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Abstract
A recently developed methodology for calculating, analyzing, and visualizing nuclear magnetic shielding densities is used for studying spatial contributions including ring-current contributions to 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of aromatic and anti-aromatic free-base porphyrinoids. Our approach allows a visual inspection of the spatial origin of the positive (shielding) and negative (deshielding) contributions to the nuclear magnetic shielding constants. Diatropic and paratropic current-density fluxes yield both shielding and deshielding contributions implying that not merely the tropicity of the current density determines whether the contribution has a shielding or deshielding character. Instead the shielding or deshielding contribution is determined by the direction of the current-density flux with respect to the studied nucleus.
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2
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Rauhalahti M, Sundholm D, Johansson MP. Magnetically induced ring currents in naphthalene-fused heteroporphyrinoids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16629-16634. [PMID: 34338707 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The magnetically induced current density of an intriguing naphthalene-fused heteroporphyrin has been studied, using the quantum-chemical, gauge-including magnetically induced currents (GIMIC) method. The ring-current strengths and current-density pathways for the heteroporphyrin, its Pd complex, and the analogous quinoline-fused heteroporphyrin provide detailed information about their aromatic properties. The three porphyrinoids have similar current-density pathways and are almost as aromatic as free-base porphyrin. Notably, we show that the global ring current makes a branch at three specific points. Thus, the global current is composed of a total of eight pathways that include 22 π-electrons, with no contributions from 18-electron pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Rauhalahti
- University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens Plats 1), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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3
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Butcher RJ, Purdy AP, Brown PA, Gunlycke D. Synthesis, structure, and theoretical studies of a calcium complex of a unique dianion derived from 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2021; 77:70-74. [PMID: 33520286 PMCID: PMC7784048 DOI: 10.1107/s205698902001628x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The title compound, catena-poly[[tetra-kis-(1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one-κO)calcium(II)]-μ-(E)-1,1'-dimethyl-2,2'-dioxo-1,1',2,2'-tetra-hydro-[3,3'-bipyrrolyl-idene]-5,5'-bis-(thiol-ato)-κ2 O:O'], [Ca(C10H8N2O2S2)(C5H9NO)4] n , 1, crystallizes in the triclinic space group P . The crystal studied was twinned by non-merohedry via two different twofold operations, about the normals to (001) and (10), giving four twin domains with refined occupancies of 0.412 (4), 0.366 (4), 0.055 (1), 0.167 (4). The Ca atoms are located on centers of inversion. Each Ca is surrounded by four 1-methyl-pyrrolidin-2-one (NMP) ligands and coordinated through one of the two O atoms to two (E)-1,1'-dimethyl-2,2'-dioxo-1,1',2,2'-tetra-hydro-[3,3'-bipyrrolyl-idene]-5,5'-bis-(thiol-ate), [C10H8N2O2S2]2-, dianions (abbreviation: DMTBT). This dianion thus facilitates the formation of a 1-D polymer, which propagates in the [011] direction. These ribbons are linked by inter-molecular C-H⋯S inter-actions. Each Ca atom is in an octa-hedral CaO6 six-coordinate environment with Ca-O bond lengths ranging from 2.308 (6) to 2.341 (6) Å, cis bond angles ranging from 88.2 (2) to 91.8 (2)° and the trans angles all 180° due to the Ca atoms being located on centers of inversion. Theoretical calculations were carried out using density functional theory (DFT) and the results showed that although the central DMTBT dianion is planar there is likely some resonance across the central bond between both aza-pentyl rings, but this is not sufficient to establish a ring current. The calculated UV-vis spectrum shows a peak at 625 nm, which accounts for the deep blue-purple color of solutions of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray J. Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, 525 College Street NW, Washington DC 20059, USA
| | - Andrew P. Purdy
- Chemistry Division, Code 6123, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Av, SW, Washington DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - Paul A. Brown
- Chemistry Division, Code 6189, ASEE Postdoctoral Associate, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Av, SW, Washington DC 20375-5342, USA
| | - Daniel Gunlycke
- Chemistry Division, Code 6189, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Av, SW, Washington DC 20375-5342, USA
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4
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Wang W, Wang J, Gong C, Zhu Z, Bowen KH, Zhang X. Magic Clusters PtMg 2,3 H 5 - Facilitated by Local σ-Aromaticity. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2388-2391. [PMID: 32869438 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The concept of local aromaticity has been successfully utilized in understanding the stability of certain atomic clusters. However, all the skeleton atoms in these clusters are covered by at least one local aromatic feature, collectively making the multiple local aromaticities coexist globally. Herein we show the robustness of local aromaticity as a tool for the discovery of novel magic clusters: not all of the skeleton atoms need to be covered by an aromatic feature to make the cluster magic. In this study, the PtMg2,3 H5 - cluster anions are generated by a unique high-current pulsed discharge ion source and found to be magic numbers using mass spectrometry. Photoelectron spectroscopy and calculations confirm that only the PtH4 2- kernels in these clusters are locally aromatic. Based on these results, we propose that local aromaticity can be gainfully utilized as a new potential magic rule in the search for magic numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chu Gong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhaoguo Zhu
- Departments of Chemistry and Material Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Kit H Bowen
- Departments of Chemistry and Material Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Xinxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (ReCAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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5
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Abstract
Magnetic shielding studies demonstrate that nickel norcorrole (NiNc) and norcorrole (H2Nc) provide unusual examples of stable molecules with high antagonistic levels of antiaromaticity and aromaticity: Both incorporate an antiaromatic "core", a 14-membered cyclic conjugated subsystem with 16 π electrons, surrounded by an aromatic "halo" in the form of a ring of either 14 atoms and 14 π electrons with a new type of homoconjugation (NiNc), or 18 atoms with 18 π electrons (H2Nc).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B Karadakov
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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6
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Bartkowski K, Dimitrova M, Chmielewski PJ, Sundholm D, Pawlicki M. Aromatic and Antiaromatic Pathways in Triphyrin(2.1.1) Annelated with Benzo[b]heterocycles. Chemistry 2019; 25:15477-15482. [PMID: 31535404 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Understanding of the aromatic properties and magnetically induced current densities of highly conjugated chromophores is important when designing molecules with strongly delocalized electronic structure. Linear extension of the triphyrin(2.1.1) skeleton with an annelated benzo[b]heterocycle fragment modifies the aromatic character by extending the electron delocalization pathway. Two-electron reduction leads to an antiaromatic triphyrin(2.1.1) ring and an aromatic benzo[b]heterocycle subunit. Current-density calculations provide detailed information about the observed pathways and their strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Bartkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maria Dimitrova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Piotr J Chmielewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383, Wrocław, Poland
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7
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Brown PA, Martin CD, Shuford KL. Aromaticity of unsaturated BEC 4 heterocycles (E = N, P, As, Sb, O, S, Se, Te). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:18458-18466. [PMID: 31250870 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02387a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A compendium of pnictogen and chalcogen substituted boron heterocycles were assessed for their aromatic character by first principles density functional theory. Group-15 and Group-16 elements were placed at the ortho-, meta-, and para-positions of six-membered rings relative to boron to assess their impact on the aromaticity of the unsaturated heterocycles. Aromaticity was analyzed by a multidimensional approach using nuclear independent chemical shifts, gauge-including magnetically induced current, as well as natural bond orbital and natural resonance theory analyses. Based on these methods, we observe a general decline of aromaticity in heavier pnictaborines while the chalcogen analogues maintain relatively strong aromatic character. These general trends result from complementary π-π* natural bond order interactions that sustain resonance within the ring of each heterocycle establishing a pattern of cyclic delocalization. Consequently, natural resonance theory displays strong resonance, which is corroborated with the signed modulus of ring current, toroidal vortices of current maps, and elevated average induced current throughout the ring. The 1,3-configurations for pnictaborines and chalcogenaborines are generally more aromatic compared to the 1,2- and 1,4-isomers, which contain π-holes that limit diatropism within the heterocycles. However, an energetic trend favors the 1,2-heterocycles in both groups, with a few exceptions driven in large-part by π-donation of the lone pair on the heteroatom to the pz orbital on the adjacent boron resulting in stabilization. The importance of planarity for high aromaticity is demonstrated, especially in the pnictaborine isomers where pyramidalization at the pnictogen is favored, while bond regularity seems a less important criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Brown
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97348, Waco, TX 76798-7348, USA.
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8
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Benkyi I, Sundholm D. Aromatic Pathways in Porphycene Derivatives Based on Current-Density Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:284-292. [PMID: 30561203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Magnetically induced current densities have been calculated for porphycenes at the density functional theory level using gauge-including atomic orbitals to ensure gauge-origin independence and a fast basis-set convergence of the current densities. The current densities have been analyzed by using the gauge-including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) method. The porphycenes are aromatic, sustaining strong diatropic ring currents. The ring-current pathways have been determined by integrating the strength of the current density passing selected bonds. The calculations show that the ring current of the porphycenes splits into an outer and inner branch at the pyrrolic rings implying that the ring current involves all 26 π electrons of the porphycenes, which is similar to the ring current of porphyrins. The pyrrolic rings of the aromatic porphycenes do not sustain any significant local ring currents. Dihydroporphycene with four inner hydrogens is antiaromatic with weakly aromatic pyrrolic rings. The annelated benzoic rings in benzoporphycene sustain local paratropic ring currents, whereas the global ring current of dibenzoporphycene splits into an outer and inner branch at the benzoic rings. Comparison of calculated 1H NMR shieldings with ring-current strengths shows that interactions between the inner hydrogen and the neighbor nitrogen is more significant for differences in the 1H NMR shieldings than variations in global ring-current strengths. Calculated excitation energies show that the antiaromatic dihydroporphycene has a smaller optical gap than the aromatic porphycene, even though its HOMO-LUMO gap is larger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Benkyi
- University of Helsinki , Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 55 ( A.I. Virtanens plats 1 ), FIN-00014 Helsinki , Finland
| | - Dage Sundholm
- University of Helsinki , Department of Chemistry , P.O. Box 55 ( A.I. Virtanens plats 1 ), FIN-00014 Helsinki , Finland
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9
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Foroutan-Nejad C, Larsen S, Conradie J, Ghosh A. Isocorroles as Homoaromatic NIR-Absorbing Chromophores: A First Quantum Chemical Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11952. [PMID: 30097587 PMCID: PMC6086901 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations of magnetically induced current densities have revealed high diatropic ring currents in unsubstituted isocorrole consistent with homoaromatic character. An examination of the Kohn-Sham molecular orbitals showed clear evidence of homoconjugative interactions in four occupied π-type molecular orbitals as well as in the LUMO. Remarkably, substituents at the saturated meso position were found to exert a dramatic influence on the overall current density pattern. Thus, whereas bis(trimethylsilyl)-substitution strongly enhanced the peripheral diatropic current (consistent with enhanced homoaromaticity), difluoro-substitution engendered a strong, net paratropic current (consistent with antihomoaromaticity). In this respect, isocorroles stand in sharp contrast to benzenoid aromatics, for which substituents typically exert a small influence on the current density distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cina Foroutan-Nejad
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ - 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Simon Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, 9300, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa.
| | - Abhik Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
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10
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Electronic and magnetic properties of the [Ni(salophen)]: An experimental and DFT study. J Adv Res 2018; 9:27-33. [PMID: 30046483 PMCID: PMC6057394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of the coordination of a Ni(II) ion on the electronic and magnetic properties of the ligand salophen were experimentally and theoretically evaluated. The complex [Ni(salophen)] was synthesized and characterized through FTIR and an elemental analysis. Spectral data obtained using DMSO as a solvent showed that the ligand absorption profile was significantly disturbed after the coordination of the metal atom. In addition to a redshift of the salophen ligand absorption bands, mainly composed by π → π∗electronic transitions, additional bands of around 470 nm were observed, resulting in a partial metal-to-ligand charge transfer. Furthermore, a significant increment of its band intensities was observed, favoring a more intense absorption in a broader range of the visible spectrum, which is a desired characteristic for applications in the field of organic electronics. This finding is related to an increment of the planarity and consequent electron delocalization of the macrocycle in the complex, which was estimated by the calculation of the current strengths at the PBE0/cc-pVTZ (Dyall.v3z for Ni(II)) level.
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11
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Janda T, Foroutan‐Nejad C. Why is Benzene Unique? Screening Magnetic Properties of C6H6Isomers. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:2357-2363. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Janda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceMasaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ – 62500 Brno Czech Republic
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of Pardubice
| | - Cina Foroutan‐Nejad
- CEITEC – Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University Kamenice 5, CZ – 62500 Brno Czech Republic
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12
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Valiev RR, Benkyi I, Konyshev YV, Fliegl H, Sundholm D. Computational Studies of Aromatic and Photophysical Properties of Expanded Porphyrins. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:4756-4767. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b02311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid R. Valiev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtanens plats 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Optics and Spectroscopy, Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Isaac Benkyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtanens plats 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yuri V. Konyshev
- Department of Optics and Spectroscopy, Tomsk State University, 36, Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.
Box 1033, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtanens plats 1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Advanced Study at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Drammensveien 78, N-0271 Oslo, Norway
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13
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Franzke YJ, Sundholm D, Weigend F. Calculations of current densities and aromatic pathways in cyclic porphyrin and isoporphyrin arrays. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:12794-12803. [PMID: 28484758 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetically induced current density susceptibilities have been studied for a number of cyclic ethyne- and butadiyne-bridged porphyrin and isoporphyrin arrays. The current density susceptibilities have been calculated using the gauge-including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) method, which is interfaced to the TURBOMOLE quantum chemistry code. Aromatic properties and current pathways have been analyzed and discussed by numerical integration of the current density susceptibilities passing selected chemical bonds yielding current strength susceptibilities. Despite the interrupted π-framework, zinc(ii) isoporphyrin sustains a ring current of ca. 10 nA T-1. Porphyrin and isoporphyrin dimers sustain a significant current strength at the linker, whereas the larger porphyrinoid arrays sustain mainly local ring currents. Isoporphyrin dimers with saturated meso carbons have strong net diatropic ring-current strengths of 20 nA T-1 fulfilling Hückels aromaticity rule. Porphyrin trimers and tetramers exhibit almost no current strength at the linker. The porphyrin moieties maintain their strong net diatropic ring current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick J Franzke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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14
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Kumar C, Fliegl H, Sundholm D. Relation Between Ring Currents and Hydrogenation Enthalpies for Assessing the Degree of Aromaticity. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:7282-7289. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b07607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandan Kumar
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.
O. Box 1033, N-1315 Blindern, Norway
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Hylleraas
Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.
O. Box 1033, N-1315 Blindern, Norway
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtanens Plats
1, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Dimitrova M, Fliegl H, Sundholm D. The influence of heteroatoms on the aromatic character and the current pathways of B2N2-dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:20213-20223. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp02964k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four polycyclic molecules have been investigated at the DFT level of theory using magnetically induced current densities calculated with the GIMIC program as an indicator of their (anti)aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dimitrova
- University of Helsinki
- Department of Chemistry
- FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- 0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Dage Sundholm
- University of Helsinki
- Department of Chemistry
- FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
- Finland
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16
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Abstract
The use of cyclic polyene perimeter-model approaches, such as Gouterman's four-orbital model and Michl's perimeter model, to analyze trends in the electronic structures and optical properties of expanded, contracted, and isomeric porphyrins is described with an emphasis on the use of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) spectroscopy to validate the results of TD-DFT calculations. Trends in the electronic structures and optical properties of isomeric porphyrins are examined by comparing the properties of porphycenes, corrphycenes, hemiporphycenes, isoporphycenes, N-confused and neoconfused porphyrins, and norroles, whereas those of ring-contracted porphyrins are examined by comparing the properties of subporphyrins, triphyrins, and vacataporphyrins. The ring-expanded compounds that are examined include cyclo[n]pyrroles, [22]pentaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1), sapphyrins, smaragdyrins, isosmaragdyrins, orangarins, ozaphyrins, [26]hexaphyrins(1.1.1.1.1.1), rubyrins, rosarins, amethyrins, isoamethyrins, bronzaphyrins, and doubly N-confused hexaphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Mack
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University , Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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17
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Sundholm D, Fliegl H, Berger RJ. Calculations of magnetically induced current densities: theory and applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of Chemistry; University of Oslo; Oslo Norway
| | - Raphael J.F. Berger
- Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg; Chemistry of Materials; Salzburg Austria
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18
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Benkyi I, Fliegl H, Valiev RR, Sundholm D. New insights into aromatic pathways of carbachlorins and carbaporphyrins based on calculations of magnetically induced current densities. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:11932-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06987d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aromatic pathways of carbaporphyrins and carbachlorins that are based on magnetically induced current density DFT-GIMIC calculations are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Benkyi
- University of Helsinki
- Department of Chemistry
- FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- 0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Rashid R. Valiev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk 634050
- Russian Federation
- Tomsk State University
- Tomsk
| | - Dage Sundholm
- University of Helsinki
- Department of Chemistry
- FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
- Finland
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19
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Valiev RR, Fliegl H, Sundholm D. Aromatic Pathways in Carbathiaporphyrins. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:1201-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5120652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid R. Valiev
- Tomsk Polytechnic University, 43a Lenin Avenue, Building 2, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
- Tomsk State University, Lenina
Avenue 36, Tomsk 634050, Russian Federation
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre
for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC), Department of
Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo 0315, Norway
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats
1), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
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20
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Valiev RR, Fliegl H, Sundholm D. Predicting the degree of aromaticity of novel carbaporphyrinoids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14215-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01306b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Magnetically induced current densities have been calculated for dioxaporphyrin, dithiaporphyrin, true carbaporphyrins, and N-confused porphyrins using the gauge-including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid R. Valiev
- Tomsk State University
- Tomsk
- Russian Federation
- Tomsk Polytechnic University
- Tomsk 634050
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (CTCC)
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Oslo
- 0315 Oslo
- Norway
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry
- FIN-00014 University of Helsinki
- Finland
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