zijun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China;
| | - Yali Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China; (C.D.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.R.); (T.M.); (B.L.)
- Shanxi Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Light Materials Modification and Application, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Chao Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China; (C.D.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.R.); (T.M.); (B.L.)
- Shanxi Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Light Materials Modification and Application, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China; (C.D.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.R.); (T.M.); (B.L.)
- Shanxi Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Light Materials Modification and Application, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Jiaqi Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China; (C.D.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.R.); (T.M.); (B.L.)
- Shanxi Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Light Materials Modification and Application, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Xiaobo Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China; (C.D.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.R.); (T.M.); (B.L.)
- Shanxi Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Light Materials Modification and Application, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China; (C.D.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.R.); (T.M.); (B.L.)
- Shanxi Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Light Materials Modification and Application, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Boqiong Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinzhong University, Jinzhong 030619, China; (C.D.); (Y.L.); (J.G.); (X.R.); (T.M.); (B.L.)
- Shanxi Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Light Materials Modification and Application, Jinzhong 030619, China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China;
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4
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Malik R, Bu Y. Magnetic coupling modulation in meta-nitroxide-functionalized isoalloxazine magnets with redox-active units as efficient side-modulators. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023. [PMID: 37335558 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01611k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic conversion can be accomplished in a variety of ways, as organic molecules with switchable magnetic characteristics offer numerous technological applications. It is crucial to find magnetism-switchable systems because, in the field of organic magnetic materials, the redox-induced magnetic reversal is very simple to achieve and shows significant applications. Herein, we computationally design isoalloxazine-based diradicals through oxidizing N10 and adding a nitroxide to C8 as the spin source (i.e. 8-nitroxide-isoalloxazine 10-oxide, an m-phenylene-like nitroxide diradical expanded with a redox unit as a side-modulator) and its N1/N5-hydrogenated/protonated diradical derivatives and introducing substituents (-OH, -NH2, and -NO2) to C6. We demonstrate that the basically modified structure exhibits ferromagnetic (FM) characteristics with a magnetic coupling constant (J) of 561.3 cm-1 calculated at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) level, obeying the meta-phenylene-mediated diradical character, and dihydrogenation can lead to an AFM diradical with considerably large J (-976.1 cm-1). Surprisingly, protonation at N1 or N5 can lead to distinctly different magnetic variations (561.3 → -1602.9 cm-1 at N1 versus 561.3 → 379.1 cm-1 at N5). Analyses indicate that small singlet-triplet energy gaps and small energy gaps between the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO, LUMO) of the closed shell singlet state are the key features of these isoalloxazine diradicals, and aromaticity variations, significant spin delocalization from the π-conjugated structure and spin polarization from the non-Kekule structure induced by modification are responsible for the magnetic conversion. Furthermore, the spin alternation rule, the singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) effect, and the SOMO-SOMO energy splitting of the triplet state are used to analyze these distinct variations. This work provides a novel understanding of the structures and characteristics of modified isoalloxazine diradicals, as well as essential details for the intricate design and characterization of new isoalloxazine-based potential organic magnetic switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Malik
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Zhang F, Feng Y, Song X, Bu Y. Enhancing magnetic coupling through protonation of benzylideneaniline-bridged diradicals and comparison with stilbene- and azobenzene-based diradicals. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31442-31450. [PMID: 36349011 PMCID: PMC9627958 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05115j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Taking nitroxide radicals as spin sources, we explore the intramolecular magnetic coupling interactions of the trans- and cis-forms of benzylideneaniline (BA)-bridged diradicals, in which the central -CH[double bond, length as m-dash]N- unit can undergo single protonation to convert to its protonated counterpart or vice versa. The calculated results for these two pairs of diradicals (protonated versus unprotonated trans and cis forms) verify that the signs of their magnetic coupling constants J do not change, but the magnitudes significantly increase after protonation. In the structure, the better conjugation of the protonated trans diradical and two reduced CCNC and CCCN torsion angles of the protonated cis one make for a more efficient spin transport, promoting the spin polarization, thus leading to larger spin couplings. In terms of mechanism, the proton-induced magnetic enhancement should be attributed to strong participation of the coupler BA through its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) with a lower energy level after protonation, and the small HOMO-LUMO (HOMO: highest occupied molecular orbital) gap of the coupler BA through protonation is crucial in explaining such remarkable spin-coupling enhancement. Furthermore, different linking modes of the radical groups to the couplers are also considered to confirm our conclusions. In addition, we also make a comparison of the magnetic coupling strengths among their isoelectronic analogues of BA-, AB- and stilbene-bridged nitroxide diradicals before or after protonation, and find a linear correlation among them. It should be noted that the magnetic behaviors of all these diradicals obey the spin alternation rule and singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) effect. This work provides helpful information for the rational design of promising magnetic molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinzhong University Jinzhong 030619 People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
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6
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Cui M, Zhao Y, Gao W, Cui X, Zhang C, Zhang C, Meng Q. Theoretical Simulation on Regulating the Magnetic Coupling Properties of Diradical Artificial Bases. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:7820-7828. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Cui
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan250358, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan250358, P. R. China
| | - Wen Gao
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan250358, P. R. China
| | - Xixi Cui
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan250358, P. R. China
| | - Chenyang Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan250358, P. R. China
| | - Changzhe Zhang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan250358, P. R. China
| | - Qingtian Meng
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan250358, P. R. China
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7
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Zhivonitko VV, Beer H, Zakharov DO, Bresien J, Schulz A. Hyperpolarization Effects in Parahydrogen Activation with Pnictogen Biradicaloids: Metal-free PHIP and SABRE. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:813-817. [PMID: 33725397 PMCID: PMC8251785 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Biradicaloids attract attention as a novel class of reagents that can activate small molecules such as H2, ethylene and CO2. Herein, we study activation of parahydrogen (nuclear spin‐0 isomer of H2) by a number of 4‐ and 5‐membered pnictogen biradicaloids based on hetero‐cyclobutanediyl [X(μ‐NTer)2Z] and hetero‐cyclopentanediyl [X(μ‐NTer)2ZC(NDmp)] moieties (X,Z=P,As; Ter=2,6‐Mes2−C6H3, Dmp=2,6‐Me2−C6H3). The concerted mechanism of this reaction allowed observing strong nuclear spin hyperpolarization effects in 1H and 31P NMR experiments. Signal enhancements from two to four orders of magnitude were detected at 9.4 T depending on the structure. It is demonstrated that 4‐membered biradicaloids activate H2 reversibly, leading to SABRE (signal amplification by reversible exchange) hyperpolarization of biradicaloids themselves and their H2 adducts. In contrast, the 5‐membered counterparts demonstrate rather irreversible parahydrogen activation resulting in hyperpolarized H2 adducts only. Kinetic measurements provided parameters to support experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henrik Beer
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Danila O Zakharov
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V., Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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8
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Ma J, Yuan Y, Kang B, Lee JY. Acetylene coupler builds strong and tunable diradical organic molecular magnets. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01140e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An acetylene coupler builds strong and flexible organic molecular magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- P. R. China
| | - Baotao Kang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- University of Jinan
- Jinan
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry
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9
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Zhu X. Development of analytical prediction method for designing organic ferromagnets with heteroatoms. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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(Pyrrole-2,5-Diyl)-Bis(Nitronyl Nitroxide) and-Bis(Iminonitroxide): Specific Features of the Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071503. [PMID: 32224961 PMCID: PMC7180855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to diradicals connected by alternant hydrocarbons, only a few studies have addressed diradicals connected by nonalternant hydrocarbons and their heteroatom derivatives. Here, the synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties of pyrrole-2,5-diyl-linked bis(nitronyl nitroxide) and bis(iminonitroxide) diradicals are described. The diradicals show characteristic electron spin resonance spectra in dilute glassy solutions, from which conclusions about the presence of distinct conformations, their symmetry, and interspin distance were made. X-ray diffraction analysis of the diradicals revealed that paramagnetic moieties lie in the plane of the pyrrole ring, because of the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond, ONO…HN, with O…H distances of 2.15-2.23 Å. The N-O groups participating in the formation of H-bonds have greater bond lengths (~1.29 Å) as compared with nonparticipating groups (~1.27 Å). The nitronyl nitroxide and iminonitroxide diradicals showed an intramolecular antiferromagnetic interaction, with J = -77.3 and -22.2 cm-1, respectively (H = -2JS1S2).
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11
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Murata T, Asakura N, Ukai S, Ueda A, Kanzaki Y, Sato K, Takui T, Morita Y. Intramolecular Magnetic Interaction of Spin-Delocalized Neutral Radicals through m-Phenylene Spacers. Chempluschem 2020; 84:680-685. [PMID: 31944024 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A new diradical having two 4,8,10-trioxotriangulene (TOT) neutral radical units linked through an m-phenylene moiety was synthesized and characterized by ESR measurements. An electrochemical study showed that the diradical undergoes two one-electron reductions to generate corresponding dianion species, suggesting the electronic interaction between two TOT units through the π-conjugated spacer. A strong intramolecular interaction between the two TOT units gives rise to the spin-projected small hyperfine couplings in comparison with those of the monomer. Furthermore, the temperature dependent ESR measurement revealed that the dimer behaves as an S=1 species in the ground state with a ferromagnetic interaction of 2 J/kB =+7±3 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Yachigusa, 1247, Yakusa, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noriaki Asakura
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Yachigusa, 1247, Yakusa, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shusaku Ukai
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Yachigusa, 1247, Yakusa, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akira Ueda
- The Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Kanzaki
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Morita
- Department of Applied Chemistry Faculty of Engineering, Aichi Institute of Technology, Yachigusa, 1247, Yakusa, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
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12
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Petunin PV, Votkina DE, Trusova ME, Rybalova TV, Amosov EV, Uvarov MN, Postnikov PS, Kazantsev MS, Mostovich EA. Oxidative addition of verdazyl halogenides to Pd(PPh3)4. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03361k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A novel approach to the preparation of stable Pd-substituted verdazyls was developed through the direct oxidative addition of iodoverdazyls to Pd(PPh3)4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V. Petunin
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk 634050
- Russia
- Siberian State Medical University
- Tomsk 634050
| | | | | | - Tatyana V. Rybalova
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Siberian Branch
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
| | - Evgeny V. Amosov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Siberian Branch
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
| | - Mikhail N. Uvarov
- Novosibirsk State University
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
- V. V. Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion
- Siberian Branch
| | - Pavel S. Postnikov
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk 634050
- Russia
- University of Chemistry and Technology
- Prague 16628
| | - Maxim S. Kazantsev
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Siberian Branch
- Russian Academy of Sciences
- Novosibirsk 630090
- Russia
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13
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Huang J, Wang YF, Zhou G, Li J, Li ZR. Theoretical insights into the magneto-structural correlation: Comparison between series of copper(I) and silver(I) metal complexes with nitronyl nitroxide radicals. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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14
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Eusterwiemann S, Doerenkamp C, Dresselhaus T, Janka O, Daniliuc CG, Pöttgen R, Studer A, Eckert H, Neugebauer J. Ferro- or antiferromagnetism? Heisenberg chains in the crystal structures of verdazyl radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22902-22908. [PMID: 30152489 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03332c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we address the question of the origin of ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic interactions in alkynyl-substituted 1,5-diphenyl-6-oxo verdazyl radicals. While a TMS-alkynyl derivative (3) shows antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures, the corresponding deprotected alkynyl verdazyl (4) shows ferromagnetic interactions. For both compounds, magnetic Heisenberg chains are characteristic, which were studied systematically by means of X-ray crystallography and quantum chemical calculations. Ferromagnetic interactions are rarely found in such radicals. Therefore, uncovering such structure-property relationships is of crucial importance in order to understand and design promising ferromagnetic networks. Using this knowledge, we were able to design and crystallize diyne derivatives showing comparable solid state characteristics and therefore antiferro- and ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain structures. We show that the understanding of such property-structure relationships is adequate for the design of organic-magnetic materials with defined cooperative effects within the class of verdazyl radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Eusterwiemann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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15
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Wu S, Yuan Y, Ai H, Lee JY, Kang B. Effects of double-atom vacancies on the electronic properties of graphyne: a DFT investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22739-22743. [PMID: 30140794 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03359e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Vacancy defects are one of the key impurities that strongly affect the properties of materials. In the present study, some different double-atom vacancies were introduced into α-graphyne (Gy), βGy, and γGy, depending on their own structural characteristics. Subsequently, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to evaluate the changes in the structural and electronic properties induced by the double-atom vacancies. The results indicated that the double-atom vacancies only lead to an in-plane structural rearrangement of all three of the Gy systems. It was further revealed that the position of the double-atom vacancies is a crucial factor in the manipulation of the electronic properties of αGy and βGy as compared with γGy. Our work is expected to yield new Gy materials with the desired properties obtained by altering the position of induced double-atom vacancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P. R. China.
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16
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Burnea FKB, Ko KC, Lee JY. Effective modulation of intramolecular ferromagnetic interaction of diradicals by functionalization of cross-conjugated coupler. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:20688-20694. [PMID: 30062363 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03689f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cross-conjugated molecules are an interesting class of conjugated systems possessing a spatially separated HOMO and LUMO. Most previous studies have taken advantage of this property by using it in organic semiconductor applications. Herein, we undertake a new investigation on the use of this type of molecule, in particular benzo[1,2-d;4,5-d']bisoxazole (BBO), as a coupler for organic diradicals. BBO has two sites available for adding a substituent and a spin center (SC) which are along its 4,8- and 2,6-axes. Functionalizations using electron donating (ED) and electron withdrawing (EW) groups were imposed to tune its FMOs and it was found that the longer 2,6-axis is an ideal site with a broader LUMO range via substituent effects. Diradicalization of these BBOs using nitronyl nitroxide (NN) and nitroxide (NO) as SCs was done using the remaining available axis. The calculated J values are linearly dependent on the LUMO energy of the coupler, but with 4,8-NH2-2,6-SC as an outlier. This exceptional case is related to 4,8-NH2-2,6-SC having the lowest BBO-NN dihedral angle. Moreover, the diradicals 4,8-X-2,6-SC (with X = H, NH2, CH3) have higher J values than 2,6-X-4,8-SC (with X = H, NH2, CH3), which is counterintuitive because the latter have a shorter coupling path. These diradicals are positioned to the right of the intersection of their trend lines, which implies that diradicals with LUMO values to the right of this intersection have the tendency to attain J values that are higher than those diradicals with a shorter coupling path. 4,8-NH2-2,6-SC even surpasses the projected JMax values which we associate with the highest attainable J values due to LUMO tuning via substituent effects. These results provide useful insights, especially into the interplay between the LUMO and the dihedral angle and how these affect magnetism in diradicals. In conclusion, we found that BBO can be a good candidate as an effective coupler for diradicals with tunable J values via incorporation of ED and EW groups. This first approach to studying the application of cross-conjugated molecules as couplers also paves the way for new candidates for the development of more effective diradical systems.
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17
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Wen Y, Yen CL, Yan L, Kono H, Lin SH, Ling YC. Magnetism-tuning strategies for graphene oxide based on magnetic oligoacene oxide patches model. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:3678-3686. [PMID: 29344589 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06405e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has wide application potential owing to its 2D structure and diverse modification sites for various targeted uses. The introduction of magnetism into GO structures has further advanced the controllability of the application of GO materials. Herein, the concept of modular design and modeling was applied to tune the magnetism of GO. To obtain desirable magnetic properties, diradical-structured GO patches were formed by the introduction of two functional groups to break the Kekule structure of the benzene ring. In these diradical GO patches, the energy of the triplet state was lower than those of the open-shell broken-symmetry singlet state and closed-shell singlet state. To create such multi-radical patches, a practical approach is to determine a substantial spatial separation of the α and β spin densities in the molecule. Thus, systematic design strategies and tests were evaluated. The first strategy was extending the distance between the distribution center of the α and β spin densities; the second was controlling the delocalization directions of the α and β electrons; the third was controlling the delocalization extension of the α and β electrons by oxidative modification, and finally introducing multi-radical structures into the molecular system and controlling the position of each radical. Herein, successful molecular models with a large magnetic coupling constant (∼3600 cm-1) were obtained. This study paves the way to explore ferromagnetic MGO guided by theoretical study, which may become reality soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wen
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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18
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Zhao P, Bu Y. Remarkable Differences in Spin Couplings for Various Self-Paired Dimers of Ring-Expansion-Radicalized Uracil: A Basis for the Design of Magnetically Anisotropic Assemblies. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:208-219. [PMID: 29165931 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201701068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The spin-coupling properties of a series of radicalized uracil (rU) dimer diradicals with different H-bonding modes is examined. Each rU has four double H-bonding sites [the amide units: two at the Watson-Crick face (upper site WC1 and lower site WC2 ), a Hoogsteen site (HO), and a minor-groove site (MI)], and ten homogeneous dimers (rU-rU) can self-pair with well-defined diradical characters and comparable stability to the native U dimers. More interestingly, all these dimers exhibit distinctly different spin-coupling characters (ferromagnetic (FM) versus antiferromagnetic (AFM) and large- versus small-magnitude spin couplings), indicative of remarkable magnetic-coupling anisotropy of rU. This observation originates from the fusion of a cyclopentadienyl radical to U, which leads to uneven spin-density distribution. In rU, the fused five-membered radical ring can spin-polarize to the edge in the minor groove, and thus dimerization of rU leads to different H-bonded structures with remarkably different magnetic couplings. The calculated larger magnetic coupling constants J are 1003.7 and 540.2 cm-1 for the WC2 -HO and MI-HO H-bonding modes between rU, which exhibit considerably large FM couplings, the MI-MI, WC1 -WC2 and WC2 -WC2 modes show moderate FM couplings (J=0.4-77 cm-1 ), and the other modes exhibit moderate or weak AFM couplings. These observations indicate that the HO and MI sites are favorable spin-coupling sites. In addition, the H-bond lengths and electronic structures of the H-bonding sites, proton transfer, and extra H-bonding interaction with the surroundings can also affect the magnetic couplings of the base pairs. Clearly, the unique magnetic coupling anisotropy of rU provides a promising application basis for the design and assembly of bio-inspired anisotropically magnetic membranes and even magnetism-tunable building blocks for novel magnetic nanoscale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, P. R. China
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19
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Majumder M, Goswami T, Misra A. Multifunctional Magnetic Materials of Organic Origin for Biomedical Applications: A Theoretical Study. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Majumder
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Bengal Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal India
| | - Tamal Goswami
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Bengal Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal India
| | - Anirban Misra
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of North Bengal Darjeeling 734013, West Bengal India
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20
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Xiao ZX, Miao H, Shao D, Wei HY, Zhang YQ, Wang XY. A family of lanthanide compounds with reduced nitronyl nitroxide diradical: syntheses, structures and magnetic properties. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:7925-7933. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01112e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A new diradical based on the pyrazine ring and a series of Ln2 compounds with its reduced form have been synthesized and characterized structurally and magnetically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Xin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Hao Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Dong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
| | - Hai-Yan Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Materials
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yi-Quan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for NSLSCS
- School of Physical Science and Technology
- Nanjing Normal University
- Nanjing 210023
- China
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing
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21
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Sarbadhikary P, Shil S, Misra A. Magnetic and transport properties of conjugated and cumulated molecules: the π-system enlightens part of the story. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:9364-9375. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06113g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the intramolecular magnetic exchange coupling constants (J) for a series of nitronyl nitroxide diradicals connected by a range of linear conjugated and cumulene couplers focusing on the unusual π-interaction properties within the couplers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suranjan Shil
- Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design (CAMD)
- Department of Physics
- Technical University of Denmark
- Lyngby
- Denmark
| | - Anirban Misra
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Dist-Darjeeling 734013
- India
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22
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Haraguchi M, Tretyakov E, Gritsan N, Romanenko G, Gorbunov D, Bogomyakov A, Maryunina K, Suzuki S, Kozaki M, Shiomi D, Sato K, Takui T, Nishihara S, Inoue K, Okada K. (Azulene-1,3-diyl)-bis(nitronyl nitroxide) and (Azulene-1,3-diyl)-bis(iminonitroxide) and Their Copper Complexes. Chem Asian J 2017; 12:2929-2941. [PMID: 28940948 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to diradicals connected by alternant hydrocarbons, only a few studies on those connected by nonalternant hydrocarbons have been reported. The syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties of azulene-1,3-diyl linked bis(nitronyl nitroxide) (NN2 Az) and bis(iminonitroxide) (IN2 Az) diradicals and their Cu(hfac)2 (hfac=hexafluoroacetylacetonate) complexes were investigated. NN2 Az was shown to have an intramolecular ferromagnetic interaction with Jobs /kB =+10.0 K (H=-2JS1 ⋅S2 ) between (nitronyl nitroxide) spins, whereas IN2 Az was estimated to have a much weaker intramolecular magnetic interaction. The reactions of NN2 Az and IN2 Az with Cu(hfac)2 gave a 1:2 [{Cu(hfac)2 }2 (NN2 Az)] complex and a 1:1 [Cu(hfac)2 (IN2 Az)]⋅C6 H12 complex, respectively. [{Cu(hfac)2 }2 (NN2 Az)] showed strong intramolecular antiferromagnetic interactions (J1-Cu-R /kB ≈-800 K, J2-Cu-R /kB ≈-500 K) between the CuII spins and the coordinating NN spins, whereas [Cu(hfac)2 (IN2 Az)] exhibited a ferromagnetic exchange interaction (Jobs-Cu-R /kB =+114 K) between the CuII spin and the imino-coordinated iminonitroxide spin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Haraguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Evgeny Tretyakov
- Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ak. Lavrentiev Avenue 9, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street, 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Nina Gritsan
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street, 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 ul. Institutskaya, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Galina Romanenko
- International Tomography Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3a ul. Institutskaya, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Gorbunov
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street, 2, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.,Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion, 3 ul. Institutskaya, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Artem Bogomyakov
- International Tomography Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3a ul. Institutskaya, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation
| | - Kseniya Maryunina
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Center for Chiral Science and Institute for Advanced Materials Research, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Shuichi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.,Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shiomi
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Takeji Takui
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Sadafumi Nishihara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Center for Chiral Science and Institute for Advanced Materials Research, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Katsuya Inoue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Center for Chiral Science and Institute for Advanced Materials Research, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8526, Japan
| | - Keiji Okada
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.,The Osaka City University Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology (OCARINA), Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
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23
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Song M, Song X, Bu Y. Tuning the Spin Coupling Interactions in the Nitroxide-Based Bisphenol-Like Diradicals. Chemphyschem 2017; 18:2487-2498. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201700731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shandong University; Jinan 250100 People's Republic of China
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24
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Feng Y, Zhang F, Song X, Bu Y. Diradicalized biphenyl derivative carbon-based material molecules: exploring the tuning effects on magnetic couplings. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:5932-5943. [PMID: 28177009 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08201g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
While the conductance behavior of carbon-based couplers has been successfully investigated, insight into the magnetic properties of such carbon-based molecule coupled diradical systems is still scarce, and especially the structural effect of such couplers on the magnetic properties is poorly understood. The present work reports three different interference effects on the magnetic properties of carbon-based molecule coupled nitroxide diradicals: twisting, sideways group, and position effects. DFT calculations reveal that (i) torsion does not change their broken-symmetry singlet ground state and antiferromagnetic coupling, but decreases their magnetism; (ii) different linkages of two radical moieties result in different ground states and thus different magnetisms, depending on a combination of meta-sites and para-sites; (iii) the antiferromagnetic coupling with a broken-symmetry singlet ground state is not changed by adding sideways groups, but the coupling magnitude can be tuned by modifying the side-bridge. Discussions on geometries, magnetic properties, SOMO-SOMO splittings, and spin density distributions are made to clarify relevant magnetic behaviors. Clearly, the findings concerning the regulation of the diradicalized material molecules through modifying the carbon-based bridges provide a comprehensive understanding of the magnetism of such carbon-based diradicals and new prospects for the design of building blocks of magnetic functional molecular materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Fengying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Xinyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China.
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25
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Tuček J, Holá K, Bourlinos AB, Błoński P, Bakandritsos A, Ugolotti J, Dubecký M, Karlický F, Ranc V, Čépe K, Otyepka M, Zbořil R. Room temperature organic magnets derived from sp 3 functionalized graphene. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14525. [PMID: 28216636 PMCID: PMC5321725 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Materials based on metallic elements that have d orbitals and exhibit room temperature magnetism have been known for centuries and applied in a huge range of technologies. Development of room temperature carbon magnets containing exclusively sp orbitals is viewed as great challenge in chemistry, physics, spintronics and materials science. Here we describe a series of room temperature organic magnets prepared by a simple and controllable route based on the substitution of fluorine atoms in fluorographene with hydroxyl groups. Depending on the chemical composition (an F/OH ratio) and sp3 coverage, these new graphene derivatives show room temperature antiferromagnetic ordering, which has never been observed for any sp-based materials. Such 2D magnets undergo a transition to a ferromagnetic state at low temperatures, showing an extraordinarily high magnetic moment. The developed theoretical model addresses the origin of the room temperature magnetism in terms of sp2-conjugated diradical motifs embedded in an sp3 matrix and superexchange interactions via –OH functionalization. Developing room-temperature magnets from materials containing only sp orbitals has remained an elusive but important goal. Here, Zbořil and co-workers report hydroxofluorographenes that exhibit room-temperature antiferromagnetic ordering and low-temperature ferromagnetic behaviour with high magnetic moments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Tuček
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Holá
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Athanasios B Bourlinos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic.,Physics Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Piotr Błoński
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Juri Ugolotti
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Matúš Dubecký
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - František Karlický
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Ranc
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Čépe
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Zbořil
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic
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26
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Nam Y, Cho D, Lee JY. Electric field effect on the magnetic properties of zigzag MoS2 nanoribbons with different edge passivation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:30814-30821. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06161g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reversible spin control of zigzag MoS2 nanoribbons by applying an electric field with enhancement of magnetic coupling strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonsig Nam
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Korea
| | - Daeheum Cho
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Sungkyunkwan University
- Suwon 16419
- Korea
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27
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Akhtari K, Hassanzadeh K, Zarei SA, Fakhraei B, Akhtari G. The role of non-covalent interaction in the hexadentate coordination environment on the magnetic behavior of binuclear helical complex [Ni2(L)2]4+: A broken-symmetry approach. Polyhedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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28
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Bhattacharya D, Shil S, Misra A, Bytautas L, Klein DJ. Toward Molecular Magnets of Organic Origin via Anion−π Interaction Involving m-Aminyl Diradical: A Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:9117-9130. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b09666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debojit Bhattacharya
- Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77553, United States
| | - Suranjan Shil
- Center
for Atomic Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Anirban Misra
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, PIN. 734013, West Bengal, India
| | - Laimutis Bytautas
- Department
of Chemistry, Galveston College, 4015 Avenue Q, Galveston, Texas 77550, United States
| | - Douglas J. Klein
- Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77553, United States
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Wang Y, Liu M, Zhu Y, Cheng K, Da Wu, Liu B, Li F. Identifying the tobacco related free radicals by UPCC-QTOF-MS with radical trapping method in mainstream cigarette smoke. Talanta 2016; 160:106-112. [PMID: 27591593 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco related free radicals (TFRs) in the cigarette smoke are specific classes of hazardous compounds that merit concern. In this study, we developed a hybrid method to identify TFRs directly based on ultra-performance convergence chromatography with a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPCC-QTOF MS) combined spin trapping technique. The short-lived TFRs were stabilized successfully in situ through spin trapping procedure and UPCC was applied to facilitate efficient separation of complex derivative products. Coupling of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), UPCC-QTOF MS system enabled us to identify specific potential TFRs with exact chemical formula. Moreover, computational stimulations have been carried out to evaluate the optimized stability of TFRs. This work is a successful demonstration for the application of an advanced hyphenated technique for separation of TFRs with short detection time (less than 7min) and high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, College of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Technology Center, Shanghai Tobacco Group Corporation Limited, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Misha Liu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, College of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yingjing Zhu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, College of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Kuan Cheng
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, College of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Da Wu
- Technology Center, Shanghai Tobacco Group Corporation Limited, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Baizhan Liu
- Technology Center, Shanghai Tobacco Group Corporation Limited, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Fengting Li
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, College of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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30
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Wei W, Bai FQ, Xia BH, Wang J, Zhang HX. A density functional theory investigation of the stability, aromaticity, and photophysical behavior for the highly conjugated macrocycles containing 4 pyrroles. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Fu-Quan Bai
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Bao-Hui Xia
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun China
- College of Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Jian Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun China
| | - Hong-Xing Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Nano-Micro Architecture Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry; Jilin University; Changchun China
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31
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Cho D, Ko KC, Ikabata Y, Wakayama K, Yoshikawa T, Nakai H, Lee JY. Effect of Hartree-Fock exact exchange on intramolecular magnetic coupling constants of organic diradicals. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:024318. [PMID: 25591364 DOI: 10.1063/1.4905561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daeheum Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Chul Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
| | - Yasuhiro Ikabata
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Wakayama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
- Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts and Batteries (ESICB), Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8520, Japan
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea
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32
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Ko KC, Park YG, Cho D, Lee JY. Simple but Useful Scheme toward Understanding of Intramolecular Magnetic Interactions: Benzene-Bridged Oxoverdazyl Diradicals. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:9596-606. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5072007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Chul Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Young Geun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Daeheum Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
| | - Jin Yong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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