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Toxic Effect of Metal Doping on Diatoms as Probed by Broadband Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185897. [PMID: 36144633 PMCID: PMC9504612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The global marine environment is increasingly affected by human activities causing climate change, eutrophication, and pollution. These factors influence the metabolic mechanisms of phytoplankton species, such as diatoms. Among other pollutant agents, heavy metals can have dramatic effects on diatom viability. Detailed knowledge of the interaction of diatoms with metals is essential from both a fundamental and applicative point of view. To this aim, we assess terahertz time-domain spectroscopy as a tool for sensing the diatoms in aqueous systems which mimic their natural environment. Despite the strong absorption of terahertz radiation in water, we show that diatoms can be sensed by probing the water absorption enhancement in the terahertz range caused by the water–diatom interaction. We reveal that the addition of metal dopants affects this absorption enhancement, thus enabling the monitoring of the toxic effects of metals on diatoms using terahertz spectroscopy. We demonstrate that this technique can detect the detrimental effects of heavy metals earlier than conventional methods such as microscopy, enzymatic assays, and molecular analyses aimed at assessing the overexpression of genes involved in the heavy metal-stress response.
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2
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Jerabek P, Santhosh A, Schwerdtfeger P. Relativistic Effects Stabilize Unusual Gold(II) Sulfate Structure via Aurophilic Interactions. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13077-13084. [PMID: 35951583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of gold(II) sulfate is strikingly different from other coinage metal(II) sulfates. Central to the unsual AuSO4 bulk structure is the Au24+ ion with a very close Au-Au contact, which is a structural feature that does not appear in CuSO4 and AgSO4. To shed some light on this unusual behavior, we decided to investigate the relative stabilities of the coinage metal(II) sulfates utilizing periodic Density Functional Theory. By computing relative energies of the hypothetical nonrelativistic gold(II) sulfate (AuNRSO4) in different structural arrangements and performing chemical bonding analyses employing the Electron Localization Function as well as the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules method, we show that the stability of the unsual AuSO4 bulk structure can be related to aurophilic interactions enabled by relativistic effects. From the relative stabilities and UV-vis spectra computed via GW methodology, we predict that AuNRSO4 would assume the structure of either copper(II) sulfate or silver(II) sulfate with almost equal likelihood and appear as bright-violet or deep-blue substances, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jerabek
- Institute of Hydrogen Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Archa Santhosh
- Institute of Hydrogen Technology, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland, Private Bag 102904, 0745 Auckland, New Zealand
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3
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Selected Applications of Terahertz Pulses in Medicine and Industry. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12126169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This article contains a brief summary of areas where terahertz technology is making an impact in research and industrial applications. We cover some of its uses in the pharmaceutical setting, where both imaging and spectroscopy play important roles. Medical applications are also being pursued in many research laboratories, primarily for imaging purposes and following on from the first results just over 20 years ago. The three-dimensional imaging capability of pulsed terahertz allows for the observation of tumours below the surface of tissue, such as basal cell carcinoma of skin. The recent use of the technology in studies of cultural heritage has shown to increase our understanding of the past. The power of terahertz is exemplified by the discussion on its importance in different industries, such as semiconductor circuit manufacturing and automotive assembly.
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4
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Ibrahim MA, Boeré RT. The copper sulfate hydration cycle. Crystal structures of CuSO 4 (Chalcocyanite), CuSO 4·H 2O (Poitevinite), CuSO 4·3H 2O (Bonattite) and CuSO 4·5H 2O (Chalcanthite) at low temperature using non-spherical atomic scattering factors. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj00169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sky blue CuSO4·3H2O is the midpoint of the copper sulfate hydration cycle. The progression from colourless CuSO4 to bright blue CuSO4·5H2O is intimately linked to the relative number of sulfato versus aqua ligands coordinated to copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukaila A. Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies (C-CRAFT), University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - René T. Boeré
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
- The Canadian Centre for Research in Advanced Fluorine Technologies (C-CRAFT), University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Canada
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5
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Chen L, Ren G, Liu L, Zhou L, Li S, Zhu Z, Zhang J, Zhang W, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhao H, Han J. Probing lattice vibration of alkali halide crystals by broadband terahertz spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 254:119671. [PMID: 33744698 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz spectral features of alkali halide crystals were studied with the combination of broadband terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and the solid-state-based density functional theory calculations. To understand the particular modes of the observed terahertz features of the alkali halide crystals, the resonant modes of KCl and CsCl were analyzed using face-centered cubic and body-centered cubic lattice models, respectively. The results show that the characteristic terahertz absorption peaks could be assigned to the lattice vibration of the ionic crystals. Furthermore, the terahertz responses of a series of alkali halides were recorded, and obvious absorption peaks were observed in each salt in the frequency region below 8.5 THz. What is more interestingly is that the frequencies of these observed peaks are red-shifted with the increases of the mass and radius of the ions. This correlation between the resonant frequency of the lattice vibration, the reduced atomic mass, and the equilibrium distance between the ions agrees well with the harmonic oscillator model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Chen
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Guanhua Ren
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Liyuan Liu
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Lu Zhou
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shaoxian Li
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Weili Zhang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Zhangjiang Lab, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China; Division of Interfacial Water and Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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6
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Lee JE, Lee H, Kim J, Jung TS, Kim JH, Kim J, Baek NY, Song YN, Lee HH, Kim JH. Terahertz Spectroscopic Analysis of the Vermilion Pigment in Free-Standing and Polyethylene-Mixed Forms. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13802-13806. [PMID: 34095672 PMCID: PMC8173543 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz spectroscopy can be utilized as an effective nondestructive identification tool for the study of artist's pigments. Consequently, extensive measurements have been conducted on representative pigment species, and a few terahertz spectral databases have been constructed. However, the reported spectra were often acquired from pigment samples mixed with polyethylene at room temperature with low resolution, which often led to low-quality spectra with unresolved overlapping lines further broadened due to thermal effects. Here, we present our study of vermilion (HgS, mercury sulfide) as an illustration of how we can overcome such difficulties by studying free-standing oil-paint samples at room temperature and then by performing low-temperature measurements on polyethylene-mixed samples to minimize line broadening due to thermal effects. Our results identify clearly resolved absorption peaks due to lattice vibrations of vermilion at 40.4, 44.5, and 89.9 cm-1 at 2 K. The temperature dependence of the peak shift and line broadening reveals anharmonic characteristics of these lattice vibrational modes. Our approach will definitely suggest new ways to improve and enhance existing terahertz spectral databases of ancient and modern pigments toward actual analysis, diagnosis, and conservation of heritage artworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Lee
- Department
of Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Howon Lee
- Department
of Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jangwon Kim
- Department
of Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Taek Sun Jung
- Department
of Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jae Ha Kim
- Department
of Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jonghyeon Kim
- Department
of Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Na Yeon Baek
- Graduate
School of Cultural Heritage, Korea National
University of Cultural Heritage, Buyeo 33115, Republic
of Korea
| | - You Na Song
- CON-TECH, Korea National University
of Cultural Heritage, Buyeo 33115, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Hyoung Lee
- CON-TECH, Korea National University
of Cultural Heritage, Buyeo 33115, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Kim
- Department
of Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
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7
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Transformation of terahertz vibrational modes of cytosine under hydration. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10271. [PMID: 32581269 PMCID: PMC7314841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosine and cytosine monohydrate are representative biomolecules for investigating the effect of hydrogen bonds in deoxyribonucleic acid. To better understand intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, between nucleobases it is necessary to identify the low-frequency vibrational modes associated with intermolecular interactions and crystalline structures. In this study, we investigated the characteristic low-frequency vibrational modes of cytosine and cytosine monohydrate using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The crystal geometry was obtained by the powder X-ray diffraction technique. The optimized atomic positions and the normal modes in the terahertz region were calculated using density functional theory (DFT), which agreed well with the experimental results. We found that overall terahertz absorption peaks of cytosine and cytosine monohydrate consist of collective vibrations mixed with intermolecular and intramolecular vibrations in mode character analysis, and that the most intense peaks of both samples involve remarkable intermolecular translational vibration. These results indicate that THz-TDS combined with DFT calculations including mode character analysis can be an effective method for understanding how water molecules contribute to the characteristics of the low-frequency vibrational modes by intermolecular vibrations with hydrogen bonding in biological and biomedical applications.
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8
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Kleist EM, Korter TM. Quantitative Analysis of Minium and Vermilion Mixtures Using Low-Frequency Vibrational Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2019; 92:1211-1218. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse M. Kleist
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100, United States
| | - Timothy M. Korter
- Department of Chemistry, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100, United States
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9
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Kleist EM, Koch Dandolo CL, Guillet JP, Mounaix P, Korter TM. Terahertz Spectroscopy and Quantum Mechanical Simulations of Crystalline Copper-Containing Historical Pigments. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:1225-1232. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b11676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse M. Kleist
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Corinna L. Koch Dandolo
- IMS Laboratory, UMR CNRS 5218, University of Bordeaux, 351 cours de la liberation, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Jean-Paul Guillet
- IMS Laboratory, UMR CNRS 5218, University of Bordeaux, 351 cours de la liberation, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Patrick Mounaix
- IMS Laboratory, UMR CNRS 5218, University of Bordeaux, 351 cours de la liberation, 33405 Talence, France
| | - Timothy M. Korter
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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10
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Isomers Identification of 2-hydroxyglutarate acid disodium salt (2HG) by Terahertz Time-domain Spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12166. [PMID: 28939851 PMCID: PMC5610270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Hydroxyglutaric acid disodium salt (2HG) is a unique biomarker existing in glioma, which can be used for recognizing cancer development stage and identifying the boundary between the ordinary tissue and cancer tissue. However, the most efficient detection method for 2HG now is Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), whose testing time is at least twenty minutes and the variability of 2HG (continuous synthesis and decomposition) determines it cannot be used as the real-time image in medical surgery. In this paper, by using the Terahertz Time-domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS) System, we investigate the vibration spectra of 2HG isomers and further distinguish their physical properties by using Density Functional Theory. The differences between isomers are mainly attributed to the proton transfer inside the carbon chain. These results indicate that terahertz technology can identify the isomers of 2HG accurate and fast, which has important significance for the further investigation of glioma and clinical surgery.
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11
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Ruggiero MT, Korter TM. Uncovering the Terahertz Spectrum of Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:227-32. [PMID: 26730508 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Terahertz vibrational spectroscopy has evolved into a powerful tool for the detection and characterization of transition metal sulfate compounds, specifically for its ability to differentiate between various hydrated forms with high specificity. Copper(II) sulfate is one such system where multiple crystalline hydrates have had their terahertz spectra fully assigned, and the unique spectral fingerprints of the forms allows for characterization of multicomponent systems with relative ease. Yet the most commonly occurring form, copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), has proven elusive due to the presence of a broad absorption across much of the terahertz region, making the unambiguous identification of its spectral signature difficult. Here, it is shown that the sub-100 cm(-1) spectrum of CuSO4·5H2O is obscured by absorption from adsorbed water and that controlled drying reveals sharp underlying features. The crystalline composition of the samples was monitored in parallel by X-ray diffraction as a function of drying time, supporting the spectroscopic results. Finally, the terahertz spectrum of CuSO4·5H2O was fully assigned using solid-state density functional theory simulations, helping attribute the additional absorptions that appear after excessive drying to formation of CuSO4·3H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Ruggiero
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100, United States
| | - Timothy M Korter
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University , 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, New York 13244-4100, United States
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12
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Ruggiero MT, Erba A, Orlando R, Korter TM. Origins of contrasting copper coordination geometries in crystalline copper sulfate pentahydrate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:31023-9. [PMID: 26531762 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05554g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metal-aqua ion ([M(H2O)n](X+)) formation is a fundamental step in mechanisms that are central to enzymatic and industrial catalysis. Past investigations of such ions have yielded a wealth of information regarding their properties, however questions still exist involving the exact structures of these complexes. A prominent example of this is hexaaqua copper(II) ([Cu(H2O)6](2+)), with the solution versus gas-phase configurations under debate. The differences are often attributed to the intermolecular interactions between the bulk solvent and the aquated complex, resulting in structures stabilized by extended hydrogen-bonding networks. Yet solution phase systems are difficult to study due to the lack of atomic-level positional details. Crystalline solids are ideal models for comparative study, as they contain fixed structures that can be fully characterized using diffraction techniques. Here, crystalline copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), which contains two unique copper-water geometries, was studied in order to elucidate the origin of these contrasting hydrated metal envrionments. A combination of solid-state density functional theory and low-temperature X-ray diffraction was used to probe the electronic origins of this phenomenon. This was accomplished through implementation of crystal orbital overlap population and crystal orbital Hamiltonian population analyses into a developmental version of the CRYSTAL14 software. These new computational methods help highlight the delicate interplay between electronic structure and metal-water geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Ruggiero
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244-4100, USA.
| | - Alessandro Erba
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centre of Excellence Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, IT-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Orlando
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centre of Excellence Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, IT-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Timothy M Korter
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 1-014 Center for Science and Technology, Syracuse, NY 13244-4100, USA.
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Ruggiero MT, Bardon T, Strlič M, Taday PF, Korter TM. The role of terahertz polariton absorption in the characterization of crystalline iron sulfate hydrates. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:9326-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01195g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state density functional theory indicates that polariton absorption plays a central role in understanding the identifying terahertz-frequency spectral features of hydrated iron sulfate compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiphaine Bardon
- UCL Institute for Sustainable Heritage
- Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Matija Strlič
- UCL Institute for Sustainable Heritage
- Bartlett Faculty of the Built Environment
- University College London
- London
- UK
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